阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。
E
When several different people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things：when you alone observe one behaviour or one person at two different times, you may see different things. The following are some of the factors that lead to these varying perceptions(感知)．
Each person's perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning, education, and personal experience.
1. Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we've observed. It is not necessarily true that a person's perceptions is based on observations of a particular person. You observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may focus primarily on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same yardstick(标准)to measure their parents, their friends and strangers.
2．Sometimes we see only what we want to see that may be observe(对应面)to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary(临时的)emotional states. This is a process known as selective perception. Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory(矛盾的)information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore the stimulus——“He's basically a good boy, so what I saw was not shoplifting.”We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information—“All kids get into mischief. Taking a book from the bookstore isn't such a big deal.”We can change the meaning of the contradictory information—“It wasn't shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later.”Observations of the same person by two people at the same time may differ because________.
| A．their yardsticks are not the same |
| B．either of them may be slow to catch information |
| C．the time for observation is not long enough |
| D．each of them uses different languages to express his or her impressions |
The underlined word “ignore” in paragraph 4 means to________.
| A．understand something |
| B．try to do something |
| C．pay no attention to something |
| D．know something better |
The worst thing in selective perception is that________.
| A．perceived information runs against your desire |
| B．facts can be totally ignored and distorted(扭曲) |
| C．importance of contradictory information can be overrated(估计过高) |
| D．the same information may not be dealt with in the same way |
One day the employees of a large company in St Louis, Missouri returned from their lunch break and were greeted with a sign on the front door. The sign said: "Yesterday the person who has been hindering ((阻碍) your growth in this company passed away. We invite you to join the funeral (葬礼) in the room that has been prepared in the gym."
At first everyone was sad to hear that one of their colleagues had died, but after a while they started getting curious about who this person might be.
The excitement grew as the employees arrived at the gym to pay their last respects. Everyone wondered: "Who is this person that was hindering my progress? Well, at least he's no longer here."
One by one the employees got closer to the coffin (棺材) and when they looked inside it they became speechless. They stood over the coffin, shocked and in silence, as if someone had touched the deepest part of their soul.
There was a mirror inside the coffin: Everyone who looked inside it could see himself. There was also a sign next to the mirror that said: "There is only one person who can set limits to your growth: it is YOU."
You are the only person who can revolutionize (彻底改变) your life. You are the only person who can influence your happiness, your realization and your success. You are the only person who can help yourself.
Your life does not change when your family changes, when your friends change, when your boss changes, and when your company changes.
Your life changes when YOU change, when you go beyond your limiting beliefs, when you realize that you are the only one responsible for your life.
60. The writer's purpose in writing the article is to tell us that ____.
A. the harder we work, the more successful we will become
B. our work and life are closely connected with others
C. changing our lives is down to us
D. we will have a better future if people do not hinder our development
61. People were speechless when they looked inside the coffin because ____.
A. there was nothing but a mirror inside B. they could see their own souls inside
C. their closest colleague lay inside D. what was inside told a great truth
62. Who probably wrote the sign on the front door?
A. The company boss. B. A worker who liked to make fun of others.
C. The director in charge of production. D. A worker who wanted to teach others a lesson.
63. What can we conclude from the article?
A. The employees went to the gym to join the funeral.
B. The lesson the employees learned would influence them greatly.
C. The employees’ lives depended on the attitude of their boss.
D. The employees got angry after the funeral.
In this age of Internet chat, videogames and reality television, there is no shortage of mindless activities to keep a child occupied. Yet, despite the competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories. She wants to enter one of her stories into a writing contest, a competition she won last year.
As a writer I know about winning contests, and about losing them. I know what it is like to work hard on a story only to receive a rejection slip from the publisher. I also know the pressure of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous victories. What if she doesn't win the contest again? That's the strange thing about being a parent. So many of our own past scars and dashed hopes can surface.
A revelation (启示) came last week when I asked her, "Don't you want to win again?" "No," she replied, "I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade."
I had just spent weeks correcting her stories as she spontaneously (自发地) told them. Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales. The story about a fearful angel starting first grade was quickly "guided" by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson. I had turned her contest into my contest without even realizing it.
Staying back and giving kids space to grow is not as easy as it looks. Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting(借用) my daughter's experience.
While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough a way to give her room but close enough to help if asked. All the while I will be reminding myself that children need room to experiment, grow and find their own voices.
68. What do we learn from the first paragraph?
A. A lot of entertainments compete for children's time nowadays.
B. Rebecca is much too occupied to enjoy her leisure time.
C. Children do find lots of fun in many mindless activities.
D. Rebecca draws on a lot of online materials for her writing.
69. What did the author say about her own writing experience?
A. She did not quite live up to her reputation as a writer.
B. Her way to success was full of pains and frustrations.
C. She was constantly under pressure of writing more.
D. Most other stories had been rejected by publishers.
70. The author took great pains to correct her daughter's stories because ______.
A. she wanted to help Rebecca realize her dreams of becoming a writer
B. she was afraid Rebecca's imagination might run wild while writing
C. she did not want to disappoint Rebecca who needed her help so much
D. she believed she had the knowledge and experience to offer guidance
71. What's the author's advice for parents?
A. Children should be given every chance to voice their opinions.
B. Parents should keep an eye on the activities their kids engage in.
C. Children should be allowed freedom to grow through experience.
D. A writing career, though attractive, is not for every child to pursue.
Today's teens have a knowledge of the Internet that often surpasses that of their parents. Because so many teens are Internet savvy, it is important that they also have an understanding of the dangers that exist online and how to deal with them. Watch teens share their own "Real-Life Stories" about issues affecting them on the Internet such as cyberbullying (网络欺凌), online enticement, and giving out too much personal information.
| NSTeens - Terrible text |
| Some teens say and do terrible things to each other online because they don’t see the direct effects of their actions. So what should you do if you're cyberbullied? Watch the NSTeens in their latest video, "Terrible text," about a young girl who is troubled when a cyberbully sends mean text messages to her cell phone at all hours of the day and night. Visit NSTeens.org. |
| NetSmartz411 |
| NetSmartz411 is a parent and guardian's premier, online resource for learning about Internet safety, computers, and the Web. Search our knowledge base for answers to all of your questions about the online world! If you can’t find what you’re looking for, use the "Ask the Experts tab to send us a question. Your question will be answered by professionals who know a lot about Internet safety —— the real-life analysts at the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children. We handle daily reports about the online exploitation of children; and we 11 show you the steps you can take to keep the children and teens in your life safer online. Visit NetSmartz411.org. |
| CyberTipline Report |
| The CyberTipline is the place to report any incidents of Internet exploitation. If you find yourself in a situation where you need help, visit www.cybertipline.com and make a report. If you fear that you are in immediate danger, contact your local law enforcement (执法部门). |
| Real-Life Stories |
| Watch real-life stories told by teens who have been victims of Internet exploitation. Real-Life Stories |
| NetSmartzKids |
| Are you concerned about your younger siblings' (兄弟姐妹 )safety online? Visit www. NetSmartzKids.org with them to help them learn how to avoid the dangers that exist on the Internet. |
64. The ad is intended for ___________.
A. kids loving to play games online
B. only victims of Internet use
C. kids and their parents who want to learn about the safety online
D. pre-school students who know little about Internet
65. If you visit the website, you can ________.
A. share your friends "Real-life Stories about issues affecting them on the Internet
B. have an understanding of the dangers that exist online and how to deal with them
C. say and do terrible things to each other online
D. ask for help when you have difficulty with your study
66. If you visit www.cybertipline.com, you can __________.
A. contact your local law enforcement
B. search our knowledge base for answers to all of your questions about the online world
C. report any incident of Internet use
D. help your siblings learn how to avoid the dangers that exist on the Internet.
67. Which of the following stories you can share on the Real-Life Stories?
A. Teen murdered by man she met in chat room.
B. Problem of losing weight.
C. Left home alone.
D. Hurt by second hand smoke in the Internet cafe.
第三部分 阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C．和D)中，选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Amelia Earhart's (1897-1937) childhood was not the typical girl's. She liked nothing better than to explore the banks of the Missouri River, where she climbed trees and hunted rats with her rifle (步枪). She also built her own roller coaster(过山车 ).
The exciting life of the American aviation (航空)pioneer is dramatized in the movie Amelia, which is due to come out on October 23.
After Earhart paid a pilot $1 to take her up for a short fly in his plane, aviation became her love and career.
As she later explained, "Never do things others can do and will do, if there are things others cannot do or will not do."
Earhart found herself a flying teacher and started to learn to fly. She took all sorts of jobs to pay for the lessons and to buy a second-hand plane on her 24th birthday.
In 1932, Earhart flew solo (单独的) across the Atlantic. She became the first woman to make the solo crossing. She also made a flying suit for women and went on to design other clothes for women who led active lives. "Now and then women should do for themselves what men have already done —— occasionally what men have not done ——thereby establishing themselves as persons, and perhaps encouraging other women toward greater independence of thought and action, she said.
When she was nearly 40, Earhart was ready for a final challenge—to be the first woman to fly around the world. However, in mid-flight, she and her navigator (导航员) disappeared in bad weather.
Earhart will be forever remembered as a brave pioneer for both aviation and for women.
56. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A. A movie about Earhart’s exciting life has come out.
B. Earhart never did things others could and would do.
C. Earhart’s love for aviation came after she flew a plane for a short time.
D. In Earhart's opinion, women should think and act more independently.
57. The underlined word in paragraph 2 means ____.
A. presented B. adopted C. published D. created
58. From the passage we can know that ____.
A. Earhart showed most interest in adventure trips to the Missouri River during her childhood
B. Earhart s ambition was to fly across the Atlantic
C. Earhart challenged herself constantly
D. Besides flying, Earhart also designed planes and clothes
59. You can probably find this article in ____.
A. a booklet B. a newspaper C. a guide book D. an advertisement
We all have ideas about what kinds of foods are good to eat. We also have ideas about what kinds of foods are bad to eat. As a result, people from one culture often think the foods that people from another culture eat are nauseating(令人作呕的).When the famous boxer Muhammad Ali visited Africa, for example, one member of his group became quite sick when he saw someone pick up a butterfly and eat it. Many people would find it disgusting to eat rats, but there are forty-two different cultures whose people regard rats as appropriate food.
Food likes and dislikes do not always seem related to nutrition. For example, broccoli is first on a list of the most nutritious common vegetables, but it is twenty-first on a list of vegetables that Americans like most to eat. Tomatoes are sixteenth on the list of most nutritious vegetables, but they are first on the list of vegetables that Americans like most to eat.
But dislike is not the only reason why some cultures will not eat a certain food. In some cultures, certain foods are taboo. Some foods are taboo in certain religions, but there are also other food taboos that are not connected to a religion. We do not usually think about why certain things are taboo in our culture. We may not even know why they are taboo. Anthropologists(人类学家) try to discover the hidden reasons for taboos.
Anthropologists believe that most food likes and dislikes are a result of the ways of life of different people. Some people live in areas where there are both large animals and many insects. It is difficult for these people to kill large animals, and it requires a lot of energy. It is easier for them to use insects for food because it is not difficult to catch insects and it does not require a lot of energy. Nomadic(游牧的) people who move around will not want to keep pigs for food. People will not eat pets such as dogs. Americans eat a lot of beef because there is plenty of land for raising cattle and the me
at can be shipped cheaply for long distances by railroads. What’s the main topic of this passage?
| A．Food and religion. | B．Food and culture. |
| C．Nutrition of different foods. | D．Different ways of life. |
Which of the following statements is TRUE about food likes and dislikes?
| A．They are seldom related to nutrition. |
| B．They are mostly associated with people’s taste. |
| C．They are mostly connected with people’s life styles. |
| D．They are usually related to cultures or religions. |
The underlined word “taboo” (Line 3, Para. 3) refers to _____.
| A．something undiscovered | B．certain religions |
| C．something forbidden | D．certain foods |
What can we infer from the passage?
| A．It is believed that brcoccoli is more nutritious than tomatoes. |
| B．Americans prefer tomatoes to beef. |
| C．People in Inner Mongolia would probably like to keep pigs for food. |
| D．The famous boxer Muhamm Ali would like to eat rat rather than butterfly. |
Why do Americans prefer to eat beef?
| A．Because beef provides a lot of energy people require. |
| B．Because beef is on the list of the most nutritious foods. |
| C．Because they have the ideal condition to keep and ship cattle. |
| D．Because cattle are large animals. |
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