The private automobile(私家车)has long played an important role in the United States. In fact, it has become a necessary and important part of the American way of life. In 1986, sixty-nine percent of American families owned at least one car, and thirty-eight percent had more than one. By giving workers rapid transportation, the automobile has freed them from having to live near their place of work. This has encouraged the growth of the cities, but it has also led to traffic problems.
For farm families the automobiles is very helpful. It has made it possible for them to travel to town very often for business and for pleasure, and also to transport their children to distant schools.
Family life has been affected(影响)in various ways. The car helps to keep families together when it is used for picnics, outings, and other shared experiences. However, when teenager children have the use of the car, their parents can't keep an eye on them. There is a great danger if the driver has been drinking alcohol or taking drugs—or is “showing off” by speeding or breaking other traffic laws. Mothers of victims(受害者)of such accidents have formed an organization called MADD(Mothers Against Drunk Driving). These women want to prevent further tragedies(悲剧). These women want to prevent further tragedies(悲剧). They have worked to encourage the government to limit the youngest drinking age. Students have formed a similar organization SADD(Student Against Drunk Driving)and are spreading the same message among their friends.
For many Americans the automobile is a necessity. But for some, it is also a mark of social position and for young people, a sign of becoming an adult. Altogether, cars mean very much to Americans.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?
| A．Cars have encouraged the growth of the cities. |
| B．Cars can bring families together when they go for picnics. |
| C．Cars have enabled people to live far from their place for work. |
| D．Cars help city families to transport their children to faraway schools. |
What has been done to deal with the problem of drunk driving?
| A．Parents have paid more attention to their children. |
| B．Some organizations have been set up against drunk driving. |
| C．Mothers have tried to persuade their children not to drink alcohol. |
| D．University students have asked the government to solve the problem. |
We can infer from the text that________in American.
| A．it will be more difficult for people to get new cars |
| B．parents will not allow their children to have their own cars |
| C．the government will encourage people to use public transportation |
| D．cars will still be popular though they have caused many problems |
Sports medicine experts have observed for years that athletes such as long distance runners, especially women athletes, often display a lack of iron. Now a new study by a team of Purdue University researchers suggests that even moderate exercise may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women.
"We found that women who were normally inactive and then started a program of moderate exercise of middle degree showed sings of iron loss," says Roseanne M. Lyle, associate professor at Purdue. Her study of 62 formerly inactive women who began exercising three times a week for six months was published in the journal Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.
Iron deficiency is very common among women in general, affecting one in four female teenagers and one in five women aged 18 to 45, respectively. But the ratio is even greater among active women, affecting up to 80 percent of female endurance athletes. This means, Lyle says, that "too many women ignore the amount of iron they take in". Women of child-bearing age are at greatest risk, since their monthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss. Plus, many health-conscious women increase their risk by rejecting red meat, which contains the most easily absorbed form of iron. And because women often restrict their diet in an effort to control weight, they may not consume enough iron-rich food, and are liable to experience a deficiency.
Exercise can result in iron loss through a variety of mechanisms. Some iron is lost in sweat, and, for unknown reasons, intense endurance exercise is sometimes associated with bleeding of the digestive system. Athletes in high-impact sports such as running may also lose iron through a phenomenon where small blood vessels in the feet leak blood.
There are three stages of iron deficiency. The first and most common is having low iron reserves, a condition that typically has no symptoms. Fatigue and poor performance may begin to appear in the second stage of deficiency, when not enough iron is present to form the molecules(分子) of blood protein that transport oxygen to the working muscles. In the third and final stage, people often feel weak, tired, and out of breath - and exercise performance is severely compromised.
"People think that if they're not at the third stage, nothing is wrong, but that's not true," says John L. Beard, who helped design the Purdue study. "You're not stage 3 until your iron reserves go to zero, and if you wait until that point, you're in trouble."
Beard and other experts say it’s advisable for people to have a yearly blood test. If iron levels are low, talk with a physician to see if the deficiency should be corrected by changing your diet and taking iron-rich foods or by taking iron-added pills.
“Select breads and cereals with the words ‘iron-added’ on the label,” writes sports diet expert Nancy Clark. “This added iron supplements the small amount that naturally occurs in grains.” Clark also recommends cooking in iron pans, as food can obtain iron from the pan during the cooking process.
64．Which of the following may be the title for the passage?
| A．Science, sports and exercise |
| B．Correct iron deficiency |
| C．Women, Iron and exercise |
| D．Women, health and exercise |
65．The third paragraph is developed mainly by .
| A．organizing the details according to the order of time |
| B．presenting the result followed by specific causes |
| C．beginnign with details followed by a general statement |
| D．making comparisons ad contrasts |
66．What does it mean when you are in the third stage of iron defieiency?
| A．Nothing serious though you don’t have much iron stored in the body. |
| B．There is not enough iron to form the molecules of blood protein to transport oxygen. |
| C．The small blood vessels in your reet are beginnig to leak blood. |
| D．No iron is ldft in your body and you would be in trouble without urgent measures. |
67．What is the writer’s attitude in writing this passage?
| A．Defensive. | B．Persuasive. | C．Supportive. | D．Objective. |
Nothing says love like a dozen long – stemmed roses on Valentine’s Day. More than a million roses will be sold during this festival for lovers, the biggest day of the year for the nation’s rose industry. It’s going to remain the most popular flower because love never goes out of style.
Yes, a rose is a rose is a rose. But selling them is no longer a beautiful experience for traditional flower shops. Supermarkets now offer convenience to the busy and discount rose shops help those hopelessly in love save money. Roses only is a good example of a discount rose retailer that was transformed from a traditional shop to answer the challenge in the’ 90s.
Inside this store on Sixth Avenue near 40 th Street, contemporary white furniture and wall – to – wall mirrors give it an expensive look. Customers move about freely among the counters, looking eagerly at the roses in more than 50 colors from shelf to shelf. Some customers say it’s the high quality of the roses that attracts them there. “I spent $ 20 but the flowers looked like I paid 60 or 70 dollars,” says one customer.
Studies show more people are buying roses in ones, two and threes these days. In fact, more than half of all roses are sold in bunches of fewer than a dozen. But Roses Only's low prices encourage people to spend. Even on Valentine's Day, when the price of a dozen roses and delivery can soar as high as $150, 12 of Roses Only's most expensive flowers sell for just $35. The company's key to success is to hold prices down by controlling every link in the rose chain. It grows its own roses in the sunshine of the Andes Mountains. In addition, the company also sells other items such as ballons and stuffed animals.
While discount rose retailers are witnessing their business bloom, U.S. rose growers aren’t able to compete with the fierce foreign competition. More than 57% of roses sold in the USA are grown in other countries. The biggest foreign producers are Colombia and Ecuador, which accounted for almost 90% of the total imported last year. The trend has hurt domestic rose growers such as Johnson Flowers of California, considered to be this country's leading producer.
Now, instead of fighting overseas rivals, the Johnsons are trying to work with them. "We have a few big fighting overseas rivals, the Johnsons are trying to work with them. “We may also widen our business to include the service area and be a representative for overseas flower producers.”
As a result of severe competition, those in the rose business long for the good old days, whereas ordinary people benefit from the low price.
60．What is the central theme of this text?
| A．The US rose business is going from bad to worse in spite of the efforts made. |
| B．The rose will remain the most popular flower as love never goes out of date. |
| C．The rose business is trying to meet the challenges in the market to succeed. |
| D．The rose industry plays an important role in American economy. |
61．How does Roses Only obtain success in the discount rose retailing field?
| A．By setting up more chain stores across the country. |
| B．By selling roses in supermarkets. |
| C．By selling high quality roses at a low price. |
| D．By selling roses by the dozen. |
|
62．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?(①to ⑦ represent paragraphs 1 to 7)
63．
| A．Selling roses is no longer as easy for traditional flower shops as it was. |
| B．Almost 90% of roses sold in US are imported from Colombia and Ecuador. |
| C．US rose growers are faced with intense foreign competition. |
| D．the Johnsons are trying to co-operate with foreign competitors instead of fighting them. |
The National Outline for Medium and Long Term Education Reform and Development (2010 - 20) was released over the weekend. Here are some of the highlights:
Four – percent effort
The government says spending on education will be 4 percent of GDP by 2012. globally, average spending on education is about 4.5% of GDP. China spend 3,33% in 2008. according to Hu Angang, of Tsinghua University’s Center for China Studies, even if China reaches that goal, it will only rank about 100 th out of 188 countries.
Administrative rank
Administrative rankings for school leaders are to be phased out to tackle the bureaucracy (官僚机构) problem that limits educational development, according to Cheng Fangping, of the national Institute for Educational Research. Areas like teaching programs, scientific research, and technological development will be more independent.
Vocational Education
The system will be free of charge. According to Wu Yan, of Beijing Institute of Educational Sciences, this will be key to developing China’s production capacity and will improve poor people’s lives dramatically.
Entering college
Universities could eventually have the freedom to choose some of their own high school applicants. Normally, students are accepted based on the uniform national exam scores. Also, students who agree to go to a remote area could be admitted to university under special circumstances. The most likely change could come on the college entrance English test, which might be modeled on the IELTS or TOEFL. Students will be able to take it several times and pick their best score.
56．Which of the following is true in the future according to the passage?
| A．Applicants could take the IELTS or TOEFL instead of the college entrance English test. |
| B．Colleges will be given the right to choose all of their own applicants. |
| C．Vocational education will be party free to make people’s lives better. |
| D．Applicants could sit for the college entrance English test more than once. |
57．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to “uniform” in the last paragraph?
| A．formal | B．official | C．same | D．united |
58．We can learn from the passage even though our country spends 4% of GDP on education in 2012, .
| A．there will still be 188 countries ahead of China in this aspect |
| B．China will certainly overtake the global average spending on education |
| C．there might be nearly 100 countries ahead of China in this aspect |
| D．China will be the 100 th country to spend over the global average on education |
59．From the third paragraph, we can infer that .
| A．school leaders will have more freedom to manage the school |
| B．schools will have more limits from the government |
| C．School administrative rankings are to be strengthened to solve the bureaucracy problem |
| D．schools and research centers will be fully independent from the government |
When I was about 12,1 had an enemy, a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings．
Week by week her list grew: I was very thin; I wasn't a good student; I talked too much; I was too proud and so on．I came very angry．1 ran to my father with tears in my eyes．
He listened to me quietly, then he asked, "Are the things she said true or not? Jane, didn't you ever wonder what you're really like? Well, you now have that girl's opinion．Go and make a list of everything she said．and mark the points that are true．Pay no attention to the other things she said．"
I did as he told me．To my great surprise, I discovered that about half of the things were true．Some of them I couldn't change （like being very thin）, but a good number I co-aid and suddenly I wanted to change．For the first time I got a fairly clear picture of myself．
I brought the list back to Daddy．He refused to take it．"That's just for you," he said．"You know better than anyone else, the truth about yourself．But you have to learn to listen, not just closing your ears in anger and feeling hurt．When something said about you is true, you’ll find it will be of help to you．Don't shut y
our ears．Listen to other people's opinions, but hear the tmth and do what you know is the right 'thing to do．"
Daddy's advice has returned to me at many important moments．In my life, I've
never had a better piece of advice．Which do you think would be the best title for this passage?
| A．Not an Enemy, but a Best Friend |
| B．The Best Advice I've Ever Had |
| C．My Father |
| D．My Childhood |
What does "Week by week her list grew" mean?
| A．Week by week, my shortcomings grew more serious． |
| B．She had written down a list of my shortcomings arid kept on adding new ones to it, |
| C．I was having more and more shortcomings as time went on． |
| D．Week by week she discovered more shortcomings of mine and pointed them out． |
Why did her father listen to her quietly?
| A．Because he believed that what her daughter's enemy said was mostly true． |
| B．Because he had teen so angry with his daughter's shortcomings that he wanted to show this by keeping silent for a while． |
| C．Because he knew; that his daughter would not listen to him at that moment． |
| D．Because he wasn’t quite sure which girl was telling the truth． |
What did the father:．do after he heard his daughter's complaint?
| A．He told her not．to．pay any attention to what her "enemy" had said． |
| B．He criticized （批评）her and told her to overcome her shortcomings． |
| C．He told her to write down all that her "enemy" had said about her and pay attention only to the things that were true． |
| D．He refused to take-the list and have a look at it． |
How Long Can People Live?
She took up skating at age 85, made her first movie appearance at age 114, and held a concert in the neighborhood on her 121at birthday.
When it comes to long life, Jeanne Calment is the world’s record holder. She lived to the ripe old age of 122. So is 122 the upper limit to the human life span（寿命）? If scientists come up with some sort of pill or diet that would slow aging, could we possibly make it to 150 or beyond?
Researchers don’t entirely agree on the answers. “Calment lived to 122, so it”
wouldn’t surprise me if someone alive today reaches 130 or 135," says Jerry Shay at the University of Texas．
Steve Austad at the University of Texas agrees．"People can live much longer than we think," he says．"Experts used to say that humans couldn't live past 110．When Calment blew past that age, they raised the number to 120．So why can't we go higher? "
The trouble with guessing how old people can live to be is that it's all just guessing．"Anyone can make up a number," says Rich Miller at the University of Michigan．"Usually the scientist who picks the highest number gets his name in Time magazine．"
Won't new anti-aging techniques keep us alive for centuries? Any cure, says Miller, for aging would probably keep most of us kicking until about 120．Researchers are working on treatments that lengthen the life span of mice by 50 percent at most．So, if the average human life span is about 80 years, says Miller, "adding another 50 percent would get you to 120．"
So what can．we conclude from this little disagreement among the researchers? That life span is flexible, but there is a limit, says George Martin of the University of Washington．"We can get flies to live 50 percent longer," he says．"But a fly's never going to live 150 years．" Of co
urse, if you became a new species, one that ages at a slower speed, that would be a different story, he adds．
Does Martin really believe that humans could evolve （进化） their way to longer life? "It's pretty cool to think about," he says with．a smile．What does the story of Jeanne Calment prove to us?
| A．People can live to 122． |
| B．Old people are creative,, |
| C．Women are sporty at 85． |
| D．Women live longer than men． |
According to Steve Austad at the University of Texas, _____．
| A．the average human life span could be 110 |
| B．scientists cannot find ways to slow aging |
| C．few people can expect to live to over 150 |
| D．researchers are not sure how long people can live |
Who would agree that a scientist, will become famous if he makes the wildest guess at longevity?
| A．Jerry Shay． | B．Steve Austad | C．Rich Miler | D．George Martin |
What can we infer from the last three paragraphs?
A
．Most of us could be good at sports even at 150．
B．The average human life span cannot be doubled
C．Scientists believe mice are aging at a slower speed than before．
D．New techniques could be used to change flies into a new species
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