Happiness pays off, studies show.
Psychologists seeking the real secrets of happiness report that very happy people tend to be more extroverted and agreeable than less happy people.
“Our findings suggest that very happy people have rich and satisfying social relationships and spend little time alone compared to average people,” write psychologists Ed Diener and Martin E. P. Seligman in the journal Psychological Science.
Solid social relationships do not promise happiness, but they are an important contributing factor. The very happy people whom the authors studied all said they had good quality social relationships. However, the authors write, there is no single key to high happiness. “High happiness seems to be like beautiful symphonic music--including many instruments, without any one being enough for the beautiful quality.”
Diener regards happiness as “subjective (主观的) wellbeing”--in other words, the person evaluates his or her own quality of life. The question to ask is, “Is my life going well, according to the standards I choose to use?” If the answer is “yes”, then that person is judged to be happy.
Because people evaluate their lives based on happiness, subjective wellbeing is very important. Though necessary, it is not enough for having a good life. “Subjective wellbeing seems quite necessary for the ‘good society’, although it is not enough for that society because there are other things we also value and would want in such a place.” says Diener.
Can subjective wellbeing be measured scientificall? Diener points out three parts contributing to happiness: pleasant emotions and moods, lack of negative emotions and moods, and satisfaction judgment, to which other factors including cheerfulness and feelings of fulfillment may be added.
There is no magic formula for happiness. Diener suggests steps you can take to ensure you are as happy as you can be. Surrounding yourself with good friends and family--people who care about you and whom you care about--is a start. Joining in activities you enjoy and value is also important; whether it’s work or play, keeping busy in an environment enjoyable to you will contribute much to your subjective wellbeing. In addition, a healthy outlook is necessary.The underlined word “extroverted” probably means________.
| A．pleasant and social | B．hardworking and active |
| C．careful and shy | D．warmhearted and helpful |
Happiness and symphonic music are common in that________.
| A．they are both something beautiful |
| B．they both make people feel pleased |
| C．they both depend on more than one factor |
| D．they are both hard to achieve |
According to Diener, a person can be judged to be happy when he________.
| A．has rich and satisfying social relationships |
| B．spends more time with other people |
| C．joins in a lot of activities he enjoys and keeps himself optimistic |
| D．thinks his life is going well according to his own standards |
Which of the following does NOT belong to factors contributing to happiness?
| A．Pleasant moods. |
| B．Negative emotions. |
| C．Satisfaction judgment. |
| D．Feelings of fulfillment. |
The Internet has led to a huge increase in credit-card fraud. Your card information could even be for sale in an illegal Web site. Web sites o
ffering cheap goods and services should be regarded with care. On-line shoppers who enter their credit-card information may never receive the goods they thought they bought.
The thieves then go shopping with your card number or sell the information over the Internet.
Computers hackers have broken down security systems, raising questions about the safety of cardholder information. Several months ago, 25 000 customers of CD Universe, an on-line music retailer(批发商), were not lucky. Their names, addresses and credit-card numbers were posted on a Web site after the retailer refused to pay US $157 828 to get back the information.
Credit-card firms are now fighting against on-line fraud. Master card is working on plans for Web-only credit card, with a lower credit limit. The card could be used only for shopping on-line.
However, there are a few simple steps you can take to keep from being cheated.
Ask about your credit-card firm’s on-line rules: Under British law, cardholders are responsible for the first US $78 of any fraudulent spending.
And shop only at secure sites: Send your credit-card information only if the Web site offers advanced secure system.
If the security is in place, a letter will appear in the bottom right-hand
corner of your screen. the Web site address may also start with https://-- the extra “s” stands for secure. If in doubt, give your credit-card information over the telephone.
Keep your password safe: Most online sites require a user name and password before placing an order. Treat your passwords with care.
36. What do most people worry about the Internet according to this passage?
A. A lot of stolen credit-cards were sold on the Internet. B. Fraud on the Internet.
C. Many Web sites are destroyed. D. Many illegal Web sites are on the Internet.
37. What is the meaning of “fraud”?
A. cheating B. sale C. payment D. safety
38. How can the thieves get the information of the c
redit-card?
A. The customers give them the information. B. The thieves steal the information from Web sites.
C. The customers sell the information to them. D. Both A and B.
39. How many pieces of advice does the passage give to you?
A. Four. B. Three. C. Five. D. Six.
40. You are shopping on the site: http: //www. shopping. com, and you want to buy a TV set, what does this article suggest doing?
A. Order the TV set at once. B. Do not buy the TV set on this site.
C. E-mail the site your credit-card information.
D. Tell the site your password and buy the TV set for you.
London Summer School in Classics
Dates
The London Summer School in Classics 2010 will be held at King’s College London. It will run from 8th July until 17th July. Applications close on 2nd June.
For an application form, please download either the 2-page PDF or the word format document from the foot of the page.
If you have any problems downloading the application form or any questions, please contact: London Summer School in Classics, King’s College London.
Tel: 020 7848 2299
Fax: 020 7848 2545
Organization
The school is organized by the colleges of the University of London. The summer school offers eight days of intensive teaching in Greek and Lat
in. There are four language classes each day as well as lectures and a debate, between 10:30 am and 4:30 pm. The course is not residential (提供住宿的), and there is no teaching during the weekend of 12th to 13th July.
The fee is £85.00. Travel grants (旅行补助金) are available as a contribution to your travel costs, but may not cover all your expenses. The travel grants are arranged during the summer school.
Teaching is generally in groups of 12-15 people and it, as far as possible, comprises (包含) of students of roughly the same level of experience. The style of teaching is friendly, but demanding: a lot of work is expected from students during the school, but they usually find the whole experience both stimulating and valuable. Some classes concentrate chiefly on reading, while others offer a mixture of grammar and translation practice. Our tutors include some of the most experienced 
and talented teachers of Cla
ssics in the London area and beyond.
The Summer School in Classics caters for a wide range of interests and for both school & university st
udents as well as those who wish to learn Greek or Latin, or to recall their knowledge of the languages. Our principal concern is to provide a thorough program of language learning in a lively university environment.
31. To join in the school, you have to apply before ________.
A. 8th July, 2010 B. 2nd June, 2010 C. 17th July, 2010 D. 13th July, 2010
32. As a student of the school, you are probably asked to _______.
A. do a lot of reading in Greek and Latin B. learn the grammar of Greek and Latin only
C. do some translation work only D. speak Greek and Latin with experienced teachers
33. What is the London Summer School in Classics most concerned about?
A. Providing a stimulating experience for students.
B. Promoting students to develop a wide range of interests.
C. Teaching students languages in a lively environment.
D. Improving students’ level of debating in the argument.
34. Wh
ich is one of the teaching ways of the school?
A. Student groups consist of the same level students strictly.
B. Students needn’t do any work in the class.
C. Students learn Greek and Latin by listening to teachers all day.
D. Students are generally divided into groups of 12-15.
35. Which of the following can we know from the passage?
A. The fee is £85, including the travel costs. B. Students needn’t go to class on 12th and 13th July.
C. People should fill in two application forms. D. People can contact the school by phone or email.
Ⅱ阅读（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.
Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly (均匀的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.
“We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth.”
According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.
The researchers studied c
ultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.”
In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.
26. The discovery shows that Westerners _______.
A. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth B. consider facial expressions universally reliable
C. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways
D. have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions
27. What were the people asked to do in the study?
A. To make a face at each other. B. To get their faces impressive.
C. To classify some face pictures. D. To observe the researchers' faces.
28. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refer to?
A. The participants in the study. B. The researchers of the study.
C. The errors made during the study. D. The data collected from the study.
29. In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to _______.
A. do translation more successfully B. study the mouth more frequently
C. examine the eyes more attentively D. read facial expressions more correctly
30. What can be the best title for the passage?
A. The Eye as the Window to the Soul B. Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions
C. Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills D. How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding
Five Olympic mascots were announced exactly 1000 days before the Beijing Olympic opening ceremony. The long--anticipated mascots represent four of China's most popular animals — the fish, the panda, the Tibetan antelope and the swallow .The fifth mascot is the brightly burning Olympic flame.
Each of the mascots has a repeated two-syllable name. This type of name is a traditional way of showing affection for children in China. BeiBei is the fish, JingJing is the panda, HuanHuan is the Olympic flame, YingYing is the Tibetan antelope and NiNi is the swallow. The first characters of their two-syllable names read “Beijing Huanying Ni,” or, in English, “Welcome to Beijing.”
The five elements of nature, including the sea, forest, fire, earth and sky are found in the mascot's origins and headpieces. These special headpieces also display the folk and culture of China. Each mascot also symbolizes a different blessing ---prosperity, happiness, passion, health and good luck.
It is the first time more than three mascots will share the important duty of representing their host country. Han Meilin, chief of the mascot design team explained that, “China has such a rich culture that no single mascot could possibly represent it! That is why we chose to produce five mascots instead of one.”
Called the “Five Friendlies,” the figures embody（体现） the Chinese people’s hope for peace and friendship in the world and the spirit of the Olympics, representing not only multi-ethnic(多民族的) cultures of China, but also the traditional Chinese philosophy of harmony between humans and nature.
In order to help Beijing 2008 spread its theme of One World, One Dream to every continent, the Five Friendlies reflect the deep desire of the Chinese people to reach out to the world in friendship through the Games — and to invite every man, woman and child to take part in the great celebration of human union in 2008.
51. What’s the theme of Beijing 2008 Olympics?
A. Welcome to Beijing.
B. Prosperity, Happiness, Passion, Health and Good luck.
C. New Beijing, New Olympics.
D. One World, One Dream.
52. What did Han Meilin, chief of the mascot design team, think of the five mascots?
A. He thought highly of the five mascots.
B. No single mascot could represent China.
C. The five mascots represented the culture of China.
D. They would reflect the desire of Chinese people.
53. Which of the following statements is not true?
A. It’s for the first time that five mascots are chosen to represent their host country in the Olympic history.
B. One of the five mascots YingYing stands for the Olympic flame.
C. Beijing announced its five 2008 Olympic mascots just 1000 days before the big event.
D. The five mascots express affection for Chinese children by two-syllable names.
54. Which of the following best reflects the main idea of the passage?
A. The 29th Olympic Games will be held in Beijing in 2008.
B. The theme of 2008 Beijing Olympics — One World, One Dream.
C. The significance of five 2008 Olympic mascots — the Five Friendlies.
D. How the Five Fantastic Mascots came into being.
55. What do the five mascots — the Five Friendlies represent?
A. “Beijing Huanying Ni,” or, in English, “Welcome to Beijing.”
B. Chinese multi-ethnic cultures, philosophy of harmony between humans and nature and five elements of nature.
C. Chinese people’s hope for peace and friendship in the world and the spirit of the Olympics.
D. The deep desire of the Chinese people to reach out to the world in friendship through the Olympics.
The naive fellow has never met a thief and firmly believes that he lives in a world without thieves. And, the female thief fights against other thieves only to protect this guy's "daydream". Sound strange? Then go to the cinema to see what happens in "A World Without Thieves" (Tianxia Wuzei). It's the latest offering from Chinese director Feng Xiaogang. The film will hit mainland cinemas on December 9, 2004.
Adapted from the book of the same name, it tells the story of a couple, both of them skillful thieves, who find their consciences on a thief-filled train.
Wang Bo (Andy Lau, or Liu Dehua) is a master pickpocket from Hong Kong. Wang Li (Rene Liu, or Liu Ruoying) is a "talented" cheat from Taiwan. They're partners in crime and passion, and cheat their way across China, until one day they run into Shagen (Wang Baoqiang) at a railway station.
An orphan since birth, Shagen spends more time with wolves than with men. He believes in the basic goodness of human nature and is convinced that he lives in a world without thieves. Having saved up 60,000 yuan after five years of hard work, he decides to go back to his hometown, build a house and get married.
However, the train Shagen boards is full of thieves. Besides Wang Bo and Wang Li, there is a gang of highwaymen under the control of Uncle Bill (Ge You). While Bill's men are trying to get Shagen's savings, Wang Li takes it on herself to be his protector.
Feng Xiaogang has become a supplier of New Year's movies in China. For four consecutive years, he has caused a nationwide media excitement at the end of each year. That started with 1998's "The Dream Factory" (Jiafang Yifang) and ran to last year's "Cell phone" (Shouji).
With "A World without Thieves", Feng tries his hand at something beyond his standard humor. For the first time, he employs a lot of special effects.
"I do like comedy, but I also want to know where my limits lie," said Feng, "The film is an experiment. It has special skills, love between thieves, as well as the rediscovery of conscience."
Feng says the film is more like a fairy tale: It's two thieves trying to protect someone's "daydream". "You see, a fairy tale may expose more about life and human nature than another story. You don't change the world with a film, but you make people see and feel innocence, and that's my power. "
46. The underlined word “naive” means _________.
A. lovely B. interesting C. innocent D. smart
47. Which of the following films is not directed by Feng Xiaogang?
A. Red River Valley B. A World Without Thieves
C. The Dream Factory D. Cellphone
48. It can be inferred from the text that _________.
A. Feng Xiaogang has directed more than three films since 1998.
B. This film was first on show on December 9, 2004.
C. Wang Bo and Wang Li are in the charge of Uncle Bill.
D. Feng Xiaogang likes fairy tales.
49. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
A. Introduction of Feng Xiaogang
B. Introduction of Liu Dehua
C. Brief introduction of Feng’s film — A World Without Thieves
D. Feng’s opinion about his film — A World Without Thieves
50. What’s Feng’s opinion about this film?
A. All the World is peaceful and perfect objects.
B. The power of the film is to make people see and feel innocence.
C. It’s only a fairy tale.
D. Let people rediscover their consciences by this film.
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