Many Americans concerned about air pollution are demanding cleaner and cheaper supplies of energy. The demand has resulted in increased research about ethanol fuel. Ethanol is an alcohol that can be mixed with gas. It burns up most of the pollutants in gas. It replaced some of the chemicals that are known to cause cancer.
Some experts say that in the future ethanol will replace some of the oil imported into America. Today ethanol is less than one percent of the total American fuel supply. The head of the National Corn Growers Association, Kieve Hars, says ethanol will provide twenty five percent of the fuel supply by 2010. The organization is involved in the production of ethanol because it can be made from corn.
One company in American Midwest says it is starting to produce ethanol because of demands from people and from the government. The Congress approved the Clean Air Act in 1990. The company says this means the market for ethanol will expand. The company is a major producer of corn starch (淀粉) that can be used to make ethanol.
At Texas University, Professor Mark Holzapple produces ethanol from materials found in solid waste. He has developed a way to turn materials like paper into simple sugar. He then uses yeast (酵母) to turn the sugar into ethanol. Professor Holzappple says two hundred liters of ethanol fuel can be produced from one ton of solid waste.
A professor at the University of Arkansas, John Geddie, is exploring another way to make ethanol. He is using acids on paper material. He says a large factory could produce ethanol from waste paper about the same cost of that of gasoline.
Environmentalists support the use of ethanol because it turns waste into a useful product. Professor Holzapple says law makers in industrial nations need to support the development of this renewable fuel of the future.
根据上面的短文填空，一空一词。
Title: Ethanol: __________________________ and Cheap Fuel
| Definition and uses |
A kind of |
It can be mixed with gas. |
| It helps remove some |
||
| It replaces some chemicals known to cause |
||
| It will take the place of |
||
| Production |
Ethanol |
From starch |
| From material found in solid |
||
| Opinions |
The public |
Demand the production and use of ethanol |
| The |
Approve the Clean Air Act |
|
| The |
Meet the expanding market |
|
| Environmentalists |
||
| Conclusion |
Ethanol, as a renewable fuel, will be produced and used more widely in the world, and it needs the support of law |
阅读下面短文，简要回答问题。
Baloney is a kind of sausage that many Americans eat often. The word also has another meaning in English. It is used to describe something—usually something someone says—that is false or wrong or foolish.
Baloney sausage comes from the name of the Italian city, Bologna. The city is famous for its sausage, a mixture of smoked, spiced meat from cows and pigs. But, boloney sausage does not taste the same as beef or pork alone.
Some language experts think this different taste is responsible for the birth of the expression baloney. Baloney is an idea or statement that is nothing like the truth...in the same way that baloney sausage tastes nothing like the meat that is used to make it.
Baloney is a word often used by politicians to describe the ideas of their opponents.
The expression has been used for years. Fifty years ago, a former governor of New York State, Alfred Smith, criticized some claims by President Franklin Roosevelt about the successes of the Roosevelt administration. Smith said, “No matter how thin you slice it, it is still baloney.”
A similar word has almost the same meaning as baloney. It even sounds almost the same. The word is blarney. It began in Ireland about 1600.
The lord of Blarney castle, near Cork, agreed to surrender the castle to British troops. But he kept making excuses for postponing the surrender. And, he made them sound like very good excuses, “this is just more of the same blarney.”
The Irish castle now is famous for its Blarney stone. Kissing the stone is thought to give a person special powers of speech. One who has kissed the Blarney stone, so the story goes, can speak words of praise so smoothly and sweetly that you believe them, even when you know they are false.
73.Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “baloney”.
74.According to Americans, what does baloney refer to? (回答词数不超过8个)
75.What do you know about the lord of Blarney castle, near Cork? (回答词数不超过6个)
I fell in love with England because it was quaint(古雅)—all those little houses, looking terribly old-fashioned but nice, like dolls’ houses. I loved the countryside and the pubs, and I love London. I’ve slightly changed my mind after seventeen years because I think it’s an ugly town now.
Things have changed. For everybody, England meant gentlemen, fair play and good manners. The fair play is going, unfortunately, and so are the gentlemanly attitudes and good manners—people shut doors heavily in your face and politeness is disappearing.
I regret that there are so few comfortable meeting places. You’re forced to live indoors. In Paris I go out much more, to restaurants and nightclubs. To meet friends here it usually has to be in a pub, and it can be difficult to go there alone as a woman. The cafes are not terribly nice.
As a woman, I feel unsafe here. I spend a bomb on taxis because I will not take public transport after 10 p.m. I used to use it, but now I’m afraid.
The idea of family seems to be more or less non-existent in England. My family is well united and that’s typically French. In Middlesex I had a neighbor who is 82 now. His family only lived two miles away, but I took him to France for Christmas once because he was always alone.The writer doesn’t like London because she___.
| A．is not used to the life there now | B．has lived there for seventeen years |
| C．prefers to live in an old-fashioned house | D．has to be polite to everyone she meets there |
Where do people usually meet their friends in England?
| A．In a café. | B．In a restaurant. | C．In a nightclub. | D．In a pub. |
The underlined part “it” (in Para.4) refers to ___.
| A．a taxi | B．the money | C．a bomb | D．public transport |
The writer took her neighbor to France for Christmas because he ___.
| A．felt lonely | B．had never been to France |
| C．was from a typically French family | D．didn’t like the British idea of family |
A man spoke with the Lord about heaven and hell. The Lord said to the man, “Come, I will show you hell.” They entered a room ___1___ a group of people sat around a huge pot of meat. Everyone was skinny, desperate and starving. Each ___2___ (hold) a spoon that could reach the pot, but each spoon had a handle so much longer ___3___ their own arms ___4___ it could not be used to get the stew into their own mouths. The suffering was terrible.
“Come, now I will show you ___5___.” The Lord said after a while. They entered another room, similar __6___ the first—the pot of meat, the group of people, the same long-handle spoons. ___7___ there everyone was happy, healthy and satisfied.
“I don’t understand,” said the man. “___8___ are they happy here when they were miserable in the other room and everything was the ___9___?” The Lord smiled. “Ah, it is simple,” he said. “Here they have learned to feed each ___10___.”
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information for the passage. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.
A Low-Carbon Economy (LCE) refers to an economy which has a minimal emission of greenhouse gas (GHG), namely, carbon dioxide into the biosphere(生物圈). Recently, most of the scientists and the public hold the opinion that the climate is changing because there is such an accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere due to human activities. The over-concentration of these gases is producing global warming that affects long-term climate, with negative impacts on humanity in the foreseeable future. LCE, therefore, is proposed as a means to avoid catastrophic climate change.
All nations which are considered carbon intensive societies and societies which are heavily populated should become zero-carbon societies and economies. Several of these countries have promised to become 'low carbon' but not entirely zero carbon, and claim that emissions will be cut by 100% by balancing emissions rather than ceasing all emissions.
Nuclear power and the strategies of carbon capture and storage (CCS) have been proposed as the primary means to achieve a LCE while continuing to exploit non-renewable resources. Scientists are afraid, however, whether the spent-nuclear-fuel can be stored, and whether it is secure. Also they are not certain about the costs and time needed to successfully implement CCS worldwide and whether the stored emissions will leak into the biosphere or not. Alternatively, many have proposed renewable energy should be the main basis of a LCE, but, they have their associated problems of high-cost and inefficiency; this is changing, however, since investment and production have been growing significantly in recent times. Furthermore, it has been proposed that to make the transition to an LCE economically attractive we would have to attach a cost (per unit output) to GHGs through means such as emissions trading and/or a carbon tax.
A LCE is aimed to integrate all aspects of itself from its manufacturing, agriculture, transportation to power-generation around technologies that produce energy and materials with little GHG emission and thus around populations, buildings, machines and devices which use those energies and materials efficiently and dispose of or recycle its wastes so as to have a minimal output of GHGs.
Title: 71
I. 72 : an economy with a minimal output of GHG
II. 73 of the present economy:
● global warming
● long-term climate change
● 74 on humanity
III. 75 :
● to produce energy and materials with little GHG emission
● to use those energies and materials efficiently
● to have 76 of GHGs
IV. 77 to achieve a LCE:
●nuclear power
●the strategies of carbon capture and storage
● renewable energy
● 78
● a carbon tax
V. 79 :
● spent-nuclear-fuel storage / storage of spent-nuclear-fuel
● 80
● uncertainty about the costs and time needed
Directions: Complete the following passage by using ONE word that best fits the context.
An American soldier called his parents from San Francisco after a war. “Mom and Dad, I’m coming
home, but I’ve got a favor to ask. I have a friend I’d like to bring 48 me.”
“Sure,” they replied. “We’d love to meet him.”
“There’s something you should know,” the son continued. “He was hurt pretty 49 in the fighting. He stepped on a land mine 50 lost an arm and a leg. He has nowhere else to go, and I want him to come and live with us.”
“I’m sorry to hear that, son. Maybe we can help him find 51 to live.”
“No, Mom and Dad, I want him to live with us.”
“Son,” said the father, “Someone like him would be a terrible burden on us. Just come home and forget about this guy. He will find a way to live on his 52 .”
At that point, the son hung up the 53 .
A few days later, the parents received a call from the San Francisco police. Their son had died after falling from a building, 54 the police believed was suicide. They went and recognized him, but 55 their horror, they also discovered something they didn’t expect: their son had only one arm and one leg.
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