Recently a new science behind incentives(激励), ___ (include) in education, has been discussed. For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children _
__ (do) better in school. ___
_ some cases, he gave students incentives based on input(输入), like reading certain books, while in
___, the incentives _
(base) on output, like results on exams. His main _
_ (find) was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output. Fryer’s conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be
____ (effect) because students do not know how to do better on an exam, apart from general rules like “study harder”. Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over
___ they have much more control.
As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have __ much higher chance of success. And it’s easier to start again
you fail, because you know exactly what you need to do.