The word advertising refers to any kind of public announcement that brings products and services to the attention of people．Throughout history, advertising has been an effective way to promote(促进)the trading and selling of goods．In the Middle Ages，merchants employed “town criers” to read public messages aloud to promote their goods．When printing was invented in the fifteenth century, pages of advertisements (ads) could be printed easily and were either hung in public places or put in books．
By the end of the seventeenth century, when newspapers were beginning to be read by more people, printed materials became an important way to promote products and services．The London Gazette was the first newspaper to set aside a place just for advertising. This was so successful that by the end of the century several companies started businesses for the purpose of making newspaper ads for merchants．
Advertising spread quickly throughout the eighteenth century．Ad writers were starting to pay more attention to the design of the ad text．Everything，from clothes to drinks，was promoted with clever methods such as repetition of the firm’s name or product, words organized in eye-catching patterns，the use of pretty pictures and expressions easy to remember．
Near the end of the nineteenth century, companies that were devoted to the production of ads came to be known as “advertising agencies (广告商)” . The agencies developed new ways to get people to think of themselves as members of a group．Throughout the twentieth century, advertising agencies promoted consumerism(消费主义)as a way of life，spreading the belief that people could be happy only if they bought the “right” products.What was advertising like in the Middle Ages?
| A．Merchants were employed to promote products． |
| B．Ad messages were shouted out in public places． |
| C．Product information was included in books． |
| D．Ad signs were put up in towns． |
What does the word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
| A．Advertising in newspapers． | B．Including pictures in ads． |
| C．Selling goods in markets． | D．Working with ad agencies． |
The l8th century advertising was special in its______．
| A．growing spending | B．printing materials |
| C．advertising companies | D．attractive designs |
Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
| A．The Story of Advertising |
| B．The Value of Advertising Designs |
| C．The Role of Newspaper Advertising |
| D．The Development of Printing for Advertising |
That cold January night, I was growing sick of my life in San Francisco. There I was, walking home at one in the morning after a tiring practice at the theatre. With opening night only a week ago, I was still learning my lines. I was having trouble dealing with my part-time job at the bank and my acting at night at the same time. As I walked, I thought seriously about giving up both acting and San Francisco. City life had become too much for me.
As I walked down empty streets under tall buildings, I felt very small and cold. I began running, both to keep warm and to keep away from any possible robbers. Very few people were still out except a few sad-looking homeless people under blankets.
About a block from my apartment, I heard a sound behind me. I turned quickly, half expecting to see someone with a knife or a gun. The street was empty. All I saw was a shining streetlight. Still, the noise had made me nervous, so I started to run faster. Not until I reached my apartment building and unlocked the door did I realize what the noise had been. It had been my wallet falling to the sidewalk.
Suddenly I wasn’t cold or tired anymore. I ran out of the door and back to where I’d heard the noise. Although I searched the sidewalk anxiously for fifteen minutes, my wallet was nowhere to be found.
Just as I was about to give up the search, I heard the garbage truck (垃圾车) pull up to the sidewalk next to me. When a voice called from the inside, “Alisa Camacho?” I thought I was dreaming. How could this man know my name? The door opened, and out jumped a small red-haired man with an amused look in his eye. “Is this what you’re looking for?” he asked, holding up a small square shape.
It was nearly 3 A.M. by the time I got into bed. I wouldn’t get much sleep that night, but I had gotten my wallet back. I also had gotten back some enjoyment of city life. I realized that the city couldn’t be a bad place as long as people were willing to help each other.How did the writer feel when she was walking home after work?
| A．Cold and sick | B．Disappointed and helpless |
| C．Satisfied and cheerful | D．Fortunate and helpful |
On her way home the writer _______.
| A．was robbed of her wallet by an armed man |
| B．was stopped by a garbage truck driver |
| C．lost her wallet unknowingly |
| D．found some homeless people following her |
In the fifth paragraph, why did the writer say she was dreaming?
| A．Someone offered to take her back home. |
| B．A red-haired man came to see her. |
| C．Her wallet was found in a garbage truck. |
| D．She heard someone call her name. |
From the text, we can infer that the writer _________.
| A．would stay on in San Francisco |
| B．would stop working at night |
| C．would make friends with cleaners |
| D．would give up her job at the bank |
Snow falls in the Earth’s extreme North and South throughout the year. However， the heaviest snowfalls have been reported in the mountains of other areas during winter. Snow is even known to fall near the Equator (赤道)，but only on the highest mountains.
Snow contains much less water than rain, but much of the water the world uses comes from snow. Melting snow provides water for rivers, electric power stations and agricultural crops. In the western United States, mountain snow provides up to seventy-five percent of all surface water supplies.
Snowfall helps to protect plants and some wild animals from winter weather. Fresh snow is made largely of air trapped among the snow crystals (晶体). Because the air has trouble moving, the movement of heat is limited. Snow also influences the movement of sound waves. The surface of the snow takes in, or absorbs, sound waves. As snow grows older or if there have been strong winds, it can become hard and flat. Then, the snow，s surface will help to send back sound waves.
Snow may be beautiful, but it can be deadly. It is responsible for the deaths of hundreds of people. Many people die in traffic accidents on roads covered with snow and ice or from being seriously stuck in the winter storm. Others die from heart attacks caused by too much physical activity out in the cold.
People may not be able to avoid living in areas where it snows often. However, they can avoid becoming victims of snowstorms. People should stop driving and stay at home until the storm has passed. People living in these areas should carry emergency supplies in their vehicle. These include food，emergency medical supplies，and extra clothing to stay warm and dry.Mountain snowfall _____.
| A．is heavier than that in the South and the North Poles |
| B．has never occurred near the Equator of the earth |
| C．brings less of the water the world uses than rain does |
| D．provides up to seventy—five percent of water supplies worldwide |
Snow protects plants and wild animals from cold weather by _____.
| A．supplying much more air | B．limiting heat movement |
| C．absorbing strong winds | D．sending back sound waves |
Snow can be deadly mainly because it can _____.
| A．cause road accidents |
| B．make people stuck in winter storms |
| C．lead to heart attacks |
| D．make people victims of snowstorms |
What will the text probably tell us following the last paragraph? _.
| A．How to drive during snowstorms |
| B．Where we can get emergency supplies |
| C．How to prevent heart attacks out in cold |
| D．Why we should stay warm and dry in winter |
Children today would rather toy with new technologies. The role of children has changed as well as that of teens. The world has truly evolved (进化）throughout the years.
Today，a typical day in the life of a five year old is entirely different from what it once was. A few decades ago children used to work. They did the kind of work parents do today. Today there are shows on which children are putting pounds of makeup on and have flashing things all over their bodies. This makes a child want to paper over all of their imperfections. They think they have to look perfect all the time.
Teens have changed as well. My grandma got married when she was thirteen. Girls who had an arranged marriage had no time to play because they were expected to cook, clean，take care of the kids, and do housework every single day. Today，we go to school every morning, maybe participate in some after-school activities, and possibly go to work for extra cash. Then we go home and do homework, and eat. After all of this we have to find the time to socialize by texting, talking on the phone, or logging on to social networking sites. We enjoy ourselves a lot.
The generation before us complains about how they did not have the things we have now. They say we are not appreciative and do not value life or just do not care about our futures anymore. Let's make a change! The youth have the power to work on whatever they believe in and make a difference in the world. Take advantage of your resources. It is never too late to make a positive change in our world.The role of children and teens has changed mainly because _____.
| A．new technologies are developing and widely used |
| B．they don't have to work hard as their parents did |
| C．their world has truly evolved |
| D．they look perfect all the time |
The underlined phrase (in the 2nd Para. ) probably means to _____.
| A．put up with | B．make up for | C．put aside | D．cover up |
We can learn from the text that nowadays teenagers _____.
| A．do housework as their parents did |
| B．are having a social life in richer ways |
| C．are seldom satisfied with what they have |
| D．don't appreciate and value life |
The author's attitude towards changes of teen’s life is _____.
| A．critical | B．neutral | C．optimistic | D．complaining |
It may seem to be a hard task to trace back the history of rap music, though you often see the informal music associated with highly informal dance style. As far as the origin of rap music is concerned, most people agree that it is from Afro-American and Latino Street culture of New York City. Not only in this city but in the surrounding areas there is the influence of African people and their culture.
Rap is a vocal (口头的) style in which the performer speaks rhythmically and in rhyme, generally to a beat. The term of rap music is the same with hip-hop music typically-consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap. If we see it carefully, then we will definitely notice that the music usually is sung at higher pitches (调). Most of the time rap music is associated with chorus. Though rap music was primarily an American music style with African influence over its music and lyrics, recently it has been spread to almost the entire world.
There is hardly any country or nation where rap music cannot be seen in some form or another, and it is one of the most popular music styles among the youngsters. However, when it comes to its history, it is believed that hip-hop or rap music started in the early 1970s，and gained much popularity throughout the world during the late 1970s and early 1980s.
The history of rap music and hip-hop music is full of controversies (争议) and bans, as the lyrics sometimes relate to drugs and crime; even most famous pop stars and hip-hop musicians and singers were found to be associated with the controversies in their life. For that reason, no matter how popular this music style was or still is, it has always had a bad reputation in the eyes of mainstream society.The passage is mainly about _____.
| A．when rap music started | B．how rap music develops |
| C．what rap music is like | D．why rap music is popular |
The characteristics of rap music are _____.
| A．solo, rhymes，beats and pops |
| B．speaking, rhythms，beats and solo |
| C．repeating, speaking, pops and chorus |
| D．speaking, rhymes, beats and chorus |
Rap music is now one of the music styles mostly run after by _____.
| A．the teenagers in Africa |
| B．all kinds of people in the world |
| C．the youngsters all over the world |
| D．the young people in the US |
Rap music is often not well thought of by the mainstream because _____.
| A．it comes from the lower class |
| B．it has a short history |
| C．it is associated with crimes and drugs |
| D．its music is full of controversies |
My grandma whom we all called Nanny was a solid, first-generation, Italian immigrant. She came to this country with her family on a tiny ship during World War I when she was only 8 years old. During the trip she survived stormy seas，little food, and an attack by a German U-boat. After getting here，her large family worked hard to build a new life in America. They never had much money but were rich in love.
One day，when I was about 5 or 6 years old, my parents and brothers went on a trip. It was just me and Nanny in the house for the weekend. Nanny seemed so happy to be taking care of me all by herself. She made me a special breakfast that first morning. However, all I could do was to complain about how the food was not how Mom always made it. Nanny quietly put down the plate and went into the living room. I followed a minute later and saw that she had tears in her eyes. It was the first time I had ever seen my strong and proud grandmother cry and I was the one who had caused it.
I walked over to Nanny, climbed on her lap, and for the first time in my short life I did something else too. I apologized without being told to and asked Nanny to forgive me. She smiled, rubbed my head, and told me I was a good boy even though I didn’t feel like one then.
That memory just like my Nanny’s love will stay in my heart forever. It is a sign of both strength and wisdom. Asking for forgiveness helps us to learn, to grow, and to love.Nanny，s family immigrated to America mainly because _____.
| A．they suffered starvation in their homeland |
| B．they wanted to start a rich life in the new land |
| C．they tried to get away from the terrible climate |
| D．their country was in war and they needed peace |
The boy complained to Nanny that the food _____.
| A．wasn't cooked the way his mom did |
| B．was served a bit later than usual |
| C．was prepared in a special way |
| D．was just to his parents，taste |
When seeing Nanny crying in the living room, the author felt _____.
| A．surprised | B．ashamed | C．shocked | D．annoyed |
The author mainly wants to tell us that _____.
| A．forgiveness can be beneficial to people asking for it |
| B．hardships can make children more indifferent |
| C．grandparents are more tolerant than their grandchildren |
| D．family ties can sometimes be misused |
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