Recently a new science behind incentives(激励), _ (include) in education, has been discussed. For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children
_ __ (do) better in school. _
_ _ some cases, he gave students incentives based on input(输入), like reading certain books, while in _
_ _, the incentives
_ (base) on output, like results on exams. His main
_ _ (find) was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output. Fryer’s conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be
_ ____ (effect) because students do not know how to do better on an exam, apart from general rules like “study harder”. Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over
_ ___ they have much more control.
As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have _ __ much higher chance of success. And it’s easier to start again
_ you fail, because you know exactly what you need to do.
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What do people do with their old, out of date but still useful computers? Most people don’t know to do with them. Many old computers are put away in homes. Many more
(throw) away as rubbish.
Finally, some companies are thinking of ways (bring) down the number of old computers. Sony has agreed to help recycle old Sony products. Dell, Hewlett Packard and other
(company) now also take back some old computers.
In some countries, laws have been passed, too. Computer companies have to pay for collecting and (recycle) their used products. And 70% of computer waste must be recycled. The idea behind the laws
(be) that computer companies themselves should pay for the cost. That will encourage them to make computers
(easy) to repair and upgrade (升级).
Yet while many people are throwing away good computers, others cannot afford at all. Hundreds of organizations are working to solve this problem. They collect and repair old computers. Some also teach others how to repair computers.
computers then go to schools, charities (慈善团体) and people who need them. Giving a used computer to one of these organizations can turn one person’s rubbish
someone else's useful things and cut down waste, too.
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A
History is one long story, or (real), a lot of stories of competing narratives (叙述),
about the people who shaped the world we live in.
Family history can give people a sense of history that is much personal than hearing about far‑off events about
(stranger). Telling your family history is a great way for the younger members of your family
(learn) some history and really understand and connect with it.
For example, it’s much more meaningful to discover the Great Depression meant that your grandparents didn’t taste butter until
were in their teens than to hear an abstract fact that the Great Depression meant rationing (定量配给). You feel much more
(connect) to a story about your uncle’s experience of living in France than a book about it.
(tell) stories of people that you knew or ancestors
stories you know is a powerful way to help young people feel a connection to those who came before them, family and otherwise, linking the stories of the past
their own experience of the present and imaginings of the future.
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In this constantly changing world, how to put the knowledge (gain) every day into
(real) has interested numerous people. As a proverb goes, “Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key
it.” Apparently, this saying
(try) to deliver the message
we ought not to stop practicing it if we
(true) want to master the knowledge we learn,
There are several reasons (account) for this statement. To begin with, human beings are forgetful beings; therefore, only when we use knowledge, make
(mistake), and try to use it again will we be able to remember it by our heart. Moreover, knowledge has become growingly complicated and we can seldom grasp the essence of it if we do not practice it again and again.
Practicing, to sum up, (be) of greatest importance for those who are determined to learn knowledge well. As a student, I hope that the young can focus more attention on practicing
they learn.
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Do you have sleeping problems？Then these tips may help you fall asleep fast.
Set aside the thoughtyou have to fall asleep. The more you think
it, the more you can't sleep.
The foods you eat also play important part. Avoid eating or drinking foods or things like chocolates, coffee, tea and energy drinks. If you have to, then have them in the morning and never in the afternoon,
(especial) before going to bed. Don't eat too much at night ft full stomach will make you more difficult
(fall) asleep because your body is working～time to digest the food you ate.
Make a (fix) time when to go to bed. For example, by 9 o'clock in the evening you should already be in bed. Do this even if you're not sleepy yet. Once
(follow) this routine, you will gradually See that you feel
(sleep) when it's 9 o'clock.
Make your room comfortable for sleeping. You should also take note that the sleeping environment also affects you sleep. It must be in the room it's not noisy. Dtherwise, you-will find
difficult to fall asleep again after waking up.
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Nowadays, English is widely spoken by more and more people all over the world. _________(actual), English has changed and developed over time. Between AD 450 and 1150, English was based more
____ German than English we speak now. Then between about AD 800 and 1150, the new settlers enriched English and especially its
_______. So by the 1600’s Shakespeare used a
_______(wide) vocabulary than ever before. After that, English began
___________(speak) in both British and Australia. Finally by the 19th century the language was settled. Two big changes in English spelling happened. Now English is spoken
a foreign or second language in South Africa. For example, many people in India speak English
_______(fluent). English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries such
_____South Africa. Today the number of people learning English in China
____(be) increasing rapidly. Because of that, there are different Englishes in the world, the native English speakers can understand each other even
___they don’t speak the same kind of English.
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