Children have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a referee(裁判) and rarely trouble to keep scores. They don’t care much about who wins or loses, and it doesn’t seem to worry them if the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compared. They also enjoy games that move in stages, in which each stage, the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start, is almost a game in itself.
Grown-ups can hardly find children’s games exciting, and they often feel puzzled（迷惑的）at why their kids play such simple games again and again. However, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinarily afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn. He can be confident, too, in particular games, that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss someone he has caught.
It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their control. Everyone knows the rules, and more importantly, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that every child has a chance to win. What is true about children when they play games?
| A．They can stop playing any time they like. |
| B．They can test their personal abilities. |
| C．They want to pick a better team. |
| D．They don’t need rules. |
To become a leader in a game the child has to ________.
| A．play well |
| B．wait for his turn |
| C．be confident in himself |
| D．be popular among his playmates |
Why does a child like playing games?
| A．Because he can be someone other than himself. |
| B．Because he can become popular among friends. |
| C．Because he finds he is always lucky in games. |
| D．Because he likes the place where he plays a game. |
The writer believes that _____.
| A．children should make better rules for their games. |
| B．children should invite grown-ups to play with them. |
| C．children’s games can do them a lot of good. |
| D．children play games without reasons. |
Do you sleep well? Some people get off to sleep as soon as the head hits the pillow, but many others are not so lucky．In fact，the lack of quality sleep has become a public health issue around the world．According to the World Association of Sleep Medicine，45 percent of the world’s population suffer from sleep problems．One in eight people don’t sleep well and are easily woken．7．6 percent sleep less than 3 hours each night．Some even can not fall asleep for several days in a row．
As a basic bodily and mental need，sleep is essential for our survival．It helps us to fight diseases，strengthen our memory, perform better in work and school and improve our quality of life．Lack of sleep is known to have a significant negative influence on health，both in the short and long term．Poor sleep has been associated with obesity, weakened immune systems and even some cancers，as well as depression and anxiety．
The World Sleep Day, held on the third Friday of March，is an annual celebration of sleep to lighten the burden of sleep problems through better prevention and management of sleep disorders．
Unhealthy lifestyle may be the first to blame for sleeplessness．More and more people use cellphones and computers in bed，with many staying up until midnight．Modern technology does make our life convenient，but abuse of it ruins our health．Environmental conditions，such as temperature，noise，light，bed comfort also play an important role in one’s ability to get proper sleep．Besides，improper evening diet，like a full or an empty stomach，coffee and alcohol all contribute to sleep problems．Of course，when it comes to causing poor sleep stress from finances，family or work should never be ignored．
However, those who suffer from sleep disorders don’t necessarily have to continue to do so—most sleep problems can be solved．What can be inferred from Paragraph 1 ？
| A．Nobody can stay awake for several days． |
| B．All people are going through sleep problems． |
| C．Sleep problems have become a worldwide concern． |
| D．The majority of the world’s population can’t sleep well． |
What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?
| A．The influences of lack of sleep． |
| B．The possible causes of poor sleep． |
| C．Poor sleep is associated with illness． |
| D．Good sleep helps us to perform better． |
What will be discussed in the paragraph that follows?
| A．The harm of sleep problems． |
| B．Activities on the World Sleep Day． |
| C．Interviews of poor sleep sufferers． |
| D．Measures against sleep problems． |
American cities are similar to other cities around the world．In every country, cities reflect the values of the culture．American cities are changing，just as American society is changing．
After World War II，the population of most large American cities decreased；however, the population in many Sun Belt cities increased．In the late 1940s and early 1950s，city residents became wealthier．They had more children so they needed more space．They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes．They bought houses in the suburbs（郊区）．
Now things are changing，the children of the people who left the cities in the 1950s are now adults．Many, unlike their parents，want to live in the cities．They continue to move to Sun Belt cities and older ones of the Northeast and Midwest．Many young professionals are moving back into the city．They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there；or they just enjoy the excitement and possibilities that the city offers．
This population shift（迁移）is bringing problems as well as benefits．Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent．In the 1950s，many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs；now many of these same people do not have enough money to stay in the cities．
Only a few years ago，people thought that the older American cities were dying．Some city residents now see a bright，new future．Others see only problems and conflicts．One thing is sure：many dying cities in America are alive again．What does the author think of cities all over the world?
| A．They are dying． | B．They are hopeless． |
| C．They are similar． | D．They are different． |
Why did American city residents want to live in the suburbs after World War II?
| A．Because older American cities were dying． |
| B．Because they were richer and needed more space． |
| C．Because cities contained the worst parts of society． |
| D．Because they could hardly afford to live in the city． |
According to the 4th paragraph，a great many poor people in American cities____．
| A．are faced with housing problems |
| B．are forced to move back to the suburbs |
| C．want to sell their buildings |
| D．need more money for daily expenses |
We can conclude from the text that_________________．
| A．American cities are changing for the worse |
| B．people have different views on American cities |
| C．older people prefer the city to the suburbs in America |
| D．the population is decreasing in older American cities |
Parents often believe that they have a good relationship with their teenagers．But last summer，Joanna and Henry noticed a change in their older son：suddenly he seemed to be talking more to his friends than to his parents．“The door to his room is always shut，”Joanna noted．
Tina and Mark noticed similar changes in their 14-year-old daughter．“She used to cuddle up（蜷伏）with me on the sofa and talk，”said Mark．“Now we joke that she does this only when she wants something．Sometimes she wants to be treated like a little girl and sometimes like a young lady．The problem is figuring out which time is which．”
Before age 11，children like to tell their parents what’s on their minds．“In fact，parents are first on the list，”said Michael Riera，author of Uncommon Sense for Parents with Teenagers．“This completely changes during the teen years，”Riera explained．“They talk to their friends first，then maybe their teachers，and their parents last．”
Parents who know what’s going on in their teenagers’ lives are in the best position to help them．To break down the wall of silence，parents should create chances to understand what their children want to say，and try to find ways to talk and write to them．And they must give their children a mental break，for children also need freedom，though young．Another thing parents should remember is that to be a friend，not a manager，with their children is a better way to know them．“The door to his room is always shut”suggests that the son________．
| A．is always busy with his studies |
| B．is angry with his parents |
| C．keeps himself away from his parents |
| D．begins to dislike his parents |
What troubles Tina and Mark most is that_______．
| A．their daughter isn’t as lovely as before |
| B．they can’t read their daughter’s mind exactly |
| C．they don’t know what to say to their daughter |
| D．their daughter has grown up so quickly |
Which of the following best explains“the wall of silence”in the last paragraph?
| A．Teenagers do not talk much with their parents． |
| B．Teenagers do not want to understand their parents． |
| C．Teenagers talk a lot with their friends． |
| D．Teenagers talk much about their own lives． |
What can be learned from the passage?
| A．Parents are unhappy with their growing children． |
| B．Parents have suitable ways to talk with their teenagers． |
| C．Parents should force their children to talk with them． |
| D．Parents should try to understand their teenagers． |
Every day, Daisy wakes up next to a man，who has to convince her they are married．When she expresses doubt，he takes out a photo album and shows her pictures of their wedding 13 years ago·
Only then does amnesiac Daisy accept that she has been married，and that everything he has told her is true．The lady’s condition was caused by brain injuries suffered in two road accidents，a motorbike crash in 1985 and a car accident in 1990．Since then everything that happens on one day is forgotten the next day．
She has no day-to-day memory after the car crash．And it is not just loved ones that Daisy struggles with．She uses hundreds of notes and reminders on her mobile phone’s calendar to keep her informed of appointments and everyday duties．And on the rare occasions when she takes the risk of going out of her home alone，she has to be armed with navigation（导航）programmed with her address．
There are some benefits，however．There is no such thing as a repeat on TV and every joke is funny, because it seemed she has heard it the first time．“It’s like I am living the same day, day after day,’’ said Daisy, who does voluntary work at a charity for people with disabilities three days a week．
Dr Peter Nestor said Daisy was suffering from anterograde（顺行的）amnesia．He added，“It is reasonably rare，but it does exist．You are able to carry out day-to-day things，and don’t forget how to do certain things like speaking．But if someone was to ask you what you did yesterday, you wouldn’t have a clue．”What caused Daisy’s condition?
| A．Her disability since birth． |
| B．Brain injuries in accidents． |
| C．Her declining health． |
| D．Tiring working． |
How did Daisy’s family help remind her?
| A．By taking her to the hospital． |
| B．By telling her jokes． |
| C．By showing her old photos and pictures． |
| D．By persuading her to recall the car crash． |
The underlined word“amnesiac”in Paragraph 2 probably means
| A．strong | B．optimistic |
| C．warm-hearted | D．forgetful |
Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
| A．Daisy could still enjoy a lot in spite of her illness． |
| B．The only thing Daisy kept in mind was her home． |
| C．Daisy couldn’t do anything but stay at home． |
| D．Daisy didn’t want to trust anyone else． |
“OK,”I said to my daughter as she bent over her afternoon bowl of rice．“What’s going on with you and your friend J．?” J．is the leader of a group of third-graders at her camp-- a position Lucy herself occupied the previous summer．Now she’s the one on the outs．and every day at snack time, she tells me all about it, while I offer the unhelpful advice all summer long．
“She’s fond of giving orders, ”Lucy complained．“She’s turning everyone against me．She’s mean．And she’s fat．” “Excuse me,” I said, struggling for calm．“What did you just said?” “She’s fat．” Lucy mumbled（含糊地说）．“We’re going upstairs,” I said, my voice cold．“We’re going to discuss this．” And up we went．I’d spent the nine years since her birth getting ready for this day, the day we’d have the conversation about this horrible word．I knew exactly what to say to the girl on the receiving end of the teasing, but in all of my imaginings, it never once occurred to me that my daughter would be the one who used the F word-Fat．
My daughter sat on her bed, and I sat beside her．“How would you feel if someone made fun of you for something that wasn’t your fault?” I began．“She could stop eating so much,” Lucy mumbled, mouthing the simple advice a thousand doctors have given overweight women for years．
“It’s not always that easy,” I said ．“Everyone’s different in terms of how they treat food．” Lucy looked at me, waiting for me to go on．I opened my mouth, then closed it．Should I tell her that, in teasing a woman’s weight, she’s joined the long tradition of critics? Should I tell her I didn’t cry when someone posted my picture and commented , “I’m sorry, but aren’t authors who write books marketed to young women supposed to be pretty?”
Does she need to know, now, that life isn’t fair ? I feel her eyes on me, waiting for an answer I don’t have．Words are my tools．Stories are my job．It’s possible she’ll remember what I say forever, and I have no idea what to say．
So I tell her the only thing I can come up with that is absolutely true．I say to my daughter, “I love you, and there is nothing you could ever do to make me not love you．But I’m disappointed in you right now．There are plenty of reasons for not liking someone．What she looks like isn’t one of them．”
Lucy nods, tears on her cheeks．“I won’t say that again,” she tells me, and I pull her close, pressing my nose against her hair．As we sit there together, I pray for her to be smart and strong．I pray for her to find friends, work she loves, a partner who loves her．And still, always, I pray that she will never struggle as I’ve struggled, that weight will never be her cross to bear．She may not be able to use the word in our home, but I can use in my head．I pray that she will never get fat．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 indicates that Lucy ______．
| A．often makes fun of her friend J． |
| B．has turned against her friend J． |
| C．gets along well with her friend J． |
| D．has begun to compete with her friend J． |
Why does the author want to discuss with Lucy?
| A．Because she wants to offer some other helpful advice． |
| B．Because she has prepared the conversation for nine years． |
| C．Because she is really shocked at Lucy’s rudeness． |
| D．Because she decides to tell Lucy a similar story of her own． |
What does the author want to tell her daughter?
| A．It is not easy to take the doctors’ advice to eat less． |
| B．People shouldn’t complain because life is unfair． |
| C．She herself was once laughed at for her appearance． |
| D．People shouldn’t be blamed for their appearance． |
It can be inferred from the passage that_________．
| A．the author earns a living by writing stories． |
| B．the author is a fat but good-looking woman． |
| C．the author will stop loving her daughter for what she said． |
| D．the author’s daughter agreed with her from the very beginning． |
We can learn from the last paragraph that_________．
| A．Lucy was deeply moved by her mother’s prayer． |
| B．a mother’s prayer will shape her daughter’s attitude towards life |
| C．the author allows her daughter to use the F word in her head |
| D．the author hopes her daughter will never have weight trouble |
The author’s attitude towards her daughter can be best described as _________．
| A．loving but strict | B．indifferent but patient |
| C．satisfied and friendly | D．unsatisfied and angry |
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