Most episodes（情况）of absent- mindedness- forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room-are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter．"You're supposed to remember something, but you haven't encoded （译成密码）it deeply."
Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact（影响）on recalling it later．Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations．If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don't pay attention to what you did because you're involved in a conversation, you'll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe（衣柜）．"Your memory itself isn't failing you,"says Schacter."Rather, you didn't give your memory system the information it needed."
Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness."A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,"says Zelinski,"may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox."Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory depends on just that．
"Visual cues can help prevent absent -mindedness",says Schacter."But be sure the cue is clear and available,"he cautions．If you want to remember to take a medication（药物）with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table-don't leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket．
Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you're there．Most likely, you were thinking about something else．"Everyone does this from time to time,"says Zelinski．The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you'll likely remember．
We can learn from the passage that encoding ________．

A．slows down the process of losing our memories

B．helps us understand our memory system better

C．gets us to recall something from our memories

D．helps us to find out the mobile phone in the pocket

Why do women have better memories than men?

A．They seldom use their mobile phones．

B．They are more nervous about the environment．

C．They are more interested in what's happening around them．

D．They usually take some special medicine to improve memories．

The sentence underlined in Paragraph 4 means that ___________．

A．a note in the pocket will easily get lost

B．putting something in sight can be a good reminder

C．taking medicine can get rid of absent-mindedness

D．people of absent-mindedness must take medicine with them

What is the passage mainly about?

A．The causes of absent-mindedness．

B．The environment and memory．

C．A way of encoding and recalling．

D．The process of gradual memory loss．