On warm summer days with little or no wind, the air temperature in cities can be up to ten degrees higher than that of the surrounding countryside. This is a phenomenon commonly referred to as the “urban heat island” effect.
This phenomenon happens when pavement, buildings, and other infrastructure （基础设施） replace natural land cover. Large amounts of paved and dark colored surfaces—such as roofs, roads, and parking lots—absorb, rather than reflect, the sun’s heat, causing surface temperatures and overall ambient （周围的） air temperature to rise.Unlike soil, paved areas contribute to runoff, which means that as paved areas increase, the amount of water available for evaporation （蒸发） decreases. Moreover, urban areas have fewer trees and less natural vegetation which help to control the heat by providing shade and blocking solar radiation. The surfaces of leaves also provide water for evaporation which cools the air, further worsening the heat island effect.
In particular, during summer, more energy is required to cool the insides of building and for refrigeration, thereby creating additional heat output. This in turn leads to higher ambient air temperatures, which can also significantly increase the formation of urban smog in an area, degrading local air quality. Such a situation may directly affect public health with individuals more likely to suffer from heat exhaustion and the effects of asthma （哮喘）.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means ________.
| A．Due to dark colored roads, urban areas are becoming hotter each year |
| B．Dark colored surfaces reflect the sun’s heat, causing air temperatures to rise |
| C．Because urban surfaces absorb heat, air and surface temperatures increase |
| D．Rising ambient air temperatures lead to urban surfaces absorbing more heat |
Which of the following is not a cause of the urban heat island effect?
| A．The lack of trees |
| B．The demand for refrigeration |
| C．The blocking of solar radiation |
| D．The construction of infrastructure. |
The underlined word “degrading” most probably means ________.
| A．ignoring | B．improving |
| C．highlighting | D．worsening |
The passage is mainly developed by ________.
| A．giving typical examples |
| B．following the time order |
| C．presenting the effect and analyzing the cause |
| D．analyzing a problem and seeking the solution |
____ This was not because the woods and fields were always far away, but because they were too far from the city to permit people to make a day trip between morning and nightfall.
______ He decided to turn his little school house into a dormitory for the summer holidays. Anyone who brought his sleeping bag and cooking equipment along could stay there for a very small quantity of money. The idea was a success. A few years later, the school house was much too small to hold the many young people who wanted to stay there. ___
___ This was the first hostel (青年招待所).
Today, young students and workers of every country can meet in the hostel and get to know each other. When young people arrive at the hostel, they have only to show their cards of membership in a hostel organization in their own country. ______
Often, at the evening meal, a group of boys and girls from various parts of the country or world will happen to meet at the same hostel. They may put their food together and prepare a dinner with many kinds of dishes. Sometimes a program will be organized after the meal with dances, songs, or short talks followed by a question period．______ For this reason, a few weeks spent ‘hostelling’ can be just as useful a part of one’s education as classes in school.
| A．In 1970, a young German school master had an idea which changed this situation. |
| B．People can stay in the hostel if they brought enough equipment with them. |
| C．One can learn a lot about other places, just by meeting people from those places. |
| D．As a result, a dormitory was set up in an old castle nearby. |
E. For years, children in the industrial areas of Europe seldom left their cities to see the beauties of the countryside.
F. More and more young people went to the hostel for summer holidays.
G. This card will permit them to stay in a hostel all over the world for very low prices.
Life is too short to waste a moment, so while you still have time, let your hair down, remove that “boring” tag in your so-called life and start making it worthwhile. Below are some tips that will help you live a wonderful life.
1. Keep a Positive Attitude. Enjoy what you have and work on getting the things you desire. Psychologists believe that optimism (乐观主义) is a good defense against unhappiness, so it is better to keep your optimism alive. Feeling sad about your life will only make you sadder, so be happy.
2. Don’t Be Afraid to Take Risks. Life is all about taking risks, and that’s the exciting part of it. Challenges and failure are part of life. Once you learn how to take risks, you’ll soon realize how good it feels not to let moments pass you by.
3. You only have one life, so make it worthwhile. Being unwilling to let the past go just keeps you away from the things you should be enjoying at the present.
4. List the Things You Want to Do. Stop lazing around and give yourself something to be busy with. Write down a list of all the things you want to do and make a timeline, not to stress you out, but to remind you of your goals. So don’t put limits to yourself because you’ll never know what may happen.
5. Try Out Something New. Getting into something or trying something unfamiliar to you may seem scary, but nothing can make you feel happier than being able to overcome your fear. Who knows? You might enjoy it! The world is a big place and there are still lots of things waiting to be explored by you. Go to a foreign place where you know no one. From Tip One we know that we should _________ .
| A．never be afraid to take risks | B．try something new every day |
| C．focus on the good things in life | D．get rid of all our former habits |
What’s the best title for the third tip?
| A．Enjoy Today and Let Go of the Past. | B．Never Think of Tomorrow. |
| C．Remember You Are the Best. | D．Never Change Your Mind. |
The writer may NOT agree that _______.
| A．feeling sad about your life does you no good |
| B．it’s good to keep yourself busy doing something |
| C．you shouldn’t go to a new place where you have no friends |
| D．you should enjoy the present instead of always thinking of the past |
What is the writer’s attitude toward life?
| A．Positive. | B．Negative. | C．Doubtful. | D．Indifferent. |
Several interesting American museums tell about health subjects. One is the Doctor Samuel D. Harris National Museum of Dentistry. It is at the University of Maryland in Baltimore. That is where the first college in the world to train dentists began. The museum tells about the history of the medical treatment of teeth. Visitors can see some frightening devices that once were used to remove infected (受感染的) teeth. They also can see sets of teeth made of animal bone. They were made for a famous American -- the first President, George Washington.
Most people do not consider a visit to the dentist their idea of a good time. However, the director of the museum says he wanted to make the museum a fun place to visit. He says he also wants to teach visitors about the importance of taking care of their teeth.
Another museum collects devices that help people hear. The Kenneth W. Berger Hearing Aid Museum is at Kent State University in Kent, Ohio. The museum has more than three-thousand hearing aids from around the world. They include old and strange devices. Some hearing aids were made to look like other objects. That is because in the past many people did not want anyone to know they were wearing a hearing aid. It is common for people to think it uneasy to pay a visit to ____.
| A．the University of Maryland | B．the Museum of Dentistry |
| C．the Hearing Aid Museum | D．the dentist |
The text mainly tells about _____.
| A．museums in the US | B．interesting American museums |
| C．American museums with health subjects | D．the history of the medical treatment of teeth |
What do we learn about George Washington from the text?
| A．He once visited the National Museum of Dentistry. |
| B．He considered the Museum of Dentistry a fun place to visit |
| C．His artificial teeth were collected in the National Museum of Dentistry. |
| D．His teeth seemed to be made of animal bone. |
The underlined word “devices” in the first and last paragraph probably means _____.
| A．museums | B．strategies | C．hearing aids | D．tools |
Li Denghai, with his muddy boots and tanned(晒黑的) face, may not look like he is one of China’s famous agricultural pioneers. But the 61-year-old man from Shandong Province has made scientific breakthroughs(突破), which made great contributions to China’s food security(安全). His main work has been in achieving the higher output of corn production.
Li, who holds the world record for the highest output of summer corn, once says, “Corn has a life; it sings and dances. If you listen clearly, it can speak to you.” He started his research in 1969 when he was 20 and just dropped out of a high school. He then read an article which pointed that corn output per mu in the USA was six times higher than that in China. He was shocked and set out to work on just a small piece of land round the clock to see if he could increase the output. He often went to the field with a flashlight late at night, if he had been away during the day. By careful nurturing (照料) he managed to double the output.
Li Denghai was awarded the “China Award for Significant Contribution to the Maize (玉米) Industry” in 2005, and the same year the company named after his own name came into the market on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. Li, however, is never happier than when he is in the middle of his cornfields. “I can forget my tiredness when talking to my corns,” he says.When Li Denghai began the study of corn, .
| A．he just graduated from an ordinary high school |
| B．he was shocked that the corn output in China was so low |
| C．he was only in his thirties |
| D．he wasn’t really fond of his work |
The underlined phrase “round the clock” means .
| A．day and night | B．sooner or later | C．face to face | D．now and then |
From Mr. Li’s words in this passage, we can learn that .
| A．he is not good at communicating with people |
| B．he is too tired to go to the corn fields |
| C．he talks to his corn when feeling lonely |
| D．he loves his career deeply |
In 1933 an unknown American called Clarence Nash went to see the film-maker Walt Disney. He had unusual voice and he wanted to do work in Disney’s cartoon films for children. When Walt Disney heard Nash’s voice, he said, “Stop! That’s our duck!”
The duck was the now-famous Donald Duck, who first appeared in1934 in the film The Wise Little Hen. Donald lived in an old houseboat and wore his sailor jacket and hat. Later that year he became a star after an eight-minute Mickey Mouse film. The cinema audiences liked him because he was lazy and greedy, and because he lost his temper very quickly. And they loved his voice, when he became angry with Mickey’s eight nephews. Soon Donald was more popular than Mickey Mouse himself, probably because he wasn’t goody-goody like Mickey.
In the 1930s, 40s and 50s, Donald and his friends Mickey, Goofy and Pluto make hundreds of Disney cartoons. He also made educational films about the place of the USA in the world, and safety in the home. Then in 1966 Donald Duck and his voice disappeared—there were no more new cartoons.
Clarence Nash died in February, 1985. But today’s children can still see the old cartoons on television and hear that famous voice.Walt Disney ______.
| A．played the part of Donald Duck | B．made Donald Duck films |
| C．had Donald Duck’s voice | D．drew cartoons |
Walt Disney chose Clarence Nash ______.
| A．because his voice was right for Mickey Mouse |
| B．because his voice was right for the duck in a new cartoon film |
| C．because he was fond of playing jokes |
| D．because he was quite humorous |
The first Donald Duck film ______ .
| A．appeared in 1934 | B．was shown in 1933 |
| C．was greatly appreciated in 1966 | D．was popular in 1930 |
Which of the following in NOT true?
| A．Clarence Nash had Donald Duck’s voice. |
| B．People liked Donald Duck better because he was lazy and greedy and became angry quickly. |
| C．Donald Duck’s voice disappeared in 1966. |
| D．Mickey Mouse wasn’t a goody-goody. |
粤公网安备 44130202000953号