Every living cell contains genes. They are too small to be seen in a microscope, but they are very important. Each set of genes in the body contains all the instructions needed to make a human being. Some genes determine hair color. Some determine the shape of a nose. Some genes help determine your height and even your weight.
Genes are made of a chemical called DNA-the letters stand for deoxyribonucleic acid(脱氧核糖核酸). In the early 1950's, two scientists, Francis Crick and James Watson, figured out how the parts of DNA fit together. Once scientists understood this structure, it became possible to take pieces of DNA apart and put them together in new ways. New kinds of genes could be made in this manner.
Scientists have studied the genes of many plants and animals. They have worked out which genes affect the color of a tomato and the thickness of its skin. Working out which genes determine which features is called genetic mapping, scientists have begun the Human Genome Project, an ambitious effort to map all the genes in the human body.
Some genes may be defective(有缺陷的). For example, something might be wrong with the gene that makes blood clot(凝聚). A baby born with this defective gene could suffer serious hemorrhages(出血) or even bleed to death because his or her blood fails to clot. If scientists ever learn how to map all the genes in our bodies, they can determine whether or not an unborn child has any defective genes. They might even discover how to treat these genes before the child is born.What was the achievement of Francis Crick and James Watson?
A. They discovered why people have different hair colors.
B. They learned that some people bleed for long periods of time.
C. They looked at human cells under the microscope.
D. They worked out the structure of DNA.What is the main idea of this passage?
| A．Defective genes can never be repaired. |
| B．Genes are too small to be seen through a microscope. |
| C．Genes help scientists understand how living things develop their characteristics. |
| D．The Human Genome Project may explain the role of every gene in the body. |
【2015·江苏】A
According to the Code, visitors should act _______ .
| A．with care and respect |
| B．with relief and pleasure |
| C．with caution and calmness |
| D．with attention and observation |
What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand?
| A．Take your own camping facilities. |
| B．Bury glass far away from rivers. |
| C．Follow the track for the sake of plants. |
| D．Observe signs to approach nesting birds. |
B
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【2015·新课标全国I】C
Salvador Dali (1904-1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.
The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.
The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (无限). “From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,” explains the Pompidou Centre.
The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida.Which of the following best describe Dali according to Paragraph 1?
| A．Optimistic. | B．Productive. |
| C．Generous. | D．Traditional. |
What is Dali’s The Persistence of Memory considered to be?
| A．One of his masterworks. |
| B．A successful screen adaptation. |
| C．An artistic creation for the stage. |
| D．One of the best TV programmes. |
How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?
| A．By popularity. |
| B．By importance. |
| C．By size and shape. |
| D．By time and subject. |
What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?
| A．Artworks. | B．Projects. |
| C．Donations. | D．Documents. |
【2015·福建】B
Papa, as a son of a dirt-poor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory, for education was for the rich then. So, the world became his school. With great interest, he read everything he could lay his hands on, listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown. "There's so much to learn," he'd say. "Though we're born stupid, only the stupid remain that way. " He was determined that none of his children would be denied ( fll^fe) an education.
Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day. Though, as children, we thought this was crazy, it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request. And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned. We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant, it was never taken lightly. Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment, always to the point.
Then came the moment—the time to share the day's new learning.
Papa, at the head of the table, would push back his chair and pour a glass of red wine, ready to listen.
"Felice," he'd say, "tell me what you learned today. "
"I learned that the population of Nepal is .... "
Silence.
Papa was thinking about what was said, as if the salvation of the world would depend upon it. "The population of Nepal. Hmm. Well . . . . " he'd say. "Get the map; let's see wrhere Nepal is. " And the wThole family
went on a search for Nepal.
This same experience was repeated until each family member had a turn. Dinner ended only after we had a clear understanding of at least half a dozen such facts.
As children, we thought very little about these educational wonders. Our family, however, was growing together, sharing experiences and participating in one another's education. And by looking at us, listening to us, respecting our input, affirming our value, giving us a sense of dignity, Papa was unquestionably our most influential teacher.
Later during my training as a future teacher /1 studied with some of the most famous educators. They were imparting what Papa had known all along—the value of continual learning. His technique has served me well all my life. Not a single day has been wasted, though I can never tell when knowing the population of Nepal might prove useful.What do we know from the first paragraph?
| A．The author's father was born in a worker's family. |
| B．Those born stupid could not change their life. |
| C．The town elders wanted to learn about the world. |
| D．The poor could hardly afford school education. |
The underlined word "it" in the second paragraph refers to "______.
| A．one new thing |
| B．a request |
| C．the news |
| D．some comment |
It can be learned from the passage that the author______ .
| A．enjoyed talking about news |
| B．knew very well about Nepal |
| C．felt regret about those wasted days |
| D．appreciated his father's educational technique |
What is the greatest value of "dinner time" to the author?
| A．Continual learning. |
| B．Showing talents. |
| C．Family get-together. |
| D．Winning Papa's approval. |
The author's father can be best described as ______.
| A．an educator expert at training future teachers |
| B．a parent insistent on his children's education |
| C．a participant willing to share his knowledge |
| D．a teacher strict about everything his students did |
【2015·新课标全国II】A
My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of clothes that wouldn’t fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautiful when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.
Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(静电) noise. For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually, this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back. Sometimes this technique would not work, and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.
When neither of these methods removed the static noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away. At last I ended up hitting the set with my first, and it stopped working altogether. My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the sit is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble.Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?
| A．He got an older model than he had expected. |
| B．He couldn’t return it when it was broken. |
| C．He could have bought it at a lower price. |
| D．He failed to find any movie shows on it. |
Which of the following an best replace the phrase “signed off” in paragraph 1?
| A．ended all their programs |
| B．provided fewer channels |
| C．changed to commercials |
| D．showed all-night movies |
How did the author finally get this TV set working again?
| A．By shaking and hitting it |
| B．By turning it on and off |
| C．By switching channels |
| D．By having it repaired |
How does the author sound when telling the story?
| A．Curious |
| B．Anxious |
| C．Cautious |
| D．Humorous |
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