Think "rock, paper, scissors (剪刀)" is a children's game? Think again.
Top players from around the world came together in Toronto to compete for a 10,000 – Canadian-dollar prize and the title of World Champion (世界冠军头衔). More than 500 players, including national champions from Australia, Norway and New Zealand, attended.
The simple game is often used to make decision and solve simple problems. Players hold their fists closed and count to three before making a fist (rock), a flat hand (paper) or two fingers (scissors). Paper covers rock, scissors cut paper and rock breaks scissors.
Players have different, opinions about the history of the game, but it is commonly believed to have been played for centuries in Japan. The Paper Scissors Stone Club opened in England in 1842 and players could play together there. In 1918, the name was changed to World RPS Club and its headquarters (总部) moved from London to Toronto.
The world championship started in 2002, and is held once every year.
根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误。正确为“T”，错误为“F”。The winner of the game can get 10,000 Canadian dollars as a prize.
The simple game is often used to make new friends.
From the passage, we know that making two fingers stands for scissors in the game.
The headquarters of World RPS Club moved to New Zealand in 1918.
The first world championship was held in 2002.
Are you shy? If you are, you are not alone. In fact, close to 50 percent of people are shy. Almost 80 percent of people feel shy at some point in their lives. These days, shyness is becoming more and more common. Now, scientists are trying to understand shyness. They have some interesting ideas about why people are shy.
Is it possible to be born shy? Many scientists say yes. They say 15 to 20 percent of babies behave shyly. These babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other babies. Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. As a result, scientists think that some shyness is genetic.
Family size might cause people to be shy as well. Scientists at Harvard University studied shy children. They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters. As a result, they became shy. At the same time, children with no brothers and sisters may be shy as well. Growing up alone, they often play by themselves. They are not able to learn the same social skills as children from big families.
You may also be shy because of where you were born. When scientists studied shyness in different countries. They found surprising differences. In Japan, most people said they were shy. But in Israel, only one of three people said so. What explains the difference? One scientist says the Japanese and Israelis have different opinions of failure. In Japan, when people do not succeed, they feel bad about themselves. They blame（责备）themselves for their failure. In Israel, the opposite is true. Israelis often blame failure on outside reasons, such as family, teachers, friends, or bad luck. In Israel, freedom of opinion and risk taking are strongly supported. This may be why Israelis worry less about failure and are less shy.
For shy people, it can be difficult to make friends, speak in class, and even get a good job. But scientists say you can get over your shyness. They suggest trying new things and practicing conversation. And don’t forget---if you are shy, you are not the only one. What is the passage mainly about?
| A．Happiness. | B．Shyness. |
| C．Kindness. | D．loneliness. |
What does the underlined word “genetic”in paragraph 2 probably mean?
| A．Passed down from parents. | B．Learned from friends. |
| C．Taught by teachers. | D．Made up by brothers. |
What can be learned from the passage?
| A．Most little babies are born shy and quiet. |
| B．If you are shy now, you will be shy forever. |
| C．Many shy children have older brothers and sisters. |
| D．Most Israeli people are shy of expressing opinions. |
We can learn from the passage that _______ may cause shyness.
| A．genetics, grown--ups and birthplace |
| B．genetics, family size and birthplace |
| C．family size, grown--ups and failure |
| D．genetics, family size and freedom |
Scientists suggest that shy people can get over their shyness by______.
| A．blaming their failure on outside reasons |
| B．trying new things and practicing conversation |
| C．getting themselves away from their shy parents |
| D．trying to understand reasons for their shyness |
Which of the following shows the structure（结构）of the passage? (P=Paragraph)
Teenager Jake Deham was skiing(滑雪) with his family in the USA when he fell over and lost one of his skis. His family didn’t know that he had a problem. They kept on skiing. When they got to the foot of the mountain, there was no sign of Jake.
Jake couldn’t find his ski anywhere. In the end, he decided to take off his other ski and walk down the mountain. But he couldn’t work out the right way to go.
It was now getting dark and he was a long way from any place of safety. He knew that he might die that night in the cold temperatures. But Jake kept calm(镇定). At home, Jake watched a lot of programmes about living in difficult situations. He remembered the advice from these programmes and knew that he should build a hole in the snow. He made a hole and pointed it up the hill so the wind couldn’t blow into it. Outside his hole, the temperature fell to a dangerous-15℃ that night, but inside it Jake was safe from the cold.
But he had to get down the mountain. The TV programmes always said,“ If you are lost, you should find someone else’ s tracks(足迹) through the snow and follow them.” “I wanted to live my life.” remembers Jake.“So I got up and I found some ski tracks and I followed those.” He walked and walked and finally he saw lights. Nine hours after he lost his ski, he found a team of worker who came to save him. He was safe!
His mum was very happy when she heard the news. Amazingly, Jake didn’t even have to go to hospital. He got through the terrible experience without any injuries.
So, the next time someone says that watching TV is a waste of time, think of Jake. Sometimes TV can save your life!Jake’s parents didn’t know that he was missing until .
| A．they reached the foot of the mountain |
| B．they began to ski down the mountain |
| C．a team of workers found Jake |
| D．Jake lost on of his skis |
What was the most important decision Jake made for his safety?
A. To go skiing with his family in the USA.
B. To search for the ski that he had lost in the snow.
C. To take off his other ski and walk down the mountain.
D. To build a hole in the snow to keep himself warm.How did Jake get down the mountain the next morning?
| A．He followed his parents. |
| B．He followed the workers. |
| C．He followed some ski tracks. |
| D．He followed some light. |
What was the correct order in which these events happened?
a. Jake made a hole in the snow.
b. Jake lost one of his skis.
c. Jake finally saw lights.
d. He followed some lights.
| A．d-b-a-c | B．a-b-c-d |
| C．b-a-d-c | D．c-b-a-d |
Facing the difficulties, Jake Denham was .
| A．polite and hardworking | B．calm and clever |
| C．outgoing and helpful | D．warm and friendly |
The following is a QUIZ(自测) from a magazine.
| Questions |
1 Point |
2 Points |
3 Points |
| Where do you live? |
in a village |
in a town |
in a city |
| How do you go to work/ school? |
by walking/ bicycle |
by train/ bus/ subway |
by driving a small car |
| How many times a year do you fly on airplanes? |
1 |
2 |
3 |
| How many hours of electricity do you use each day(e.g. watching TV, keeping lights on)? |
0-6 hours |
6-12 hours |
12-18 hours |
| How often do you recycle? |
almost always |
often |
sometimes |
| Total Points |
Result |
| 7 |
Less pollution than the average(平均) person |
| 8-10 |
As much pollution as the average person |
| 11-13 |
A little more pollution than the average person |
| 14-14 |
A lot more pollution than the average person |
Which of the following makes the least pollution?
| A．Living pretty well in a big city. |
| B．Flying on planes only twice a year. |
| C．Almost always recycling used things. |
| D．Using 15 hours of electricity each day. |
How many points does the average person get?
| A．7 points. | B．8-10 points. |
| C．11-13 points. | D．14-15 points. |
Tom lives in a city, goes to work by subway, flies on airplanes once a year, uses 15 hours of electricity a day, an sometimes recycles used things. How many points does he get?
| A．11 points. | B．12 points. |
| C．13 points. | D．14 points. |
Which of following would be the best title for the quiz?
| A．Where Do You Live? | B．What Do You Recycle? |
| C．Why Do We Travel? | D．How Green Are You? |
Do some colors makes you feel calm while others give you energy? Scientists have studied the connection between color and mood（心情）for a long time. Many believe that color can influence our moods.
Warm, bright colors such as yellow and red are positive colors. They can give people a pleasant feeling. Cool colors such as blue, purple, and green are relaxing colors. They help people experience calm feelings.
Many public places are decorated（装饰）with certain colors in order to create certain moods. Orange makes people feel hungry, and many restaurants are painted in this color.
People use color in their homes to create moods as well. Blue is a peaceful color. It helps you rest, so it is a very good color for a bedroom.
Colors can create bad moods, too. Some types of blue make people feel sad. Red can make people feel angry.
What is your mood right now? Now look at the color of the walls round you. Does it match it mood?Cool colors are relaxing colors and they help people experience ________.
Orange makes people ________, and many restaurants are painted this color.
People use color in their homes to ________ as well.
Some types of ________ make people feel sad.
This passage mainly tells us how color ________.
Vanuatu is an island nation in the South Pacific. It is one of the smallest countries in the world. But for those who are interested in adventure and sport, there is a lot to do. Vanuatu’s islands offer visitors two of the most exciting and dangerous activities in the world: volcano（火山）surfing and land diving.
Volcano Surfing
On Tanna Island, Mount Yasur rises 300 meters into the sky. Yasur is an active volcano, and it erupts（爆发）almost every day, sometimes several times a day. For centuries, people have climbed this mountain to visit the top. Recently, people have also started climbing Yasur to surf the volcano. In some ways, volcano surfing is like surfing in the sea, but in other ways it’s very different. Volcano surfers try to escape the erupting volcano—without getting hit by flying rocks! It’s fast, fun and dangerous—the perfect extreme sport（极限运动）.
Land Diving
Most people are familiar with bungee jumping, but do you know bungee jumping started on Pentecost Island in Vanuatu and is almost fifteen centuries old? The activity, first called land diving, is part of a religious ceremony（宗教仪式）. A man ties tree vines（树藤）to his legs. He then jumps head-first from a high tower to touch the earth with the top of his head—without breaking the vine. Every spring, island natives (men only) still take part in this amazing activity.In Line 2, what does the word “those” mean?
| A．People. | B．Animals. |
| C．Activities. | D．Islands. |
According to the passage, Mount Yasur ______.
| A．is no longer active | B．is on Pentecost Island |
| C．erupts almost every day | D．rises 800 meters into the sky |
Why have people recently started climbing Mount Yasur?
| A．People can climb it easily. |
| B．People can make money. |
| C．People can watch snow on it. |
| D．People can surf the volcano. |
Which of the following about land diving is true?
| A．It is not dangerous at all. |
| B．It was first called “bungee jumping”. |
| C．It is a traditional activity in Vanuatu. |
| D．It came to Vanuatu from another country. |
What is the purpose of the passage?
| A．To tell people not to do dangerous sports. |
| B．To explain what volcano surfing and land diving are. |
| C．To talk about the world’s best volcano surfer and land diver. |
| D．To compare activities in Vanuatu with sports in New Zealand. |
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