So you thought the hamburger was the world’s most popular fast food? After all, McDonald’s Golden Arches span the globe. But no, there is another truly universal fast food, the ultimate（极好的）fast food. It’s easy to make, easy to serve, much more varied that the hamburger, can be eaten with the hands, and it’s delivered to your front door or served in fancy restaurants. It’s been one of America’s favourite foods for over 50 years. It is, of course, the pizza.
It’s kind of silly to talk about the moment when pizza was “invented”. It gradually evolved over the years, but one thing’s for certain—it’s been around for a very long time. The idea of using pieces of flat, round bread as plates came from the Greeks. They called them ‘plakuntos’and ate them with various simple toppings such as oil, garlic, onions, and herbs. The Romans enjoyed eating something similar and called it ‘picea’. By about 1000 a.d. in the city of Naples, ‘picea’ had become ‘pizza’ and people were experimenting with more toppings: cheese, ham, anchovies, and finally the tomato, brought to Italy from Mexico and Peru in the sixteenth century. Naples became the pizza capital of the world. In 1889, King UmbertoⅠand Queen Margherita heard about pizza and asked to try it. They invited pizza maker, Raffele Esposito, to make it for them. He decided to make the pizza like the Italian flag, so he used red tomatoes, white mozzarella cheese, and green basil leaves. The Queen loved it and the new pizza was named ‘Pizza Margherita’ in her honour.
Pizza migrated to America with the Italians at the end of the nineteenth century. The first pizzeria in the United States was opened in 1905 at 53 Spring Street, New York City, by Gennaro Lombardi. But the popularity of pizza really exploded when American soldiers returned from Italy after World WarⅡ and raved about ‘that great Italian dish’. Americans are now the greatest producers and consumers of pizza in the world.When did pizza become really popular in the United States?
| A．After 1945. | B．At the end of nineteenth century. |
| C．In 1905. | D．In 1889. |
What do the Italian flag and a Pizza Margherita have in common?
| A．There is a picture of a Pizza Margherita on the flag. |
| B．They have the same colours. |
| C．Both of them represent Italy. |
| D．They are as popular as each other in Italy. |
Which one is the correct timeline of the evolvement of pizza?
| A．pizza, plakuntos, picea |
| B．picea, plakuntos, pizza |
| C．plakuntos, pizza, picea |
| D．plakuntos, picea, pizza |
Why are Mexico and Peru important in the development of pizza?
| A．Because pizza was invented in these countries. |
| B．Because the people in these countries are the greatest consumers of pizza in the world. |
| C．Because one kind of toppings was brought to Italy from these countries. |
| D．Because pizza first became popular in these two countries. |
Which one is the best title for the passage?
| A．McDonald’s and Pizza. |
| B．The Popularity of Pizza in the United States. |
| C．Global Pizza. |
| D．How to Make Pizza. |
The earth is the only planet that scientists think has life. Why does the earth have life while the other planets (行星) don't? For one thing, the earth is just the right temperature. As the_third_planet from the sun, the earth seems to be just the right distance away. The planets which are closer to the sun are hot that their surfaces bake (烘烤) in the sun. The farthest planets are cold balls.
When the earth developed — which scientists believe may have happened about 4 billion years ago — many gases covered the earth. The gases caused the earth to be hot. But something wonderful happened. The temperature was just right for thick clouds to form. It rained very hard for a very long time. This gave the earth its oceans. Water made it possible for plants to grow. The plants created oxygen in the atmosphere. Oxygen is the gas that humans and animals breathe.
Only one other planet in the solar system seems to be something like the earth. That planet is Mars (火星). Mars is smaller than the earth, and it is quite a bit cooler. But it is not too cold for humans. On some days, the temperatures are as low as a winter day in the northern United States. If you wore a special space suit, you could walk around on Mars. You would have to bring your own air to breathe, the air on Mars is too thin to breathe.
Mars has the largest volcano (火山) in the solar system. It is sixteen miles high. The highest volcano on the earth is five miles high. The most unexpected (未预测到的) sight on Mars is dried up river beds. Scientists believe that Mars was once much better than it is now. Does this mean there could have been living things on Mars? Scientists are not sure, but there has been no sign so far.Which of the following is NOT the reason that the earth has life?
| A．The earth is just the right temperature. |
| B．The volcanos on earth are lower than those on Mars. |
| C．There is oxygen in the atmosphere of the earth. |
| D．The earth seems to be just the right distance away from the sun. |
The underlined phrase “the third planet” in the first paragraph refers to ________.
| A．the Sun | B．the Moon |
| C．the Earth | D．the Mars |
Which of the following about the Mars is NOT true?
| A．There could have been living things on Mars. |
| B．Mars has the largest volcano in the solar system. |
| C．There is almost no oxygen in the air on Mars. |
| D．Mars is smaller than the earth, and it is quite a bit cooler. |
There are a number of different ways to study a language, each of which has advantages and disadvantages. You may find a combination of these is a best choice for you.
If you can find a course in the language you want to learn in your country, this is quite a good way to study. A variety of courses are usually available, including part-time and full-time courses. If you look around, you can probably find a course that suits your needs.
The main advantage of such courses is that you’ll have a teacher to provide you with instructions, support and with whom to practice your language. You will also be studying with others who are at more or less the same level and you can exchange ideas with them and help one another.
One choice is to study a language in a country where it’s spoken. There are many schools teaching English, French, Spanish, Italian and German, but far fewer teaching other languages. The main advantage of studying abroad is that you are totally in the language, not just in class, but the rest of the time as well. As a result, you can make rapid progress.
The main disadvantage of studying abroad is the cost, not just of your course, but also of your food and travel. However, if you’re a native speaker of English, you could get a job teaching English in a country where the language you want to learn is spoken.
Studying online is also a good choice. There are plenty to choose from a lot of languages. Many are free but there are some you have to pay for. Some of the paid ones provide support from teachers via email, chat programs, video conferencing, telephone or even face to face.Studying in your country has many advantages except that _____.
| A．there are many courses to choose from |
| B．you can study with others of the same level |
| C．all the courses are free of charge |
| D．the teacher can offer you instructions and practice |
Compared with two other ways, the obvious disadvantage of studying abroad lies in its _____.
| A．various courses | B．high cost | C．studying time | D．job chances |
The online courses ________.
| A．are all free of charge |
| B．can’t be found everywhere |
| C．can be easily taken on the Internet |
| D．are all supported by teachers |
What can we learn from this passage? ________
| A．Studying abroad is the only good way to study English. |
| B．All the online courses are very easy to study. |
| C．If you study a language in your own country, you can study with more partners of the same level. |
| D．You can get any job you like after studying abroad. |
February has long been a month of romance. With the sweet smell of roses in the air, romantic films hit cinemas and love stories fill newspapers and magazines.
On the 14th day, it is a custom for a boy to take his girlfriend out to dinner, buy her flowers and chocolates, write poems, sing to her or even spell out her name with rose petals! This is what you see on Valentine’s Day, a day named after Valentine who was a priest in the third century Rome. When the emperor (皇帝) decided that single men could become better soldiers than those with wives, he didn’t allow marriage. But Valentine continued to perform marriage ceremonies for young lovers in secret. When his actions were discovered, the emperor sentenced him to death. While in prison, it is said that Valentine fell in love with the daughter of his prison guard. Before his death, he wrote her a letter, which he signed “From your Valentine”, an expression that is still in use today. Valentine died for what he believed in and so he was made a Saint (圣徒), as well as becoming one of history’s most romantic characters.
Nowadays, Valentine’s Day is also popular among Chinese young people. Some students are planning to make Valentine’s cards for parents, teachers and friends. Others want to hold parties at which they will exchange small gifts and eat heart-shaped cakes. The idea is to have fun and encourage people to share in the spirit of St. Valentine. Why did the emperor in Rome not allow marriage in his country?
| A．Because there were few women in his country at that time. |
| B．Because he thought men without wives could be better soldiers. |
| C．Because there wasn’t enough food for so many people. |
| D．Because he wanted to control the birth rate. |
Valentine was put into prison because ______.
| A．he killed one of the soldiers |
| B．he stole a lot of food |
| C．he didn’t obey the emperor’s order |
| D．he didn’t want to be a soldier |
The last paragraph mainly tells us ______.
| A．students in China send cards to their teachers |
| B．it is a good idea to celebrate Valentine’s Day in China |
| C．it is interesting to celebrate Valentine’s Day in China |
| D．Valentine’s Day is also popular in China now |
The best title for this passage should be ______.
| A．Valentine’s Day | B．A Brave Priest |
| C．Valentine’s Day in China | D．A Romantic Man |
The aims of the Illustrators(插图画家)Exhibition，staged as part of the Bologna Children’s Book Fair，organized by BolognaFiere and held from 19 to 22．March 2012，are to bring illustrators and publishers together and to promote illustrators and their works among publishers．
QUALIFICATIONS
*Individual illustrators or groups of illustrators of any nationality, if they were born before 31st December l994，whose artwork is intended for use in children’s books，are qualified to enter the Exhibition, either directly or through publishing houses or schools．
*Please state in the application form whether you are entering work for the Fiction or Non-fiction Category．Illustrators may only enter one category.
*Artwork previously presented to the Exhibition may not be re-entered．
*The confirmation form must be filled in and a photograph attached, then presented together with illustrations no later than 26 September 2011．
SHIPMENT
Entries may be delivered by post，express delivery service or by hand．From abroad，please use the following forms：Form “A” for registered mail or post by air；Form “B” if using an international forwarding agent or airline.
To avoid deiays, material should not be sent by normal post．Material should be sent “carriage paid”，including any customs and delivery costs．
BolognaFiere may not be held responsible for the non-arrival or late arrival of artwork．All published works must be accompanied by a declaration bearing the ISBN number，publisher’s name and address．
REQUIREMENTS
The illustrations (i.e. the size of the sheet) must not exceed (超过) the following dimensions：
Fiction：32*42cm(or 42*32cm)
Non-fiction：50*70cm(70*50cm)
Illustrations in larger formats will not be considered，nor will they be returned by BolognaFiere．The illustrations must be on paper or flexible board，maximum thickness 2mm(for scanner separation purposes).
SELECTIONPROCESS
All artwork received by the stated deadtine and meeting the specified requirements will be examined and selected by an international group(whose decision is final)，inclnding five members(from publishing houses and art schools) appointed each year by BolognaFiere.
ANNUAL
Each illustrator selected by the Committee will be granted two pages in the Annual，for the reproduction of all or some of the illustrations as well as a space for the bibliography(参考书目). BotognaFiere has the fight to choose the works to be published in the Annual and to make complete or partial reproductions．
EXHIBITIONS ABROAD
After the Bologna event，the illustrator Exhibition will travel to Japan under the supervision of JBBY．The illustrator exhibition may afterwards be transferred to other venues(场馆)in other countries，The Exhibitions of illustrations held abroad follow the same rules and regulations as the illustrator Exhibition，and the provision(条款)of the regulations are extended to tile organizers of the exhibitions held abroad．
RETURN OF ARTWORK
All the works will be returned to their owners by BolognaFiere by the end of July 2012．According to the text，the Illustrators Exhibitions
| A．will last five days in all in July every other year |
| B．is intended for college students who are good at painting |
| C．is held by the Bologna Children's Book Fair |
| D．can strengthen the relationship between illustrators and publishers |
The illustrators of the Illustrators Exhibitions
| A．should be at least 16 and no more than 25 |
| B．may re-enter their artwork after it is returned |
| C．should state the category of their artwork clearly |
| D．may choose to attach a photo to the application form |
Which of the following is unacceptable for delivering entries?
| A．Normal post． | B．Airline post． |
| C．Registered mail． | D．Express delivery． |
What is BolognaFiere responsible for?
| A．Paying for the delivery costs． |
| B．Late arrival of artwork． |
| C．Confirmation of the ISBN number． |
| D．Returning the illustrator’s works． |
The Illustrators’ works will not be considered if they
| A．are received after the day of 26 September 2011 |
| B．are smaller than the size 32*42cm |
| C．are thinner than 2mm |
| D．don’t meet the demands of the international cxperts |
“It hurts me more than you，’’and “This is for your own good．’’These are the statements my mother used to make years ago when I had to learn Latin，clean my room，stay home and do homework.
That was before we entered the permissive period in educafion in which we decided it was all right not to push our children to achieve their best in school．The schools and the educators made it easy on us．They thought that it was all right to be parents who take a let-alone policy. We stopped making our children do homework. We gave them calculators，turned on the television，left the teaching to the teachers and went on vacation．
Now teachers，faced with children who have been developing at their own pace for the past 15 years，are realizing we’ve made a terrible mistake．One such teacher is Sharon Klompus who says of her students-“so passive”-and-wonders what happened．Nothing was demanded of them，she believes. Television，says Klompus，contributes to children’s passivity．“We’re not training kids to work any more,” says Klompus．“we’re talking about a generation of kids who’ve never been hurt or hungry．They have learned somebody will always do it for them. Instead of saying ‘go look it up’，you tell them the answer．It takes greater energy to say no to a kid．”
Yes，it does．It takes energy and it takes work. It’s time for parents to end their vacation and come back to work．It’s time to take the car away, to turn the TV off, to tell them it hurts you more than them but it's for their own good．It’s time to start telling them no again.Why are children becoming more inactive in study?
| A．Because they watch TV too often |
| B．Because they have done too much homework． |
| C．Because they have to fulfill too many duties． |
| D．Because teachers are too strict with them． |
To such children as described in the passage
| A．it is easier to say no than to say yes |
| B．neither is easy-to say yes or to say no |
| C．it is easier to say yes than to say no |
| D．neither is difficult-to say yes or to say no |
We learn from the passage that the author’s mother used to lay emphasis on
| A．1earning Latin |
| B．natural development |
| C．discipline |
| D．education at school |
By “permissive period in education’’the author means a time ．
| A．when children are allowed to do what they wish to |
| B．when everything can be taught at school |
| C．when every child can be educated |
| D．when ehildren are permitted to receive education |
What is the main idea of the passage?
| A．Parents should leave their children alone， |
| B．Kids should have more activities at school． |
| C．It’s time to be stricter with our kids． |
| D．Parents should always set a good example to their kids． |
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