Today, as in every other day of the year, more than 3,000 U.S. adolescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime, it can be expected that of these 3,000 about 23 will be murdered, 30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths due to cigarette smoking outweighs all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.
Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 percent, smoking rates among youth have declined. While the decline is impressive, several important issues must be raised.
First, in the past several years, smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second, in the late 1970s, smoking among male high school seniors beat that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing (完全相反的). Third, several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .
Finally, though significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade, no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effective measures to reduce smoking level among youth.According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____.
| A．traffic accidents | B．smoking-related disease |
| C．murder | D．all of these |
Every day there are over _____ high school students who will become regular smoker.
| A．75 | B．23 | C．30 | D．3000 |
By "dropout" the author means ________
| A．students who failed the examination |
| B．students who left school |
| C．students who lost their way |
| D．students who were driven out of school |
The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________.
| A．NCI has taken effective measures |
| B．smoking is prevented among high school seniors |
| C．there are many smokers who have died of cancer |
| D．none of these |
What is implied by the author is that ________.
| A．smoking rates among youth have declined very little |
| B．there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniors |
| C．high smoking rates are due to the increase in wealth |
| D．smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds |
For a 400-year-old art form, operas had a bad fame: overweight actresses singing the words which are hard to understand in one of those romance languages you were supposed to learn in high school. And with tickets costing as much as $ 145 a performance, opera goers also have a certain appearance in people’s mind: rich, well-dressed and old.
But now opera companies around the country are loosening their ties and kicking off their shoes in an attempt to bring the opera to the audience. It needs to keep it alive, the young and not-so-rich.
Opera producers have found that to attract this crowd, they need to make the opera closer to common people. That means no formal suits, old-styled theatre or band-breaking ticket prices. And because young people don’t or won’t come to the opera, companies are bringing the opera to them, giving performances in such unusual places as parks, lib
raries and public schools.
The Houston Grand Opera’s choice is the public library, where it performs “mobile operas”, shortened versions (剧本) of child-friendly operas. This summer’s production is Hansel & Gretel. By performing smaller versions of large productions, producers are able to make people interest
ed while keeping costs at a reasonable level. The San Francisco Opera, which will be celebrating its 75th anniversary this year, is staging Cinderella free of charge, keeping costs down by employing students from its Young Artists’ Training Program. Which is the main idea of this passage?
| A．Opera is famous for its long history. |
| B．Opera is only for rich people. |
| C．Opera companies are trying to keep opera alive. |
| D．Young people are not interested in opera. |
The underlined part in paragraph 2 means ______.
| A．breaking up the old rules | B．changing the formal suits |
| C．making the audience at ease | D．advertising themselves |
Opera companies prefer to perform smaller versions because .
| A．they can be performed in public libraries |
| B．short versions are easy to perform |
| C．it is hard to find long versions |
| D．they can make people interested |
The San Francisco Opera Company employs student actors in order to ______.
| A．attract young people | B．reduce the cost |
| C．celebrate its 75th anniversary | D．make Cinderella popular |
What can you infer from the passage?
| A．The tickets for operas are very expensive at present. |
| B．Operas are performed in a difficult language difficult to understand. |
C．Operas are not so popular an art form today. |
| D．Students enjoy performing operas very much. |
The rising costs of health care have become a problem for man y countries in the world. To deal with this problem, it is recommended that a big part of the state health budget be used for health education and disease prevention instead of treatment. Actually, many kinds of diseases are preventable in many ways and preventing a disease is usually much cheaper than treating it. For example, people could avoid catching a cold if they dressed warmly when the weather starts getting cold. But many people get sick because they fail to do so, and have to spend money seeing a doctor.
Daily habits like eating more healthy food would have kept millions of families from becoming bankruptif the patients had taken ways for early prevention. For example, keeping a balanced diet, such as not consuming too much animal fat and trying to have enough vegetables and fruits, seems to be quite important.
One very effective and costless way of prevention is regular exercise, which is necessary for a healthy mind and body. Regular exercise, such as running, walking, and playing sports is a good way to make people feel better or reduce stress.
In addition, health education plays a key role in improving people’s health. By giving people more information about health, countries could help people understand the importance of disease prevention and ways to achieve it. For example, knowing one’s family medical history is an effective way to help keep healthy. Information about health problems among close relatives will make them aware of what they should do to prevent certain diseases through lifestyle changes, which will work before it is too late.
However, paying more attention to disease prevention does not mean medical treatment is unimportant. After all, prevention and treatment are just two different means toward the same effect. In conclusion, we could save money on health care and treat patients more successfully if our country spends more money on health prevention and education.What’s the best title of the passage?
| A．Prevention or Education? | B．Exercise or Illness? |
| C．Health or Illness? | D．Prevention or Treatment? |
Which of the following can replace the underlined word “bankrupt”?
| A．Unable to be cured. | B．Unable to pay one’s debts. |
| C．Stronger than ever before. | D．More successful than ever before. |
We learn from the passage that ______．
| A．dressing warmly can prevent diseases. |
| B．a balanced diet is cheaper than regular exercise. |
| C．the more health education, the better. |
| D．the government’s health budget should be increased. |
Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
Research advances over the past decade have told us that, with a little work, we humans can clone just about anything we want, from frogs to monkeys and probably even ourselves!
So, we can clone things, but why would we want to?
Of all the reasons, cloning for medical purposes has the most potential to benefit large numbers of people. How might cloning be used in medicine?
1. Cloning animal models of disease
Much of what researchers learn about human disease comes from studying animal models such as mice. Often, animal models are genetically engineered to carry disease-causing mutations(变异) in their genes. Creating these transgenic（转基因的） animals is a time-intensive process that requires trial-and-error and several generations of breeding（培育）. Cloning technologies might reduce the time needed to make a transgenic animal model, and the result would be a population of genetically identical animals for study.
2．Cloning stem cells(干细胞) for the treatment of diseases
Stem cells are the body's building blocks, responsible for developing and repairing the body throughout life. As a result, they might be used to repair damaged or diseased organs and tissues. Researchers are currently looking up cloning as a way to create certain human stem cells for the research of diseases.
3. Cloning farm animals for drug production
Farm animals such as cows, sheep and goats are currently being genetically engineered to produce drugs or p
roteins that are useful in medicine. Just like creating animal models of disease, cloning might be a faster way to produce large herds of genetically engineered animals. From Purpose One, we can infer that .
| A．most transgenic animals are clone |
| B．most animals carry engineered genes |
| C．most transgenic animal models are not cloned |
| D．most animals carry disease-causing mutations in their genes |
It can be learned from Purpose Two that cloning technologies can be mainly use do .
| A．create damaged or diseased organs and tissues |
| B．clone genetically defined human stem cells |
| C．develop and maintain the body |
| D．repair the body throughout life |
According to Purpose Three, cloning technologies can be mainly used to .
| A．speed up the producing of genetically engineered animals |
| B．produce drugs or proteins that are useful in medicine |
| C．raise genetically engineered cows, sheep and goats |
| D．produce large herds of animals for human beings |
English families face being limited to 80 bags of rubbish a year. Households throwing away more waste will have to take it to the tip (垃圾站) or buy a limited number of extra bags. 
Doretta Cocks, protester of the Campaign for Weekly Waste Collections, said, “They must think we are fools. How can they claim to be concerned for the environment when they tell people to drive to the local tip? And what do you do if you don’t have a car? Walk?”
The plan ignores the voice from ministers to end such heavy – handedness (笨拙).
It is to be carried out by the Tory – led council (市政厅) in Wokingham, Berkshire, and is already in operation in Brozbourne in Hertfordshire.
Many of the 180 councils that still offer unlimited weekly rubbish collections are watching the trial.
Wokingham officials have told residents that 75 – litre bags will be given to each household and anything not left in them will not be collected.
“Every household will receive 80 bags every year,” it said. “You can buy extra bags in rolls of ten but this will not be encouraged.”
Families of five will get 100 rubbish bags a year and households o
f six or more will get 120.
Residents will have a weekly recycling collection limited to cans, paper and cards, plastic bottles and so on.
Plastic packaging and glass including bottles must either go with the general waste or be taken to recycling points. Green waste pick – ups cost an extra ￡60 a year.
The council has told residents it will save ￡922,000 a year under the new system. There will be no local consultation (商讨) before it is introduced next April.What’s Doretta Cock’s attitude towards the new plan?
| A．Satisfied. | B．Curious. | C．Angry. | D．Interested. |
What does the underlined word “this” refer to in the seventh paragraph?
| A．Receiving 80 rubbish bags every year. | B．Buying extra bags every year. |
| C．Driving to city tips. | D．Getting 100 rubbish bags a year. |
It can be learned from the passage that .
| A．the new plan is agreed by most ministers |
| B．the new plan will waste a lot of money |
| C．the government has asked for much advice of the new plan |
| D．the new plan does not necessarily do good to the environment |
Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A．English families are limited to 80 bags of rubbish  a year |
| B．English families can’t clear away their rubbish |
| C．English families are angry with their government |
| D．English government pays no attention to residents’ interest |
If you've ever seen a James Bond movie，you'll know that the hero gets around in a smart Aston Martin car. Even if you know full well that you could never afford such an expensive vehicle, you don't forget the name, or the car.
Why? You have been affected by product placement.
Companies pay a film to place their products in the movie. Product placement took off in the West in the 1980s and is now catching on in China. Two Hunan Satellite TV dramas are recent examples：Ugly Wudi and Let's Go Watch the Meteor Shower (《一起去看流星雨》).
Shampoo, mobile phones, cars and fitness centers–anything can be product-placed. Advertisers value the mass appeal of the movies, knowing that a successful film can showcase their goods to hundreds of thousands of viewers. But when product placement takes over, artistic considerations can take a back seat.
Cai Zhiyong has been product-placing for years. The Beijing-based advertiser admits there is a conflict between art and business. He explains the way one ad works. In If You are the One (《非诚勿扰》), the actress Shu Qi plays a flight attendant. The movie contains product placement for airline companies.
Cash-strapped filmmakers often have to give less consideration to the quality of their work because they need money from advertisers. In the original story for Meteor Shower, the heroine's mother owned an ice cream shop. But no ice cream company wanted to sponsor (赞助) the film. For this reason, the story was changed. In the film the man drinks 20 cups of milk tea instead of eating ice cream.
So you may see the power of business over the movies, since the script (剧本) was perhaps written so that a product could be placed-whether it was ice cream or milk tea.James Bond movies are mentioned in the first paragraph to show_________.
| A．how popular James Bond is | B．how great the Aston Martin car is |
| C．how to make a movie more artistic | D．how effectively product placement works |
Product placement can have a bad effect on the_________ of a movie.
| A．atmosphere | B．mass appeal | C．box-office success | D．artistic value |
What does the underlined word "cash-strapped" in Paragraph 6 probably mean?
| A．Short of money. | B．Wasting a lot of money. |
| C．having enough money. | D．Trying to save money. |
We can learn from the example of Meteor Shower that__________.
| A．business has a big say in the movie |
| B．the original story was not suitable for a movie |
| C．filmmakers are only concerned about making money |
| D．milk tea is more popular than ice cream |
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