Coral reefs(珊 瑚 礁)are not just beautiful to look at，but also very useful．They shelter nearly 25％ of ocean life and provide food for billions of people．However, like many other species，this amazing ecosystem(生态系统)is in danger of dying out!
There are two main reasons for the destruction—the rising carbon dioxide levels caused by global warming as well as human influences like bottom operation．While not much can be done about the former，the loss caused by the latter can be reduced．
Bottom operation involves dropping nets to the ocean bed and then dragging them up when filled with fish．This action damaged the ocean floor，causing the coral branches to separate from the reefs．While that is very discouraging，the good news is that if these branches are found quickly，they can be saved．At present，that work is being performed by volunteer divers. But the method has only limited success because they cannot stay long underwater, nor reach depths of over 200 meters where some of the deep-sea coral grows．
However，this is not the case for Coral bots—the robots that can constantly seek out broken branches．A team of ‘coral bots’，each individually working to simple rules will piece together’ damaged bits of coral, allowing them to regrow. They are programmed to be able to distinguish between other things and the coral．The robots work together in groups，similar to bees．If one coralbot is damaged then the others will still be able to complete the task．
Dr Lea-Anne Henry said：“The project of using coral bots offers us the possibility to restore(修复)the function of reefs．It is in the final stage of testing．Once ready, the researchers hope to build hundreds of them and use them effectively in the waters off Scotland and then hopefully in the oceans across the world．”Which of the following is a cause of the danger that coral reefs are facing?
| A．The appearance of new creatures． |
| B．The seriously polluted sea water． |
| C．The activities of volunteer divers． |
| D．Human activities like bottom operation． |
Compared with volunteer divers，coralbots ______________．
| A．can stay longer underwater |
| B．must work as bees do |
| C．can distinguish what is coral |
| D．can never be damaged |
What does the underlined word“them”in the last paragraph refer to?
| A．Coralbots． | B．Broken branches． |
| C．working bees． | D．Bits of coral． |
We can infer from the passage that _______________．
| A．bottom operation has affected most underwater creatures |
| B．broken branches of coral can regrow if saved in time |
| C．hundreds of the coralbots have worked well in the oceans |
| D．with the coralbots all damaged coral reefs can be restored |
Teens’ lives hit by economy
Some teenagers are crossing their dream colleges off their lists. Others are thinking of skipping（略过）their senior trips or reducing prom(毕业舞会)costs. Many are finding their work hours cut while their expenses rise.
So, who exactly is punishing them？Is it their parents, teachers or employers？No, it’s the economy（经济状况）.
If you are like most teenagers, you probably don’t understand what “recession”, “negative economic growth” and “subprime mortgage crisis (次贷危机)”actually mean. And you probably don’t spend your days watching the ups and downs of the stock market.
It’s safe to say that most teens don’t know much about the economy except for one thing：it’s bad. But just how exactly is the economy affecting teens?
“The single largest thing I have noticed is the recession’s ability to affect my college choice, “said Heather Richars from Downey High School in California, US. “With the economic situation the way it is, I have thought less about going to a private or out-of-state university, and more about public schools in California, mainly because of the price of tuition, “said Richars. “I had been a fan of attending a private school up until this year.”
The economy cuts into other areas of teenagers’ lives, too.
Joey Camarda, a student at Modesto High School in California, who works at an ice cream store, said,“ Probably due to the economy, I have been getting less hours at my job, and because of that, I am not getting enough money to help pay for college.”
Tara Mooney, a senior at Beyer High School, has also begun to notice that money is tight.
“Things are getting expensive,” she said. “When it comes to applying for colleges and wanting to go on senior trips, I have to pick and choose instead of doing it all.”The purpose of writing the passage is mainly to tell us ________.
| A．the economic recession has had a big effect on teens’ work, life and study |
| B．teenagers are now having difficulty in deciding which colleges to apply for |
| C．teenagers don’t know much about the economic recession |
| D．teenagers are considering giving up their senior trips to save money |
Because of the bad economic situation, Heather Richars will most probably ________.
| A．go to a private university |
| B．attend an out-of-state college |
| C．attend a public college in California |
| D．find a good university as he planned |
How has Joey Camarda found the recession affects him?
| A．He has to find more part-time jobs. |
| B．He has to help his mother do more chores. |
| C．He has found that he had more time to study. |
| D．His plan to pay for college will be hard to realize. |
What can we conclude from the passage?
| A．Parents punish their teens by giving them less money. |
| B．Most teens understand what negative economic growth means. |
| C．Teenagers are finding it harder to do what they want than before. |
| D．Teenagers have realized the importance of managing their own money. |
Chocolate is good for your heart, skin and brain. Usually, people think that chocolate is bad for their health. They describe chocolate as “something to die for” or say “death by chocolate”. Now they should bite their tongues! Evidence(证据) is showing that some kinds of chocolate are actually good for you in the following ways:
A happier heart
Scientists at Harvard University recently examined 136 studies on cocoa—the main ingredient in chocolate and found that it does seem to strengthen the heart. Studies have shown heart benefits from increased blood flow. These benefits are the result of cocoa’s chemicals, which seem to prevent both cell damage and inflammation(炎症).
Better blood pressure
If yours is high, chocolate may help. Jeffrey Blumberg from Tufts University recently
found that people with high blood pressure who ate 3.5 ounces of dark chocolate
per day for two weeks their blood pressure drop quickly.
Muscle magic
Chocolate milk may help you recover after a hard workout(锻炼). In a small study at Indiana University, people who drank chocolate milk between workouts did better on a tiredness test than those who had some sports drinks.
Better for your skin. German researchers gave 24 women a half-cup of special cocoa every day. After three months, the women’s skin was moister(滑润的)and smoother. The research shows that chocolate helps protect and increase blood flow to the skin, improving its appearance.
Brain gains
It sounds almost too good to be true, but research suggests that chocolate may improve your memory, attention span, reaction time, and problem-solving by increasing blood flow to the brain. Which of the following is wrong?
| A．Coca’s chemicals can prevent both cell damage and inflammation. |
| B．Chocolate may help you lower your blood pressure. |
| C．People early know chocolate is good for their health. |
| D．Chocolate may improve your memory, attention span, reaction time, and problem-solving. |
What’s the meaning of the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph?
| A．Sports drinks are better than chocolate milk. |
| B．Sports drinks can make people easy to be tired. |
| C．Drinking milk can keep you energetic at work. |
| D．We should drink chocolate milk between times when we work hard. |
What’s the main idea of the text?
| A．Chocolate, a Healthy Food | B．More Chocolate, Less Health |
| C．Chocolate and Blood Pressure | D．Advice on Eating Chocolate |
What’s the meaning of “bite their tongues” in the first paragraph?
| A．Think of it. | B．Speak up. | C． Stop talking | D．Listen to it |
Hi! Have you ever suddenly felt that someone you knew was in trouble — and was he? Have you ever dreamed something that came true later? Maybe you have ESP (超感觉知觉).
ESP stands for Extrasensory Perception. It may be called a sixth sense. It seems to let people know about events before they happen, or events that are happening some distance away.
Here’s an example. A woman was ironing clothes. Suddenly she screamed, “My father is dead! I saw him sitting in the chair!” Just then, a telegram came. The woman’s father died of a heart attack. He died sitting in a chair.
There are thousands of stories like this one on record. Scientists are studying them to find out what’s behind these strange mental messages. Here’s another example—one of hundreds of dreams that have come true.
A man dreamed he was walking along a road when a horse and a carriage came by. The driver said, “There is room for one more.” The man felt the driver seemed dead, so he ran away. The next day, when the man was getting on a crowded bus, the bus driver said, “There is room for one more.”
Then the man saw that the driver’s face was the same face he had seen in the dream. He wouldn’t get on the bus. As the bus drove off, it crashed and burst into flames. Everyone was killed!
Some people say stories like these are coincidences. Others, including some scientists, say that ESP is real. From studies of ESP, we may someday learn more about the human mind.According to the passage, the author believes that the sixth sense is ________.
| A．in existence | B．imaginative | C．not real | D．impossible |
ESP lets people know _________.
| A．about events before they happen |
| B．about events after they happen |
| C．about events that are happening some distance away |
| D．A and C |
By studying ESP, scientists may get to ________.
| A．learn how people tell lies |
| B．know more about human dreams |
| C．know more about human mind |
| D．learn how strange things happen |
In the last paragraph the underlined word “coincidences” probably means _______.
| A．things that may not happen |
| B．things that happen in a dream |
| C．things that must happen |
| D．things that happen by accident |
We were standing at the top of a church tower. My father had brought me to this spot in a small town not far from our home in Rome. I wondered why.
“Look down, Elsa,” father said. I gathered all my courage and looked down. I saw the square in the center of the village. And I saw the crisscross (十字形) of twisting, turning streets leading to the square. “See, my dear,” father said gently. “There is more than one way to the square. Life is like that. If you can’t get to the place where you want to go by one road, try another.”
Now I understood why I was there. Earlier that day I had begged my mother to do something about the awful(糟糕的) lunches that were served at school. But she refused because she could not believe the lunches were as bad as I said.
When I turned to father for help, he didn’t say anything. Instead, he brought me to this high tower to give me a lesson. By the time we reached home, I had a plan.
At school the next day, I secretly poured my luncheon（午餐）soup into a bottle and brought it home. Then I asked our cook to serve it to mother at dinner. The plan worked perfectly. She swallowed one spoonful and sputtered（喷溅出）” The cook must have gone mad！” Quickly I told her what I had done, and Mother stated firmly that she would take up the matter of lunches at school the next day!
In the years that followed I often remembered the lesson father taught me. I began to work as a fashion designer two years ago. I wouldn’t stop working until I tried every possible means to my goal. Father’s wise words always remind me that there is more than one way to the square.The author’s father took her to the top of a church tower to _____.
| A．enjoy the beautiful scenery of the whole town |
| B．find out how many ways lead to the square |
| C．inspire her to find out another way to solve her problem |
| D．help her forget some unpleasant things earlier that day |
What did the author want her mother to do earlier that day?
| A．Do something delicious for lunch. |
| B．Taste her awful lunch. |
| C．Dismiss the mad cook. |
| D．Speak to the school about lunch. |
By sharing her own experiences, the author tries to tell us ____________.
| A．when one road is blocked, try another |
| B．how bad the lunch of her school is |
| C．how wise her father is |
| D．about the church tower near her home |
IMAGINE if there was a device that could do everything for you – wake you up every morning, chat with you and type your e-mails.
The piece of technology in question would be smart, able to tell you about the weather and where the nearest restaurants are.
The good thing is you no longer need to wonder, because something like this already exists. And its name is Siri.
Siri is a voice recognition application designed for Apple products and the concept has been around for almost a year.
When Siri first came out it could only speak English, but now it has “learned” lots of new languages, including Chinese, Cantonese and Taiwanese, reported The Wall Street Journal. So, you can give it orders in your mother tongue.
But how could a cell phone or a computer “hear” what you are saying and understand it? This is all because of voice recognition technology.
When you speak, your voice creates vibrations (振动) in the air – a bit like waves in the water when you throw a rock into the lake. The microphone receives the vibrations and the computer changes them into digital data that is then divided into many parts. They are analyzed one by one to see what pronunciations each part stands for. The computer then puts these pronunciations together into possible words according to its built-in dictionary.
But figuring out the words is far from enough; building words into meaningful sentences is the most difficult part. The computer has to compare what it hears to a large library of known phrases and sentences to determine what the user is saying.
However, people don’t always talk in the most standard way and sometimes make grammatical mistakes. This is why traditional voice recognition software always requires you to remember keywords and to speak in a certain way.
Fortunately, Siri isn’t like that. It’s not just “voice recognition”; it’s “natural language understanding (NLU)”. You can ask it things like “Do I need an umbrella today?” and it will know that you are asking about the weather, according to ABC News.
“The key thing is NLU – understanding what you mean and what you want,” Neil Grant from Nuance, a software company in the US, told The Guardian. “Historically, you had to learn a huge long list of commands . As NLU progresses, you can say what you want in a way that’s natural to you.” What is the function of the first two paragraphs?
| A．To show that invention usually results from need. |
| B．To clear doubts about voice recognition technology. |
| C．To introduce something that offers these helpful services. |
| D．To show how the voice recognition works. |
Which step is the most complicated in the process of voice recognition according to the article?
| A．Changing the received vibrations into digital data. |
| B．Analyzing the digital data to see what pronunciations it represents. |
| C．Putting the pronunciations together into possible words. |
| D．Figuring out meaningful sentences based on the words. |
How can you get Siri to respond according to the article?
| A．You can speak in a natural way as you would to a person. |
| B．You can only speak English and Chinese. |
| C．You have to say things in a certain way. |
| D．You have to remember keywords and speak specific commands. |
What can be concluded from the article?
| A．Siri can record and save what you say frequently into a computer dictionary. |
| B．Siri will fail to understand what you say if you make grammatical mistakes. |
| C．The biggest advantage of Siri is that it’s NLU is rather than just voice recognition. |
| D．Since first applied to Apple products a year ago, Siri has made great improvements. |
The text is mainly about ________.
| A．the convenience of future life. |
| B．an introduction to the Apple products. |
| C．the working system of voice recognition |
| D．the introduction to Siri |
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