他日夜工作，为了能够提前完成任务。
He worked every day and night, ___ ___ ___ ___ the work ahead of time.
On warm summer days with little or no wind, the air temperature in cities can be up to ten degrees higher than that of the surrounding countryside. This is a phenomenon commonly referred to as the “urban heat island” effect.
This phenomenon happens when pavement, buildings, and other infrastructure （基础设施） replace natural land cover. Large amounts of paved and dark colored surfaces—such as roofs, roads, and parking lots—absorb, rather than reflect, the sun’s heat, causing surface temperatures and overall ambient （周围的） air temperature to rise.Unlike soil, paved areas contribute to runoff, which means that as paved areas increase, the amount of water available for evaporation （蒸发） decreases. Moreover, urban areas have fewer trees and less natural vegetation which help to control the heat by providing shade and blocking solar radiation. The surfaces of leaves also provide water for evaporation which cools the air, further worsening the heat island effect.
In particular, during summer, more energy is required to cool the insides of building and for refrigeration, thereby creating additional heat output. This in turn leads to higher ambient air temperatures, which can also significantly increase the formation of urban smog in an area, degrading local air quality. Such a situation may directly affect public health with individuals more likely to suffer from heat exhaustion and the effects of asthma （哮喘）.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means ________.
| A．Due to dark colored roads, urban areas are becoming hotter each year |
| B．Dark colored surfaces reflect the sun’s heat, causing air temperatures to rise |
| C．Because urban surfaces absorb heat, air and surface temperatures increase |
| D．Rising ambient air temperatures lead to urban surfaces absorbing more heat |
Which of the following is not a cause of the urban heat island effect?
| A．The lack of trees |
| B．The demand for refrigeration |
| C．The blocking of solar radiation |
| D．The construction of infrastructure. |
The underlined word “degrading” most probably means ________.
| A．ignoring | B．improving |
| C．highlighting | D．worsening |
The passage is mainly developed by ________.
| A．giving typical examples |
| B．following the time order |
| C．presenting the effect and analyzing the cause |
| D．analyzing a problem and seeking the solution |
More and more pupils are giving teachers presents, but the practice only creates insecurity in parents and staff.
I’ve certainly noticed some pupils being feverishly overgenerous of late. Last year, I received not one bottle of wine but four for helping a disaffected pupil through his GCSEs. By and large, my colleagues report the gifts differing along gender lines. Gentlemen get ties, mugs, booze and, if they’re really lucky, tickets to football matches. The ladies are often presented with flowers, jewels, chocolates and so on.
When my son was at private school, I noticed there was a real competitiveness between the students about giving presents to teachers, with expensive baskets from fancy stores and huge bouquets being handed out on the last days of term. Since my wife and I only let my son give thank-you cards, it was clear we were not “classy”. Now he is at an inner-city primary, we’ve noticed that this kind of nonsense seems to have more or less disappeared．For one thing, there isn’t that kind of money floating around – but there isn’t that kind of competitive culture either.
Personally, I think gifts to teachers should be banned beyond the thank-you card they cause many more problems than they solve, creating insecurity in both parents and staff. Perhaps the recession and the lack of money in people’s pockets might be a good excuse for the government to issue some guidelines to schools that gifts shouldn’t be accepted by teachers.
The gifts that I really value are the cards which say a genuine thank you. I still keep them in a file at home.What can the author most probably be?
| A．A teacher. | B．A school nurse. |
| C．A researcher. | D．A gift shop owner. |
The underlined word “nonsense” in Paragraph 3 refers to the fact that ________.
| A．the son only gives thank-you cards to teachers |
| B．the author and his wife are not classy |
| C．the son goes to an inner-city primary |
| D．the students give gifts to teachers |
To solve the problem, the author thinks it’s a good way to ________.
| A．forbid the students to give any gifts to teachers |
| B．create insecurity by giving thank-you cards |
| C．make people have less money in pockets |
| D．issue some guidelines by the government |
Which of the following can be the best title?
| A．Don’t Forget to Give Gifts to Your Teachers |
| B．Presents Won’t Make Pupils Teachers’ Pets |
| C．Learn the Competitive Culture of Gifts |
| D．Refuse Presents from Your Students |
Last summer, as part of my high school graduation project, I volunteered at Saunders House nursing home.
I choose this experience because it was something that I had never done before and I wanted to lend a helping hand．When I first came up with the idea of volunteering at a nursing home, I wanted to help out with activities and meet with some of the residents （住客）.
At first it was challenging because I was extremely shy; however after getting to know the residents a little better, I started to feel more comfortable around them. My goal in volunteering was to bring a smile to the residents by doing different activities from word games to playing chess. I feel as if I had accomplished that goal.
At the nursing home, I did a lot of different activities with the residents ranging from Jeopardy, to Wheel of Fortune. One of my favorites was a word game where I would write a ten letter word on the board and the residents would try to come up with as many smaller words as possible. I could tell that it was one of their favorite games because they always seemed to be so enthusiastic when they played．I also transported residents to and from their rooms when they needed help; and whenever it was a nice day out, I would take them outside to get some fresh air and relax. On Saturday mornings, I would deliver the newspaper to the residents and on Sundays, I assisted with morning church services.
The most unforgettable part of this experience was when I had one on one conversations with the residents; it was incredible how many great stories they had to tell. One of the first residents was Mr. Charles Bowman who is one hundred and three years old!The author volunteered at the nursing home because ________.
| A．she was willing to help |
| B．the residents needed her |
| C．she was good with the old |
| D．the old people challenged her |
What helped the author get over the challenge?
| A．The determination to do the voluntary work. |
| B．Communicating with the residents. |
| C．The residents’ smiling faces. |
| D．The sense of achievements. |
The author felt it ________ to do the activities with the residents.
| A．enjoyable | B．upset |
| C．uncomfortable | D．challenging |
The author wrote the passage in order to ________.
| A．persuade readers to care more about the old |
| B．encourage readers to do voluntary work |
| C．describe a social problem |
| D．share an experience |
Most essays are made up of a beginning, a middle and an end．The beginning arouses the reader’s interest to his attention to the subject of the essayor the necessary background information. The middle gives us clear and logical of the facts and ideas the writer intends to put forth.The end winds up the essay with a forceful statement to influence the reader’s impression and shows consequences of the argument.
To the writer the beginning is often the hardest part of an essay, because he has to decide from what point to , and in what direction to go. The end is important because it often gives the reader the deepest impression. It should be short, forceful and thought-provoking. No ideas should be introduced in a concluding paragraph.
Sometimes it is good to the concluding paragraph to the introduction. If, for instance, a question is raised in the beginning, an answer should be given in the end．
A．support B．secure C．change D．follow
A．provides B．proves C．confirms D．directs
A．indication B．direction C．expectation D．presentation
A．final B．good C．deep D．unique
A．state B．deliver C．start D．practice
A．ordinary B．general C．important D．new
A．spread B．link C．lead D．contact
There was a man who had four sons. He wanted his sons to learn not to things too quickly. So he sent them each on a quest （寻求）, , to go and look at a pear tree that was a great distance away. The first son went in winter, the second in spring, the third in summer, and the youngest son in fall.
When they had all gone and come back, he called them together to what they had seen. The first son said that the tree wasugly, bent, and . The second son contradicted—it was covered with green buds and full of . The third son , saying it was laden with blossoms that smelled so sweet and looked so beautiful. It was the most graceful thing he had seen. The last son disagreed with all of them; he said it was ripe and with fruit, full of life and fulfillment.
The man then to his sonsthat they were all right, because they had each seen but one season in the tree’s life. He told them that you cannot judge a tree, or a person, by only one season, and that the essence of who they are—the pleasure, joy, and love that come from that life—can only be at the end, when all the seasons are up.
If you give up when it’s winter, you will the hope of your spring, the beauty of your summer, fulfillment of your fall. Don’t let the of one season destroy the joy of all the rest. Don’t judge a life by one season.
A．determine B．judge C．analyze D．explore
A．by chance B．as usual C．in turn D．for sure
A．describe B．classify C．compare D．review
A．twisted B．wounded C．woodened D．deserted
A．delight B．pride C．faith D．promise
A．agreed B．approved C．argued D．announced
A．never B．ever C．once D．later
A．falling B．slipping C．going D．hanging
A．excused B．sighed C．explained D．instructed
A．measured B．considered C．affected D．committed
A．change B．develop C．miss D．taste
A．comfort B．pleasure C．regret D．pain
A．difficult B．magic C．lonely D．light
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