Hospital emergency rooms treat injured fingers all the time．Without treatment, a bad cut can lead to permanent damage．But how should a person know when a bleeding cut is serious enough to require medical attention?
Here are some tips from Dr. Martin Brown, chairman of the department of emergency at Inova Alexandria Hospital in Virginia．
1． Laceration （裂口）
The medical term for a cut or tear in the skin is a laceration． A long cut on a finger can likely be treated without a visit to a doctor if the wound is not very deep. However, if you have a short but deep laceration, you will need professional attention．
2． Fingertips cut off
Some injuries, like a fingertip that gets cut off, might even need surgery to repair．More often, cutting down the bone is what is done because reattaching a fingertip is often not successful．
3． Bleeding Small cuts usually produce what is known as venous （静脉的） bleeding． This means the blood flows steadily from the injury．The bleeding will often stop when pressure is put on the wound． In most cases holding direct pressure with a clean cloth for four to rive minutes would do．But if a cut appears to be pumping blood out with some force, this may be a sign of arterial （动脉的）bleeding．
Finally, always keep this in mind: even a cut that does not require medical attention must be kept clean to prevent infection． Small cuts should be cleaned gently with clean water． Then cover it with a clean, dry bandage．
| A．How a wound bleeds can be a sign of how serious it is． |
| B．That requires a specialist to either cut down the bone or reattach the fingertip |
| C．This kind of injury should be treated by a medical professional as soon as possible． |
| D．The first signs of this disease include difficulty in opening the mouth． |
E．Use a washcloth to clean the area if the wound is dirty．
F．With a cut finger, holding the hand above the heart can reduce the loss of blood．
G．The length is usually not as important as the depth．
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“Nature does not hurry, yet everything is accomplished.” ---Lao Tzu
If you are in a city where everyone rushes, realize that you don’t have to be like everyone else. You can be different. You can walk instead of driving in rush hour traffic. You can be on your iPhone or Blackberry less, and disconnected sometimes. Your environment doesn’t control your life---you do. I’m not going to tell you how to give you a step-by-step guide to moving slower.
1. Do less.
Cut back on your projects, on your task list, on how much you try to do each day. Focus not on quantity but on quality. Save smaller, routine tasks for later in the day, but give yourself time to focus.
2. Have fewer meetings. And they eat into your day, forcing you to squeeze the things you really need to do into small windows, and making you rush.
3.
When you do the important things with focus, without rush, there will be things that get pushed back, and that don’t get done. And you need to ask yourself: how necessary are these things? What would happen if I stopped doing them?
4. Practice mindfulness.
Simply learn to live in the present, rather than things so much about future or the past. When you eat, fully appreciate your food. When you are with someone, be with them fully. When you are walking, appreciate your surroundings, no matter where you are.
Try these things out. Life is better when unrushed.
| A．Start to put off or cancel the unnecessary. |
| B．Meetings are usually a “big waste of time”. |
| C．The world likely won’t end if you don’t pass one of the examinations. |
| D．But here are some things to consider and perhaps adopt（采纳）, if they work for your life. |
E. Remember the quote: if nature can get everything done without rushing, so can you.
F. Pick 2—3 important things---or even just one important thing---and work on those first.
G. Give yourself more time to get ready and get there.
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Money Matters
Parents should help their children understand money. So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example.
The basic function of money
Begin explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services. It is important to show your child how money is traded for the things he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier(收银员). When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money, you can start explaining more complex ways of using money.
Money lessons
Approach money lessons with openness and honesty. If you must say no to a child’s request to spend money, explain, “ You have enough toy trucks for now.” Or, if the request is for many different things, say, “You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”
Begin at the grocery store. Pick out two similar brands of a product---a name-brand butter and a generic (无商标产品)，for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money. If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later, you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.
| A．Wise decisions |
| B．The value of money |
| C．Permit the child to choose between them. |
| D．Tell your child why he can –or cannot --- have certain things. |
E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you
F. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.
G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.
根据短文内容，从下框的A~F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余项。
| A. Real winners of tourism B. Negative effects of tourism C. Growing tourism in the world D. Developing tourism with caution E. Benefits to the locals from tourism F. Tourism problems and possible solutions |
__________________
On the Mediterranean island of Majorca in Spain, the locals are angry. Too late. In the last quarter of 20th century, they obtained profit from foreign visitors wanting to buy up property on their beautiful island. Suddenly, it occurred to Majorca that the island no longer belonged to them. Its 630,000 inhabitants（居民）are increasingly convinced that the 14 million visitors a year are far too much of a good thing. Water is in short supply, pollution is worsening, and there is no affordable housing left for them to buy.__________________
Tourism is the world’s largest and fastest growing industry. In 1950, 25 million people traveled abroad; last year, it was 750 million. The World Tourism Organization predicts that 1.6 billion people, by 2020, will travel each year, spending over two trillion（万亿）US dollars. __________________
The host country may not see many benefits. In Thailand, 60% of the $ 4 billion annual tourism income leaves the country. Tourists arrange by travel companies tend to stay at a big foreign-owned hotels, buying few local products. Mass tourism（团队旅游）usually leaves little money inside the country and most of the money goes to the airlines, the tour operators,and the foreign hotel owners, who are the final winners of tourism.__________________
These days the industry’s most urgent question may be how to control the flow of tourist. A typical example of this is Italy, where great cultural centers like the Florence and Venice can’t handle all the tourists they get every summer. In Florence, it’s half inhabitants have to live with the pollution, traffic jam, and crime caused by 11 million visitors a year. Now there is talk about how to solve these problems, like raising hotel taxes, or even changing admission to some public squares. The idea is to discourage at least some visitors, as well as to pay for cleaning up the mess. __________________
For many poorer countries, tourism may still offer the best hope foe development. The Vietnamese are doing their best to open up their country. Libya has paid $ 1 million for a study. They all wanted tourists. Yet if something isn’t done, tourism seems certain to become the victim of its success. Its effect on the environment is a major concern. For this reason, tourist organizations need to have second thoughts about what exactly they are trying to sell.
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Linda: Hello, George.
George: Hi, Linda. I’m reading a tourist guide to Europe.
Linda:
George: Yes, i’m looking to such a trip. Hey, have you ever been there?
Linda: Yes. I’ve actually visited my countries in Europe; France, Germany, Italy and Austria, for example.
George: And how long did you stay?
Linda: Two years ago. For over one month.
George: Did you like it?
Linda: There are many ancient churches and castles. It’s the best trip I’ve ever taken.
George: Sounds great.
Linda: Good idea. You won’t regret it.
A: Of course.
B: Not exactly.
C: What are you doing?
D: When did you go there?
E: Do you plan to move to Europe?
F: Are you thinking of visiting Europe some day?
G: I decide to make a trip next October on my annual leave.
下面文章中有5个段落需要添加首句。请从以下选项（A、B、C、D、E和F）中选出适合各段落的首句，并在答题纸上将相应选项的标号涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。
A. Be a good listener. B. Care about the details.
C. Strike up a conversation. D. Make time for friendships.
E. Reach out to the newcomers. F. Avoid causing inconveniences
Develop Better Relationships with Neighbors
Good neighbors are a lot like electricity or running water：we don’t know how much we depend on them until we don’t have them. They make our lives more pleasant and give us a sense of who we wrte, both as an individual and as a member of the community. Here is how to develop your relationships with these very important people in your life. _________ Often neighbors don’t even know each other’s names. But it’s okay to be the one to break the ice , even if you’ve lived next door for years.Most neighbors enjoy making small talk with the folks on the other side of the fence. So as you see them at work in their yards, smile, wave, and say hello. Ask how their kids are (whether they’re babies or in college), whether they could use an extra cucumber from your garden, or what they think of the price at the local supermarket.
_________ These days, the old Welcome Wagon is a thing of the past. But your new neighbors may be feeling lonely and unsure, especially if they’re far from home, and might appreciate a friendly face bearing fresh-baked chocolate cakes. If they have kids, tell them where the children in the neighborhood live. Recommend the best places to eat and sleep. Invite them over for coffee or tea when they get settled, give them your number, and point to your house as you say good-bye.
__________ Return anything that you borrow from a neighbor, such as tools, in good repair and as soon as you’ve finished with them. Replace anything that belongs to your neighbor that you, your children, or your pets break or soil. Make sure that your car is not blocking their doorway. Such random acts of consideration will have your neighbors talking — and the talk will be good.
__________ If you value a friendship with your neighbors, spend time with them. What better way to meet your neighbors than to invite them to an informal barbecue, pool party, or holiday open house? Better yet, you might even consider throwing a get-together in their honor. Deliver the invitations in person to everyone who lives on your street and chat with each for five minutes before moving on to the next house. This way, you will get an idea of what your neighbors are like so that you can plan for appropriate food and music.
___________ In a good relationship, it’s really the little things that count. Help to bring in the mail for the elderly neighbor when there is a heavy rain. When your neighbor gorgets to take in his rubbish cans, roll them back into his yard. If you’re truly concerned, you’ll know when your neighbor needs some cheering up — a bunch of flowers or a helping hand when it’s needed. All it takes to develop your relationship with neighbors is the respect for their feelings.
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