Whenaskedabouthappiness,weusua

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更新 2022-09-03
科目英语
题型阅读理解
难度中等
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When asked about happiness, we usually think of something extraordinary, an absolute delight, which seems to get rarer the older we get.
For kids, happiness has a magical quality. Their delight at winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved(毫无掩饰的)．
In the teenage years the concept of happiness changes. Suddenly it's conditional on such things as excitement, love and popularity. I can still recall the excitement of being invited to dance with the most attractive boy at the school party.
In adulthood the things that bring deep joy—love, marriage, birth—also bring responsibility and the risk of loss.For adults, happiness is complicated(复杂的)．
My definition of happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”．The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are.It's easy to overlook the pleasure we get from the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, and even good health.
I experienced my little moments of pleasure yesterday. First I was overjoyed when I shut the last lunch－box and had the house to myself. Then I spent an uninterrupted morning writing, which I love. When the kids and my husband came home, I enjoyed their noise after the quiet of the day.
Psychologists tell us that to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying work.I don't think that my grandmother, who raised 14 children, had much of either. She did have a network of close friends and family, and maybe this is what satisfied her.
We, however, with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area, have turned happiness into one more thing we've got to have. We're so self－conscious about our “right” to it that it's making us miserable. So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success, without noticing that the people who have those things aren't necessarily happier.
Happiness isn't about what happens to us—it's about how we see what happens to us. It's the skillful way of finding a positive for every negative. It's not wishing for what we don't have, but enjoying what we do possess.
As people grow older, they ________．

A．feel it harder to experience happiness .

B．associate their happiness less with others

C．will take fewer risks in pursuing happiness

D．tend to believe responsibility means happiness

What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 5 and 6?

A．She cares little about her own health.

B．She enjoys the freedom of traveling.

C．She is easily pleased by things in daily life.

D．She prefers getting pleasure from housework.

What can be inferred from Paragraph 7?

A．Psychologists think satisfying work is key to happiness.

B．Psychologists' opinion is well proved by Grandma's case.

C．Grandma often found time for social gatherings.

D．Grandma's happiness came from modest expectations of life.

People who equal happiness with wealth and success ________．

A．consider pressure something blocking their way

B．stress their right to happiness too much

C．are at a loss to make correct choices

D．are more likely to be happy

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When I was a boy every holiday that I had seemed perfect. My parents took me by train or by car to a hotel by the sea. All day, I seem to remember. I played on the sands with strange exciting children. We make sandcastles with huge yellow walls, and watched the incoming tide destroy them; we splashed each other in the water and shrieked with excitement. When the tide went out, we climbed over the slippery rocks and stared down at the fish and the seaweed in the rock-pools.
In those far-off days the sun seemed to shine constantly and the water was always warm. Sometimes we left the beach and walked in the country, exploring ruined houses and dark woods and climbing trees that overhung streams. There were always sweets in one’s pockets or convenient places where one could buy ice-creams. Each day seemed a life-time.
Although I am now an adult, my idea of a good holiday is much the same as it was. I still like the sun and the warm sand and the sound of waves breaking on the beach. I no longer wish to build sandcastles and I dislike sweets instantly, but I look forward to sitting down to a good meal and a bottle of wine in the evening.
I think, too, that I prefer spending my holiday abroad. I want to smell different smells; I want to see different kinds of trees, flowers and birds; and I also want to see people with different colored skins, wearing different kinds of clothes. Above all, I want to hear a different language spoken and listen to different musical rhythms from those I am used to.
But I still need my companions----not, of course, to play on the sands and eat ices with, but to drink with and talk to on warm moonlit nights.
Sometimes I wonder what my perfect holiday will be when I am old. All I shall want to do then, I expect, will be to lie in bed, reading books about children who make sandcastles with huge yellow walls, who watch the incoming tide, who make themselves sick on too many ices…
39.Where did the author mostly spend his holidays when he was young?
A.In the countryside.   B.On the beach.   C.In the mountains.    D.On the sea.
40.What does the underlined word “shrieked” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A.shouted    B.swam    C.struggled    D.surfed
41.What now interests the author as an adult is ____.
A.to enjoy a nice dinner                    B.to spend his holiday sunbathing
C.to chat with someone                    D.to experience a foreign culture
42.When the author grows old, he expects that ____.
A.he will read more books about children
B.he will lie in bed without worrying about anything
C.he will bring back wonderful childhood memories from a book
D.he will make sandcastles with his children

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III.阅读理解
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，共30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In the centre of London there is a tall white building with the name “Bush House”. It is the home of BBC English.
BBC is the abbreviation of the British Broadcasting Corporation. It is an organization maintained by the government, providing British people with broadcasting and TV service.
At first, BBC was established as a private business. It began to broadcast on February 14, 1922. In 1927, it was reorganized and replaced by the British Broadcasting Corporation. In November, 1936, it became the first TV broadcasting corporation in the world with TV programmes broadcast.
BBC provides people with the latest news, entertainment and education. These programmes are not under the control of the government. Nor are they affected by other organizations. In the meantime, BBC does not express its own opinion on international affairs or public policy.
BBC has two TV channels, covering the whole country, that is BBC-1 and BBC-2 and three radio broadcast webs, one for family service, another for entertaining programmes, the third for special interesting programmes. The third web broadcasts four programmes. They are classical music, teaching programmes, sports and famous arts and common knowledge. BBC programmes include foreign language programmes, broadcast in 35 foreign languages.
The BBC World Service sends radio programmes around the world in 42 languages. With a regular audience of about 140 million listeners, it reaches more people than any other ternational broadcaster. The World Service also prepares news programmes for its sister television organization and is responsible for a major new gathering service getting information form the world’s media. The World Service receives a direct grant from the British Parliament for operating international broadcasting.
BBC English is part of the BBC World Service. BBC English is for people who want to improve their English. It broadcasts all kind of programmes, which change from month to month. There is a special grammar programme for explaining difficult grammar points. There are programmes about life in Britian. There is also a programme about the differences between written and spoken English. English lessons are broadcast every day on the radio with explanations in English and other languages. They are the easiest to follow. For example, BBC English broadcasts programmes for China with explanations in Chinese.
It is not difficult to find out information about the programmes. You can write to BBC English and ask for any information you need.
It is necessary to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes. Sometimes it is difficult to receive them clearly. If you do have difficulties, it is better to try once again another day.
36.BBC English broadcasts all kinds of programmes ____.
A.which change from month to month      B.which change regularly
C.in special grammar rules                           D.by explaining different grammar points
37.If one needs any information from BBC English, one can ____.
A.get it easily free of charge                    B.get it easily by paying something
C.hardly get it without paying anything      D.seldom get it just by writing a letter
38.I think all the programmes from BBC English is of great use to you. This sentence means ____.
A.I think all the programmes from BBC English is very great
B.BBC English has many great useful programmes.
C.You can use all the programmes from BBC English
D.All programmes from BBC English are very useful for me

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For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies----and other creatures----learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的) “drive” as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Paousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s response in situation where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on a display of lights---- and indeed that they were able to learn quite complicated turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile and bubble” when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of lights which pleased them, it was the success that they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
47.According to the author, babies learn to do things which ____.
A. are directly related to pleasure                   B. will meet their physical needs
C. will bring them a feeling of success          D. will satisfy their curiosity
48.Papousek noticed in the studies that a baby ____.
A. would make learned response when it saw the milk
B. would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink
C. would continue the simple movements without being given milk
D. would turn its head to right or life when it had enough to drink
49.In Papousek’s experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to ____.
A. have the lights turned on                     B. be rewarded with milk
C. please their parents                          D. be praised
50.According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving is a reflection of ____.
A. a basic human desire to understand and control the world
B. the satisfaction of certain physiological needs
C. their strong desire to solve complex problem
D. a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills

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第III卷  读写能力测试（共四部分，满分55分）
第一部分：阅读下列短文，按要求答题（共10小题；每题2分，满分20分）。
阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Today almost everyone knows computers and the Internet. If I ask you “What is the most important in your life?”, maybe you will say “Computers and the Internet.”
The first computer was made in 1946. It was very big but it worked slowly. Today computers are getting smaller and smaller. But they work faster and faster. What can computers do? A writer has said, “People can’t live without computers today.”
The Internet came a little later than computers. It is about twenty-five years later than computers. But now it can be found almost everywhere. We can use it to read books, write letters, do shopping, play games or make friends.
Many students like the Internet very much. They often go into the Internet as soon as they are free. They make friends on the Internet and maybe they have never seen these friends. They don’t know their real names, ages, and even sex (性别). They are so interested in making the “unreal friends” that they can’t put their heart into study. Many of them can’t catch up with others on many subjects because of that.
We can use computers and the Internet to learn more about the world. But at the same time, we should remember that not all the things can be done by computers and the Internet.
46. The Internet cannot be used for __________．
A. studying        B. shopping      C. thinking        D. playing
47. When the computer was invented, it was__________．
A. large and worked quickly          B. small and worked slowly
C. large but worked slowly           D. small but worked quickly
48. The Internet was born in about __________．
A. 1960          B. 1970               C. 1980     D. 1985
49. Which of the following is true?
A. Few students like going into the Internet.
B. Students use the Internet to make “unreal friends”.
C. These “unreal friends” often meet each other.
D. Students know the friends on the Internet very well.
50. What does the writer think of the Internet?
A. It is wonderful.              B. It can make students study harder.
C. It is not good for students.      D. It is helpful, but we can’t do everything on it.

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● Paris City Tour， Seine River Cruise (巡游) and the Eiffel Tower
Duration： 5 hours
Departure Dates： Daily
Unavailable Date： July 14 (Bastille Day)
Departure Point： Paris
Departure Time： 9:00 am， 12:00 pm， 3:00 pm
This tour will give you a view of Paris from three different viewpoints. It includes a coach tour around Paris with a Seine River cruise， which will take you back through 2 000 years of Paris history. The tour concludes with an elevator ride up to the 2nd floor of the Eiffel Tower， where you can experience its wonderful view.
● London City Tour， Thames River Cruise and English Pub Lunch
Duration： 8.5~9 hours
Departure Dates： Daily
Unavailable dates： January 1 (New Year's Day)， December 24~26 (Christmas)
Departure Point： Victoria Coach Station， opposite Gate 1
Departure Time： 8:45 am
You will visit great architecture like Westminster Abbey， the Big Ben， the Houses of Parliament， and the Buckingham Palace. The tour includes 38 ceremonies and 14 Royal weddings.
At noon， you'll have twocourse lunch in a traditional London pub. After lunch， there will be a Thames River Cruise for great views of the Houses of Parliament， London Eye and London's famous bridges. The tour ends at the Tower of London.
● Full Day Tour to Naples and Pompeii
Duration： 13 hours
Departure Dates： Daily
Unavailable Dates： New Year's Day， Christmas Day， December 31
Departure Point： Rome Hotel
Departure Time： 6:30 am
Take the “Highway of the Sun” and travel through the Roman countryside.
Arriving in Naples， you will go on along the hill of Posillipo， where you can enjoy views of the volcano Vesuvius which erupted in AD 79， destroying the towns of Pompeii. At Pompeii you will stop for lunch.
After lunch， visit the site for two hours with a local guide， traveling through the ruins of this ancient city. Then return to the coach for a journey of 3 hours back to Rome.
68.If you have a holiday on New Year's Day， you can choose　　　　.
A.Paris City Tour B.London City Tour
C.Roman City Tour D.Pompeii City Tour
69.This passage is most likely to be found in　　　　.
A.a technical report B.a science magazine
C.a local newspaper D.a history book
70.We can learn from the passage that　　　　.
A.Seine River Cruise will take you back through 2 000 years of European history
B.English Pub Lunch will give you a chance to see a traditional London pub
C.tourists can enjoy views of the volcano Vesuvius erupting in Pompeii
D.the journey back to Rome will take about four hours
71.The main purpose in writing this passage is to　　　　.
A.attract more tourists to Rome
B.introduce three tourist tracks in Europe
C.show some ancient tourist attractions
D.make European culture better known

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