Children start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy; there is no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your children’s curiosity.
Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven–year-olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence. Finally I said,” Now that we’ve finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science?”
After a long pause, a boy raised his hand, “have you ever seen a grasshopper (蚱蜢) eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why?”
This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.
Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that. After asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical, complete and creative answers.
Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don’t jump in with “That’s right” or “very good”. These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior. But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying, “That’s interesting” or “I’d never thought of it that way before”, or coming up with more questions or ideas.
Never push a child to “think”. It doesn’t make sense; children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What’s more, this can turn a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a small target for your disagreement.
Lastly, show; don’t tell. Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass, and they’ll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates(蒸发), set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.According to the passage, children are natural scientist, and to raise their interest, the most important thing for adults to do is______.
| A．to share the children’s curiosity |
| B．to let them see the world around |
| C．to explain difficult phrases about science |
| D．to supply the children with lab equipment |
In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word “list” could best be replaced by______.
| A．any problems |
| B．questions from the textbooks |
| C．any questions |
| D．any number of questions |
According to the passage, children can answer questions in a more logical, complete and creative way if adults______.
| A．ask them to answer quickly |
| B．wait for one or two seconds after a question |
| C．wait at least for three seconds after a question |
| D．tell them to answer the next day |
In which of the following paragraph(s) does the author tell us what to say to encourage children in a science discussion?
| A．The second and third |
| B．The fifth |
| C．The fifth and sixth |
| D．The fourth and fifth |
The author mentions all of the following techniques for adults to share with their children’s curiosity EXCEPT that adults should______.
| A．encourage their children to ask questions of their own |
| B．offer their children chances to see things for themselves |
| C．be patient enough when their children answer questions |
| D．tell their children stories instead of reciting (背诵) facts |
October 15th is Global Handwashing Day. Activities are planned in more than twenty countries to get millions of people in the developing world to wash their hands with soap.
Experts say people around the world wash their hands but very few use soap at so-called extremely moments. These include after using the toilet，after cleaning a baby and before touching food.
Global Handwashing Day is the idea of the Public Private Partnership for handwashing with soap. The goal，they say，is to create a culture of handwashing with soap. The organizers say all soaps are equally effective at removing disease-causing germs (细菌)．They say the correct way to wash is to wet your hands with a small amount of water and cover them with soap. Rub it into all areas，including under the fingernails. Then，wash well under running water. Finally，dry your hands with a clean cloth.
The Partnership says soap is important because it increases the time that people spend washing. Soap also helps to break up the dirt that holds most of the germs. And it usually leaves a pleasant smell，which increases the chances that people will wash again.
It also says that washing hands with soap before eating and after using the toilet could save more lives than any medicine. It could help reduce cases of diarrhea (痢疾)，which is the second leading cause of child deaths，killing more than one and a half million children a year，by almost half.Which of the following is the right way to wash hands?
a. Washing hands well under running water.
b. Covering hands with soap.
c. Drying hands.
d. Rubbing hands with soap.
e. Wetting hands.
| A．a-c-b-e-d | B．e-d-a-b-c |
| C．a-c-b-d-e | D．e-b-d-a-c |
Which fact can’t explain why soap is important?
| A．It gives people a longer handwashing time. |
| B．It helps to remove a lot of germs from hands. |
| C．It attracts people to do more handwashing. |
| D．It gets all people into the habit of washing hands. |
According to the last paragraph，diarrhea is a disease that______.
| A．kills half of the kids in the developing countries a year |
| B．causes the greatest number of child deaths |
| C．can be prevented to some degree by washing hands with soap |
| D．can’t be cured without washing hands |
Music is often thought of as “easy” or “play time”， but it's not that at all. Music plays a very important part in our education. Students who learn music learn a lot of music history at school. This includes “modes (调式)”，which were used in churches during the development of music. They are still used today. Students learn about the historical events that were taking place when the music they play was written. They learn what the music was used for. So much of our culture is in music and has been for centuries. Music also helps with science. Students use science to help them discover what sounds good together and what doesn't. Students also need science to understand something called the “overtone series”, which is about how music is produced by vibration (颤动) and why. Students learn a lot about languages. Many songs are written in other languages, including ancient ones. Students must learn to translate these works to understand what they are singing about. Some songs are famous poems or short works set to music. Students learn a huge amount of coordination (协调) through music, so parts of the body can work better together. Students must use fine motor skills in order to play an instrument. Singers and players must learn breath control and be in good shape to play.
Students learn about art. Some famous pieces were written about important works of art, and students learn about the artists and styles as they're playing the music. Music education also brings higher thinking to our children. It allows them to think about complex patterns (How can I make my part sound better？How do this music and these different parts fit together？). Students have to know absolutely what every other musician does at all times. In that way, it develops teamwork. As one can see, music is very important to education besides bringing us fun.Learning music is helpful to the following subjects EXCEPT ________．
| A．science | B．language | C．politics | D．history |
Students who learn music have to translate songs ________．
| A．because they are learning the language |
| B．because they must understand what they are singing about |
| C．because the songs are ancient ones |
| D．because they are famous poems |
Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
| A．Modes are still used in modern music. |
| B．Different kinds of music show different cultures. |
| C．It's easier for athletes to learn to play an instrument. |
| D．A good musician should know the importance of teamwork. |
What is the main idea of the passage?
| A．The importance of music. |
| B．The importance of music education. |
| C．Ways to learn music well. |
| D．Skills music students should have. |
The Spring Festival is the biggest festival for Chinese people all around the world. The celebration usually lasts for 15 days. There is a lot to do.
On the eve of the Spring Festival, family members get together and have big meals. Their favourite dish on this day is dumplings.
Days before the Spring Festival, families will clean their homes. People think cleaning sweeps away bad luck. It makes the house ready for good luck.
The colour red is everywhere during the Spring Festival. People think red is a happy colour and will bring them a bright future. People wear red, too. They decorate (装饰) their homes with pieces of red paper. Kids get a lot of "hong bao". It is a red paper bag with money in it. Usually, older people give younger ones“hong bao”. They think it brings good luck.
The Spring Festival is the time to make everybody happy. So don't say any bad words or do anything that will bring unhappiness to other people.
For instance, you'd better not say any bad words like "death". Don't break anything. People think that it means your luck is running out.
Also, don't borrow or lend money on these days. If you have borrowed money, return it before the Spring Festival. What do most people do on the eve of the Spring Festival?
| A．Family members gather for a big meal. |
| B．Friends eat dumplings together. |
| C．They borrow money from friends. |
| D．They give each other “hong bao”. |
Which of the following things is not supposed to happen during the Spring Festival?
| A．Returning money before the Spring Festival. |
| B．Saying words that have to do with death. |
| C．Wearing red clothes. |
| D．Decorating houses with red paper. |
The underlined phrase "running out" probably means "____".
| A．跑出去 | B．打碎 | C．耗尽 | D．离开 |
We can tell from the story that the Spring Festival is ____.
| A．a time of harvest and fun |
| B．celebrated for one whole month |
| C．only celebrated in China |
| D．a time for families to get together |
We live in a sweet world. The average American kid eats more than 20 teaspoons of sugar per day, and adults eat 50% more sugar today than they did in the 1970s. We all know that too much sugar isn’t good for you. But did we know it could be dangerous? A team of researchers at the University of Utah used mice to do a study on the bad effects of sugar. They found it could have serious effects on people’s health.
Sugar is found not only in sweets and candies, but also in many household items like pasta and crackers.
During the 58-week-long study, mice were fed a diet containing 25% more sugar. This percentage equals a healthy human diet along with three cans of soda daily. The team found that these mice were twice as likely to die as mice fed a similar diet without the sugar. Though the mice did not show signs of obesity or high blood pressure, male mice produced 25% fewer offspring (后代) than the other mice.
Scientists often use mice for research because they have a similar genetic (基因) structure to humans. “Since most substances (物质) that are dangerous in mice are also dangerous in people, it’s likely that those physical problems that cause those mice to have increased deaths also work in people,”says study author James Ruff of the University of Utah. Findings from this study show bad effects that are not as noticeable as weight gain or heart problems. Sugar can contribute to long-term changes in the body that can change development and even shorten lives.
Cutting sugar out of the American diet altogether may be difficult. But making the effort to control our nation’s sugar need will provide for a truly sweeter future.The study done by researchers aimed at learning about________
| A．the advantages and disadvantages of sugar |
| B．the bad effects of sugar on people’s health |
| C．the genetic structure of mice |
| D．American’s eating habit. |
According to the study, which of the following statements is wrong?
| A．Sugar can even shorten lives. |
| B．Sugar’s bad effects are not noticeable. |
| C．Eating much more sugar can make mice put on weight and get high blood pressure. |
| D．Mice are more likely to die when fed a diet containing 25% more sugar. |
From the passage we can infer_______
| A．sugar plays a very important role in Americans’ diet |
| B．kids eat more sugar than adults in America |
| C．the study on human beings lasted 58 weeks |
| D．the genetic structure of mice is totally different from that of people |
What’s the best title of the passage?
| A．Living a sweet life | B．Kids eat much more sugar |
| C．Genetic structure of humans | D．Danger of too much sugar |
Sometimes you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible. However, chances are that you don’t act on your impulse (冲动), but let it pass instead. You know that to take the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior.
Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change over the years, how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time. Topics such as death, for example, were once considered so upsetting that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the publication of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.
One of the newest taboos is the topic of fat. Unlike many other taboos, fat is a topic that people talk about constantly. It’s not taboo to talk about fat; it’s taboo to be fat. The “in” look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, slim manager to sell their image as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self-discipline and self-respect. After all, how can people permit themselves to become fat? In an image-conscious society, thin is ‘‘in”, fat is “out”.
It’ s not surprising that millions of people have become obsessed (着迷) with staying slim and “in shape”. The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, the only reason for people’s obsession with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style of people has changed since last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, people’s bodies can easily become weak. In an effort to avoid such a fate , millions of people are spending more of their time exercising. Parks are filled with joggers and bicyclists, and many companies are providing special exercise equipment for their employees to use during the work day.What does the word “taboo’’ refer to in the passage?
| A．A crime committed on impulse. |
| B．An unfavorable impression left on other people. |
| C．A strong desire to do something strange or terrible. |
| D．Behavior considered unacceptable to the society. |
What does the underlined phrase “in” look probably mean?
| A．The fashionable look. | B．The hidden look. |
| C．The usual look. | D．The inside look. |
According to the passage, the common belief is that _________.
| A．fat people are full of energy |
| B．thin people are more successful |
| C．fat people prefer to have fat bosses |
| D．thin people are less image-conscious |
People pay more attention to diet and exercise because of _________.
| A．their need to kill time |
| B．their love for sports |
| C．their concern for health |
| D．their belief in hard work |
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