Most nutrition education isn’t very effective. People know that an apple is better than a Snickers bar, but they often eat the Snickers bar anyway. After conducting hundreds of studies on the psychology of how and why we eat, I’ve seen that it’s good to understand nutrition, but it’s much better to change your eating environment. Doing so can help you make better choices without even thinking about it.
Part 1
We all know children can be stubbornly habitual in what they want to eat. If kids had French fries yesterday, they want them again today. We came up with a simple way to interrupt this default. Instead of asking kids what they want, what if we ask them about someone they admire?
We studied this with elementary school–aged children one summer. We treated 22 kids to apple slices or fries at a fast-food restaurant. The first week, 20 of them ordered French fries, and two ordered apple slices. But the next week, we asked, “What would Batman eat: apple slices or French fries?” After they answered for Batman, we asked them what they wanted. This time, the number of kids who ordered apple slices jumped from two to ten— almost half of them.
If you ask yourself before deciding between the salad and the cheesy bacon fries, “What would my role model choose?” you’ll be a lot less tempted. Thinking about what a well-liked person would do makes us less indulgent.
Part 2
If we knew what a skinny person’s kitchen looked like, we could set up our own kitchens in a similar way. Once we got into people’s homes, we took pictures of everything: their dishes, sinks, refrigerator shelves, counters, snacks, pet-food dishes, tables, lighting — even random items held up by magnets on their refrigerators. Then we spent eight months coding these kitchens to see what thin people do differently.
We wondered if big kitchens turn us into big people. But it turns out that kitchen size isn’t the problem. It’s what you see in the kitchen. The average woman who kept potato chips on the counter weighed eight pounds more than her neighbor who didn’t. “In sight, in stomach.” We eat what we see, not what we don’t.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined part “less indulgent”?
| A．self-confident | B．self-controlled |
| C．self-estimated | D．self-centered |
What’s the writer’s purpose of writing this passage?
| A．To give advice on how to become slim. |
| B．To warn people that nutrition education is important for our daily life. |
| C．To tell us that someone children admire may influence their eating habits. |
| D．To introduce some innovative ways to help us eat healthier. |
Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
| A．Changing your eating environment is more effective than understanding nutrition in order to eat healthier. |
| B．The role model way has no effect on children at all when they choose what to eat. |
| C．Setting up our kitchens just like the slim person’s will help us eat healthier. |
| D．It is not the size of the kitchen but what we see in the kitchen that turns us into big people. |
What is the best title for part 2?
| A．The Slim Person’s Kitchen |
| B．How to decorate your Kitchen |
| C．Kitchen size makes a difference |
| D．Big kitchens are more popular |
Pat O’Burke was a poor Irishman with a large family, and one morning, waking up very early from cold and hunger, he decided to go shooting in a wood near his cottage. The wood belonged to Lord Northwood, a rich gentleman, Pat had no right to go there, but in it there were swarms of rabbits and flocks of birds that were good to eat, and Pat determined to take the risk. Suddenly he saw the owner, with a group of friends, coming towards him in the wood. There was a look of anger on Lord Northwood's face as he caught sight of the gun in Pat's hands. Pat's heart sank with fear, but he saw there was no hope of escape, so he walked boldly(大胆) up to the company and said to Lord Northwood, “Good morning, sir, and what has brought you out so early this morning?” Lord Northwood, rather surprised, said he and his Mends were taking a little exercise to get an appetite(食欲) for their breakfast. Then, looking at Pat with suspicion(怀疑), he said, “but why are you out so early in the morning?” “Well, sir” said Pat, “I just came out to see if I could get a breakfast for my appetite.” The whole crowd burst into laughter at Pat's ready wit(机智，风趣), and with a smile Lord Northwood walked on, leaving Pat to try his luck with the rabbits.. This is a story about ________.
| A．a rich man who owned a big wood | B．a poor Irishman who lived all by himself |
| C．a clever man who tried to get something to eat | D．an Irish hunter with a large family |
. There was a look of anger on Lord Northwood's face. Why?
| A．He was not expecting Pat at this early hour. | B．He knew Pat was coming for shooting. |
| C．He didn’t like the poor Irishman at all. | D．Pat had not told him he would come. |
. Why was Lord Northwood surprised?
| A．He had not expected such a bold question from Pat. | B．He wondered why Pat didn’t run away. |
| C．Pat wasn’t afraid of him. | D．Pat had a gun in his hands. |
. What made the whole crowd burst into laughter?
| A．Pat's funny looks. |
B．Pat's interesting  remarks. |
| C．Pat's quick and humorous response. |
| D．Pat's promise to leave fight away. |
阅读下列材料，从所给的六个选项中，选出符合各小题要求的最佳选项，选项中有一项是多余选项。阅读以下购买者的信息，然后匹配购买者和他/她拟购买的汽车：
______ Arthur has been working in China for about two years. Now he needs a car. He wants to buy a car which is popular with people throughout the world and is made in China.
___Cindy has just passed her driving test. She wants to buy a car of less than 60,000 yuan. She likes that kind of car especially suitable for women.
_______ Dennis is successful in his business in China, but he doesn’t like to show off. He likes a popular car of less than 200,000 yuan and it should be made in China.
______ Betty wants to buy a very famous car. She likes that kind of car which is comfortable in driving and suitable for women.
______Gary is a very successful businessman who is now working in China. He wants to buy a rather expensive car made in China. The car should be safe in quality and luxurious in appearance.
| A．QQ is such a good car. It is becoming more and more popular. It has a lot of advantages such as a very low price, especially suitable for females, smart in its appearance, small outside but spacious inside. It is worth no more than 51,000 yuan. |
| B．When it comes to Ford car, almost everyone will think of Ford brothers. These two brothers had an era in making the car popular. The company still produces lots of cars for people all over the world. Now it has many branches in the world, for example, Ford Mondeo, which is made in China, enjoys a very good market throughout China. The car is also liked by Americans working in China. |
| C．Santana 3000 enjoys a very reasonable price. It dates from Santana 2000. The factory is located in Shanghai. The top speed can reach 178 km/h. The present price is falling to 152,000 yuan. |
| D．Many people rank Benz first and BMW second. In actual fact, every coin has two sides, so do cars. Benz is very comfortable to sit in while BMW is comfortable in driving. Benz is suitable for males while BMW is suitable for females. |
E. Honda Accord is made in Japan. It stands for a statue of society. One accident in Xiaoshan last year brings about amounts of doubts on its quality. Then the car was going at a slow speed when it hit the edge of the road. It was torn into two halves. Two young men died.
F. Bora 1.8T, luxury in its appearance, which is made in Germany, can also be made in China. The car is especially liked by some businessmen. It is much more expensive than Santana 3000. It is very safe because of its fine steel.
Most people trade money for entertainment. Movies, concerts, and shows are enjoyable but expensive. If you think that you can’t have a good time without spending a lot of money, read on. A little resourcefulness and a few minutes of newspaper-scanning(浏览) should give you some pleasant surprises.
People may be the most interesting show in a large city. Walk through busy streets and see what everybody else is doing. You will probably see people from all over the world. you will certainly see people of every age, size and shape, and you will get a free fashion show, too. window-shopping is also a safe sport—if the stores are closed.
Check the listing in your neighborhood paper. Local colleges or schools often welcome the public to hear an interesting speaker or a good debate. The film or concert series at the local public library probably won’t cost you a penny. Be sure to check commercial(商业的) advertisements, too. A flea(跳蚤) market can provide hours of pleasant browsing. Perhaps you can find a free cooking crafts demonstration in a department store.
Plan ahead for some activities. It is always more pleasant not to have people in front of you in a museum or at a zoo. You may save some money, too, since these places often set aside one or two free admission days at slow times during the week. Pretend that you are a tourist from time to time, and get to know our city all over again including the indispensable sights that people travel miles to see. If you feel like taking an interesting walk, find a free walking tour, or plan one yourself. You will see your city in a new perspective once you know more about its history or its architectural(建筑的) treasures. With imagination and spirit of adventure you can quite easily find good entertainment at no cost at all. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
| A．There are many kinds of amusements you can enjoy without spending much money. |
| B．You should be a tourist if you want to know more about the city you live in. |
| C．The film shown at the local public library is often free of charge. |
| D．Local colleges often hold meetings to debate the issues people are interested in. |
“You will certainly see people of every age, size and shape.” “Shape” here refers to people
being ____.
| A．old and young | B．beautiful and ugly | C．tall and short | D．fat or thin |
If you are wandering through the busy street, which attract you most?
| A．Various buildings. | B．Car driving. | C．Free walking. | D．Window-shopping. |
The best title for the passage is ____.
| A．Amusement at No Cost | B．Movies, Concerts and Shows |
| C．The Cheapest Window-shopping | D．The Most Enjoyable Street Musicians |
Soccer is played by millions of people all over the world, but there have only been few players who were truly great. How did these players get that way---was it through training and practice, or are great players “born, not made”? First, these players came from places that have had famous stars in the past---players that a young boy can look up to and try to imitate(模仿). In the history of soccer, only seven countries have ever won the World Cup---three from South America and four from western Europe. There has never been a great national team---or a really great player---from North America or from Asia. Second, these players have all had years of practice in the game. Alfredo Di Stefano was the son of a soccer player, as was Pele. Most players begin playing the game at the age of three or four.
Finally, many great players come from the same kind of neighbourhood---a poor, crowded area where a boy’s dream is not to be a doctor, lawyer, or businessman, but to become a rich, famous athlete or entertainer(艺人). For example, Liverpool, which produced the Beatles, had one of the best English soccer teams in recent years. Pele practiced in the street with a “ball” made of rags(破布). And George Best learned the skills that made him famous by bouncing the ball off a wall(对着墙壁踢球) in the slums(贫民窟) of Belfast.
All great players have a lot in common, but that doesn’t explain why they are great. Hundreds of boys played in those Brazilian streets, but only one became Pele. The greatest players are born with some unique quality that sets them apart from all the others.According to the writer, which of the following statements is true?
| A．Soccer is popular all over the world, but truly great players are few. |
| B．Millions of people all over the world are playing soccer, but only seven countries have ever had famous stars. |
| C．Soccer is played by millions of people all over the world, but only seven countries from South America and western Europe have ever had great national teams. |
| D．Soccer is one of the most popular games all over the world, but it seems the least popular in North America and Asia. |
The Brazilian streets are mentioned to illustrate that ______.
| A．famous soccer players live in slum areas |
| B．people in poor areas are born with some unique quality |
| C．children in poor areas start playing football at the age of three or four |
| D．a great soccer player may be born in a slum area |
In the last paragraph the statement “…but only one became Pele” indicates that ______.
| A．Pele is the greatest soccer player |
| B．the greatest players are born with some unique quality |
| C．Pele’s birthplace sets him apart from all the others |
| D．the success of a soccer player has everything to do with the family background |
. The writer mentions all the factors that may affect a soccer player’s success except ______.
| A．his family background | B．his neighbourhood | C．his character | D．his practice |
There's a lot of discussion these days about healthy kids. People who care (parents, doctors, teachers, and others) want to know how to help kids be more healthy.
Being healthy is a way of saying a person eats well, gets a lot of physical activity (exercise), and has a healthy weight. If you're healthy, your body works well, feels good, and can do all the things you want to do. Here are five rules to live by, if you're a kid who wants to be healthy.
Eat a Variety of Foods, Especially Fruits and Vegetables. You may have a favorite food, but the best choice is to eat a variety. If you eat different foods, you're more likely to get the nutrients(营养) your body needs. Taste new foods and old ones you haven't tried for a while. Get at least five servings of fruits and vegetables a day — two fruits and three vegetables.
Drink Water and Milk Most Often. When you're really thirsty, cold water is the No. 1 for you. Kids need calcium（钙）to build strong bones, and milk is a great source of this mineral. How much do kids need? Aim for 3 cups of milk per day. You can mix it up by having milk and some other calcium-rich dairy foods .
Be Active.One job you have as a kid — and it's a fun one — is that you get to figure out which activities you like best. Not everyone loves baseball or soccer. Ask your parents to help you do your favorite activities regularly. Find ways to be active every day. You might even write down a list of fun stuff to do, so you can refer to it when your mom or dad says it's time to stop watching TV or playing computer games! What’s the best title for this passage?
| A．Do Your Favorite Activities Regularly | B．Eat More Fruits and Vegetables Every Day |
| C．Drink Water and Milk When You Are Thirsty | D．Tips on How to Keep Healthy |
Which of the following can’t show a kid is healthy?
| A．Eating well | B．Having too much sleep |
| C．Having a healthy weight | D．Getting a lot of physical exercise |
The best way to get enough nutrients for your body is ________.
| A．to drink milk every day | B．to eat what you haven’t eaten before |
| C．to eat all kinds of foods | D．to eat fruits and vegetables instead of grains |
The underlined words “this material” in the fourth paragraph refer to _________.
| A．calcium | B．calcium-rich dairy food | C．milk | D．nutrients |
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