Camping wild is a wonderful way to experience the natural world and, at its best, it makes little environmental influence. But with increasing numbers of people wanting to escape into the wilderness, it is becoming more and more important to camp unobtrusively (不引人注目地) and leave no mark.
Wild camping is not permitted in many places, particularly in crowded lowland Britain. Wherever you are, find out about organizations responsible for managing wild spaces, and contact them to find out their policy on camping and shelter building. For example, it is fine to camp wild in remote parts of Scotland, but in England you must ask the landowner’s permission, except in national parks.
Camping is about having relaxation, sleeping outdoors, experiencing bad weather, and making do without modern conveniences. A busy, fully equipped campsite(野营地) seems to go against this, so seek out smaller, more remote places with easy access to open spaces and perhaps beaches. Better still, find a campsite with no road access：walking in makes a real adventure.
Finding the right spot to camp is the first step to guaranteeing a good night’s sleep. Choose a campsite with privacy(隐秘) and minimum（最小的） influence on others and the environment. Try to use an area where people have obviously camped before rather than creating a new spot.
When camping in woodland, avoid standing dead trees, which may fall on a windy night. Avoid animal runs and caves, and possible homes of biting insects. Make sure you have most protection on the windward(迎风的) side. If you make a fire, do so downwind of your shelter. Always consider what influence you might have on the natural world. Avoid damaging plants. A good campsite found, not made—changing it should be unnecessary.You needn’t ask for permission when camping in________.
| A．national parks in England |
| B．most parts of Scotland |
| C．crowded lowland Britain |
| D．most parts of England |
The author thinks that a good campsite is one________.
| A．with easy access | B．used previously（以前） |
| C．with modern conveniences | D．far away from beaches |
The last paragraph mainly deals with________.
| A．protecting animals |
| B．building a campfire |
| C．camping in woodland |
| D．finding a campsite with privacy |
The passage is mainly about________.
| A．the protection of campsites |
| B．the importance of wild camping |
| C．the human influence on campsites |
| D．the dos and don’ts of wild camping |
If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame．Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores．Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion．When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that the has nothing to wear．
Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste．Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn．Women who can not afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering（改变） the dresses they have．Skirls are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on．
No one can claim that the fashion industry contribulea anything really important to society．
Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability．They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right．There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high —heeled shoes．
When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious．Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonder, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers．Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide．Designers and big stores always make money _____．
| A．by constantly changing the fashions in women's clothing |
B．by mercilessly exploiting wom en workers in the clothing industry |
| C．because they are able to predict new fashions for the coming season |
| D．because they attach great importance to quality of women’s clothing |
To the writer, the fact that woman alter their old fashioned dresses is seen as .
| A．a waste of money | B．an expression of taste |
| C．a waste of time | D．an expression of creativity |
According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
| A．The fashion industry makes an important contribution to society |
| B．The constant changes in women’s clothing reflect their strength of characters |
| C．Fashion designs should not be encouraged since they are only welcomed by women |
| D．New fashions in clothing are created for the commercial exploitation of women |
By saying “the conclusions to be drawn are obvious”, the writer means that .
| A．women are better able to put up with discomfort |
| B．men are more reasonable in the matter of fashion |
| C．men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers |
| D．women’s inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed at |
“NOW I just don’t believe that.” Surely all of us, at some point, have watched a movie and thought: It’s simply badly researched, or, the makers must think we’re idiots (白痴). Recently, the British newspaper The Daily Telegraph ran a humorous piece on unconvincing tech moments from some top movies. Let’s see what all the fuss is about.
Telegraph writer Tom Chiver’s first example is from the end-of-the-world movie Independence Day, in which a character comes up with a virus capable of destroying Windows, the computer system the alien spacecraft uses. “It’s a good thing they didn’t have Norton Antivirus (诺顿防火墙)”, jokes Chivers.
It’s just one case of a movie that takes a lot of license with its science. Another one Chivers mentions is from Star Wars, where glowing beams of light traveling through space look very impressive. The problem is that in space there are no air particles for the light to reflect off. In re
ality, they’d be invisible, which wouldn’t look so cool on the big screen.
Chiver’s second piece of Star Wars nonsense is the sound the fighters make in the movies: “the bellow (咆哮) of an elephant mixed with a car driving on a wet road”. But sound needs a medium to travel through, like air. In space, there wouldn’t actually be any sound at all.
Few people would deny that the mind-bending Matrix films make for great viewing, but for Chivers, the science in the movies is a little silly. He comments “…the film is based on the idea that humans are kept alive as electricity generator. This is not just unlikely – it’s fundamentally impossible. They would need more energy to stay alive than they would produce. It’s like saying you’ll power your car with batteries, and keep the batteries charged by running a dynamo (发电机) from the wheels.”
And finally, as Chivers points out, DNA is not replaceable. But this bit of elementary genetics passed the makers of the 2002 Bond film Die Another Day by. In the film the bad guy has “gene therapy” to change his appearance and his DNA, which is completely impossible.What does the underlined sentence mean?
| A．The virus created by the character is capable of destroying spacecrafts. |
| B．Aliens’ using Windows system is totally unconvincing plot. |
| C．The spacecraft should have Norton Antivirus. |
| D．Norton Antivirus can stop a virus. |
We can learn from the example of the Star Wars that .
| A．in space, you can not hear anything |
| B．light beams travel via air particle in space |
| C．Chiver thinks the sound of the fighters is vivid |
| D．the invisible light beams are impressive in the movies |
Chiver uses the example of car batteries in Matrix to imply that .
| A．the basic idea of the film is rather ridiculous |
| B．the science in the movies is very convincing |
| C．the idea that humans can be kept alive as electricity generator is right |
| D．humans would stay alive as long as they would produce enough energy |
We can learn from the movie Die Another Day that .
| A．the idea of gene therapy is creative |
| B．the element of DNA should not be used |
| C．the makers of the 2002 Bond use the genetic technology |
| D．DNA can be replaced but in the real world it is impossible |
Why did Chiver write this passage?
A．To prove all these films are makin g mistakes. |
| B．To show his great concern for the movie industry. |
| C．To joke about some movies in the movie industry. |
| D．To call for the audience to find out mistakes from the movies. |
I have a painfully vivid memory of my first homecoming from college, in December 1983. After three whole months away, I was back home with my brand new opinions, attitudes and tastes. How could they watch such terrible television programs? I, the English Literature major with Shakespeare and Milton and James Joyce, could hardly bear to sleep under the roof of a house whose few bookshelves held thrillers and bound editions of the Reader’s Digest. I’m sure my family was glad to see the back of me when, at the end of the holiday, I packed up my books and headed back up to university in the north of England.
But the next year must have been even more painful to my parents: I didn’t show up at all. Now, I don’t think there’s anything wrong with young people spending a little time away from their families and with their friends. It’s part of growing up, something you need to do if you are to become properly independent. However, if you’re not going to be home for the festival, you should at least have the decency to telephone and say you’re not coming.
In English we have an expression, “wet behind the ears.” A person who is wet behind the ears is so immature, that they don’t know how to dry the back of their head after a bath. Just before the following year’s holiday I fell ill, quite seriously so. I’m sure my own behavior contributed to my getting sick: staying out too late, not eating properly—perhaps you know someone like the person I was then. I lay in bed with a fever, feeling very sorry for myself.
I’m sure you can guess who came to my rescue. My long-suffering parents got in their car and sped up the motorway to rescue their son from the consequences of his own irresponsibility.
I hope I’m a better son now; if not, it’s getting a little late in the day if I want to change. I’ve worked in China for nearly 10 years and so I don’t get to see them as often as I like, but my parents are online all the time so we talk many times each week. And this Spring Festival I will be flying back to England for a visit.
I’m really looking forward to it.What can we learn from the first paragraph?
| A．The author liked reading thrillers and the Reading Digest. |
| B．The author couldn’t fall asleep in a house with few books. |
| C．The author thought his parents were happy to see him back. |
| D．The author didn’t seem to share the same tastes with his parents. |
What can we learn from the second paragraph?
| A．The next year the author’s parents were very happy to see him. |
| B．The author went to see his parents during the second year in college. |
| C．If you aren’t going to spent an important day with your family, inform them in advance. |
| D．To leave away from family is not a proper way if you want to gain some independency. |
If you are a person who is wet behind the ears, you are .
| A．old and experienced | B．young and inexperienced |
| C．young and experienced | D．mature and experienced |
We can infer from the last two paragraphs that .
| A．the author thinks he has become a good son |
| B．the author will be with his family the next Spring Festival |
| C．the author will not change himself to a better one because it is too late |
| D．the author keeps in touch with his parents through the Internet regularly |
What would be the best title for the text?
| A．Pleasant memories about Christmas |
| B．Horrible things happened in the past |
| C．Interesting memories about Christmas |
| D．Share with you some of my Ghosts of Christmas Past |
Teaching and research are supported by the University’s extensive collections—the Yale University Art Gallery, the Yale Center for British Art, the Peabody Museum of Natural History, and the Collection of Musical Instruments. All the collections are open to the public.
Yale University Art Gallery
The Yale University Art Gallery, founded in 1832, today houses a collection that has grown to rank with those of the major public art museums in the United States. Its two connected buildings house ancient, medieval, and Renaissance art, Near and Far Eastern art, archaeological material from the University’s excavations (古迹), Pre-Columbian and African art, works of European and American masters from actually every period, and a rich collection of modern art. Across the street, the Yale Center for British Art, which was opened in 1977, holds the largest collection of British art and illustrated books anywhere outside the United Kingdom.
Peabody Museum of Natural History
Yale’s Peabody Museum of Natural History, founded in 1866, contains one of the great scientific collections in North America. Among its holdings are the University’s comprehensive mineralogical and ornithological collections, the second-largest repository of dinosaur artifacts in the United States, and the largest undamaged Apatosaurus (Brontosaurus 雷龙) in the world. The Peabody is truly a working museum, where public exhibition, research, conservation, teaching, and learning intersect (贯穿).
Yale Center for British Art
Institutions like the Art Gallery, the Center for British Art, and the Peabody Museum hold only a portion of the treasures in the University’s collections. From paintings by Picasso, to pterodactyl (翼龙) remains, to a 1689 tenor viol in the Collection of Musical Instruments, Yale’s possessions are meant to be accessible to the communities they enrich.
Collection of Musical Instruments
Exhibitions are also frequently mounted (裱贴) at the following venues on campus: Art + Architecture Gallery (School of Architecture), Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Green Hall Gallery (School of Art), and Sterling Memorial Library, including the Arts of the Book Collection.Which of the following cannot be found in the Yale University Art Gallery?
| A．Near and Far Eastern art. |
| B．Pre-Columbian and African art |
| C．British art and illustrated books. |
| D．Works of European and American masters. |
Where will you go if you want to enjoy dinosaur artifacts?
| A．Peabody Museum of Natural History. |
| B．Collection of Musical Instruments. |
| C．Yale University Art Gallery. |
| D．Yale Center for British Art. |
Which of the following has the longest history according to the passage?
| A．Yale Center for British Art. |
| B．Yale University Art Gallery. |
| C．Peabody Museum of Natural History. |
| D．A musical instrument named tenor viol. |
We can learn from the passage that in Yale, ______.
| A．collections are partly open to the public |
| B．there are many venues just for exhibitions |
| C．collections are from art museums in the US |
| D．exhibitions are frequently mounted on campus |
What is the text mainly about?
| A．Introduction to Yale University. | B．Introduction to collections in Yale. |
| C．Introduction to venues in Yale. | D．Introduction to art works in Yale. |
We've all heard the old saying，“Sticks and stones can break my bones，but words can never hurt me.” Don't you believe it？Words are powerful，and they can hurt—a lot. In fact，if you're not
careful，you can even hurt yourself，by using the wrong word in your writing.
Recently a friend sent me a copy of an e-mail she received from the customer service department of her credit card company，after she contacted them with a question about her account. She was happy with their positive response. But as I read the e-mail，one line jumped out at me：“In lieu of good customer service...”
Did they really mean they were offering her a few extra reward points instead of good customer service？I doubt it. More likely，what the customer service department meant to say was，“Because good customer service is important to us...” followed by the details of what they were doing to make sure she remained a happy customer.
So why didn't the writer say that？I can only guess that perhaps the writer liked the phrase “in lieu of”，thought it sounded more interesting than saying “because”，and so used it—without bothering to check the true meaning.
Have you ever done that？Try to impress others with a big word，only to find out you've used the word incorrectly？It's just the opposite effect，isn't it？You may impress people all right，but it's not the impression you were going for.
When you write，remember to choose your words carefully. People may still disagree with what you say，but they won't be able to dismiss you because you made careless mistakes in how you said it.What's the writer's purpose in giving the saying?
| A．To amuse the reader. | B．To persuade the reader. |
| C．To support a conclusion. | D．To lead to the topic. |
What does the phrase “in lieu of” most probably mean?
| A．Because of | B．In honour of | C．Instead of | D．In favour of |
According to the writer，the customer service department ______.
| A．didn't prefer to use familiar words to attract customers |
| B．didn't express what they really meant |
| C．didn't need to offer their customers extra reward points |
| D．succeeded in impressing their customers |
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