Global Positioning Systems (全球定位系统) are now a part of everyday driving in many countries.These satellitebased systems provide turnbyturn directions to help people get to where they want to go.However，they can also cause a lot of problems，send you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost.Many times，the driver is to blame.Sometimes a GPS error is responsible.Most often，says Barry Brown，it is a combination of the two.
Barry Brown is with the Mobile Life Centre in Stockholm，Sweden.He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States.There he borrowed a GPSequipped car to use during his stay.Mr Brown says，“They just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination.And，then it wasn’t until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they actually put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived.They actually put their home address in.So again，the GPS is kind of ‘garbage in garbage out’．”
Mr Brown says this is a common human error，but what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings，or failures，of GPS equipment.He says，“One problem with a lot of the GPS units is they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn.Because they just give you the next turn，sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it’s going to the wrong place.”
Mr Brown says，“One of the things that struck us，perhaps the most important thing was that you have to know what you’re doing when you use a GPS.There are these new skills that people have developed.There are these new competencies (资格) that you need to have to be able to use a GPS because they sometimes go wrong.This goes against a common belief that GPS systems are for passive drivers who lack navigational skills.”
Barry Brown says to make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers，passengers and GPS systems work together.According to Barry Brow，in most cases，________are blame for the problems.
| A．human errors |
| B．GPS errors |
| C．errors caused by both drivers and GPS |
| D．errors caused by putting in a wrong address |
The example of Barry Brown’s friend is used to show that________.
| A．GPS is nothing but garbage |
| B．GPS is still not accurate enough |
| C．it is difficult for drivers to use GPS equipment |
| D．sometimes drivers are responsible for the problem |
It can be inferred from the second paragraph that________.
| A．it’s impossible to drive from the east to the west in the US |
| B．Barry Brown’s friend went to Stockholm，Sweden by plane |
| C．given wrong instructions，the GPS will produce wrong results |
| D．GPS systems are for passive drivers who lack navigational skills |
Which of the followings is one of the shortcomings of GPS equipment?
| A．It just tells the driver to turn once at a time. |
| B．It gives the driver the overview. |
| C．Its screen is too small to be seen clearly. |
| D．It is only suitable for passive drivers. |
What’s the main idea of the text?
| A．GPS systems are helpful for drivers. |
| B．Driving with GPS can be difficult to navigate (导航)． |
| C．Drivers should understand how GPS systems work. |
| D．Drivers should learn to use GPS systems correctly. |
More than great drinks, great rewards
Enjoy all the benefits and more with your membership to our Loyalty Program!
Whenever you pay with your membership account, you’ll earn a Star.
Collect more Stars, earn more rewards.
Three ways to join us
Buy a Starbucks Card handy to create an account
Track your Stars online or through the mobile app, and we’ll send an email when you’ve earned a reward.
You can also join from your phone.
Download the Starbucks® App.
One of the most exciting benefits of being a member is using our mobile app to:
pay for purchases; view your Stars and rewards; access iTunes®Pick of the Week; see current offers.
Or you can join with specially marked coffee purchased at the grocery store.
Enter your Starcode (limit 2 per day).
Look for the Starcode symbol on specially marked Starbucks® products where you buy groceries.
Three levels with increasingly greater rewards
To reach each level in our Loyalty Program, you need to collect more Stars. (Remember, to earn a Star you must pay with a registered Starbucks Card.)
Welcome level
To earn your first rewards, just register a Starbucks Card.
Birthday drink or treat on us; birthday coupon (优惠券) for 15% off a purchase at StarbucksStore.com.
Green level
Collect 5 Stars within 12 months and you’ll be in the Green level.
• What is included in the Welcome level plus
♦Free in-store refills (续杯) on hot or iced brewed coffee or tea
Gold level
Collect 30 Stars within 12 months and you’re at the Gold level.
• What is included in the Green level plus
♦ A free food or drink item after another 12 Stars earned
♦Personalized Gold Card
Which of the following is a way you can apply for membership?
| A．To enter a Starcode from specially marked Starbucks® products. |
| B．To buy a Starbucks Card over the phone. |
| C．To update the Starbucks® App from the official website. |
| D．To buy a drink at a Starbucks on weekends. |
With the Starbucks® App, you can _______.
| A．change the prices | B．earn a Star |
| C．pay for rewards | D．view current offers |
With a Starbucks Card of Green level, you will get _______.
| A．a free cake | B．personalized Green Card |
| C．free in-store refills | D．all purchases 15% off |
Wikipedia is an online encyclopedia（百科全书）．This name is a combination of“wiki" and “encyclopedia"． Wiki is the Hawaiian word for quick． Wiki websites are designed to enable users to make addition or edit any page Of the site．
Wikipedia has been accused of exhibiting systemic prejudice and mistakes．Critics argue that Wikipedia's open nature and a lack of proper sources for much of the information makes it unreliable,
Mention Wikipedia within the walls of academy and you'll find no shortage of opinions．That-s no surprise．Can an online encyclopedia that is edited by anyone be trusted as a credible information source? Should students be encouraged to use this tool? And is it even possible to discourage its users?
To find out, we performed a simple experiment．We selected 100 terms from the U．S．history textbooks, We chose a mix of items that students might be asked to research for a test or paper and we entered each item into Google to find out which websites the search engine suggests as the most useful links． The results are shocking． Google listed Wikipedia as the number one： 87 times out of 100．
Several conclusions can be drawn from this finding． First, people searching for information about these historical terms are finding the entries from Wikipedia helpful．Second, 6'banning" the use of Wikipedia appears hopelessly simple-minded．Jimmy Wales, one of Wikipedia's founders, told the New York Times, "They might as well suggest not listening to rock & roll either"．
To our untrained eyes, the information from Wikipedia appeared just as reliable．The reason why the content is mostly reliable is probably that these terms are rather mainstream．The high-school level content is less likely to be wrong than the subjects studied in graduate schools． So when primary and secondary students are researching history, Wikipedia is still a proper place to start．
Which of the following can best describe Wikipedia?
| A．Wikipedia is from the Hawaiian language with the meaning of prejudice and mistakes． |
| B．Wikipedia is an online encyclopedia edited freely． |
| C．Wikipedia is an encyclopedia under public attack． |
| D．Wikipedia is a tool for enjoying rock & roll． |
What does "it" in the second paragraph refer to?
| A．Wikipedia's open nature． |
| B．Wikipedia's lack of proper sources． |
| C．Wikipedia |
| D．Information on the Internet． |
How cool can libraries be in an era（时代）of iPods and Kindles? More than you think．Only if you know where to go．
Central Library: Seattle, Washington, United States
The Central Library in Seattle is modern and fashionable and has tourists from around the world paying visits and taking tours．It was designed by Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas and American designer Joshua Ramus．Tours began in 2006, two years after its opening．The library holds various art exhibitions, book signings and other events, while visitors can stop by the Chocolate cart for a coffee and scan through the gift shop anytime
Trinity College Library: Dublin, Ireland
The Trinity College Library in Dublin is the oldest library in Ireland, founded in 1592 by Queen Elizabeth I．It is the largest single library in the world, also known as the Long Room, which contains more than 200,000 0fthe library's oldest books．The Long Room houses one of the oldest harps（竖琴） in Ireland．Dating to the 15th century, the old harp is the model for the symbol foreland．
Geisel Library, University of California: San Diego, United States
At first glance, it looks like a spaceship．Architect William Pereira, who helped design actual space launch facilities at Cape Canaveral in Houston, Texas, designed the library in 1970．It has been featured in sci-fi films, short stories and novels．The library hosts "Dinner in the Library," which invites readers for cocktails, and also a special speech from distinguished authors．
TU Delft Library: The Netherlands
The library at the Delft University of Technology was constructed in 1997 and has more than 862,000 books, 16,000 magazine subscriptions and its own museum．The building itself exists beneath the ground, so you can't really see the actual Library．What makes it interesting is the roof, which is a grassy hill．The roof covers 5,500 square meters．And it has become one of the most striking and greenest structures in the area．Which of the four libraries has the longest history?
| A．Central Library． |
| B．Geisel Library． |
| C．Trinity College Library． |
| D．TU Delft Library． |
What makes Geisel Library different from the others is that
| A．famous writers often deliver speeches there |
| B．it has a reoffer grassy hill |
| C．Queen Elizabeth I founded the library |
| D．it is the largest single library in the world |
In Central Library, you can
| A．buy souvenirs | B．enjoy sci-fi films |
| C．drink cocktails | D．see the old harp |
Telepathy: Mind-to-mind Contact
Telepathy is the ability to communicate without the use of the five senses (sight, hearing, touch, smell, taste). It’s an instinct (本能) which can be woken up in times of emergency or need. When we feel that something is happening or about to happen by instinct, we’re using resources within the unconscious mind. When the resources of two persons’ unconscious minds link together into the same frequency, we call it Telepathy.
We can either send or receive Telepathy. If you know who is calling before you answer the ringing phone, you are probably a good receiver. If you think of a person and he/she calls you, you are most likely to be better at sending.
You can easily put your abilities to the test. Think of somebody and will him or her to contact you. Be patient. The other person may not be a good receiver, but they should contact you much earlier than would normally be expected. Or whenever the phones rings, but try “feeling” who is contacting you. Don’t guess, but try to feel it with your mind. However, if neither of these work for you, that doesn’t mean that you have no ability of telepathy. As mentioned earlier, telepathy is most likely to turn up in case of emergency.
Telepathy dreams often contain telepathic messages. Two people may both dream of the other and find that their dreams had a clear connection. These people are probably linking to each other’s unconscious mind.
Telepathy & Relationships. The more people spend time together, the more likely they are to be able to link up to the other’s mind, especially when separated. There are two reasons for this. One is that they understand the other’s mind through time spent together; the other is that there is usually a strong desire to communicate. A mother will often sense that her child is in danger. This is due to the child’s eagerly wanting his or her mother, knowing that this person who would always want to be there for them, and the mother’s deep desire to protect her child from harm.Telepathy turns up when we ____.
| A．think of a stranger |
| B．use the five senses together |
| C．recall things from our memory |
| D．sense a close friend in danger |
You’re better at sending than receiving Telepathy if you ____.
| A．can tell who knocks at your door |
| B．can feel your mom is in danger |
| C．receive a friend’s call as you wish |
| D．dream of a friend dreaming of you |
Which is not the way to help people gain Telepathy?
| A．Help them have a strong desire to communicate. |
| B．Separate them all the time. |
| C．Help them link up their unconscious minds. |
| D．Let them spend much time together. |
Katharine Meyer Graham was once described as “the most powerful woman in America.” She was not a government official or elected representative. She owned and published The Washington Post. Under her leadership, it became one of the most important newspapers in the country.
Katharine Meyer was born in New York City in 1917. Her father was a successful investment banker and became an important financial official. Her family was very rich. Katharine grew up in large houses in New York and Washington. Her parents were often away from home, traveling and working, Katharine was often lonely. Katherine Meyer graduated from the University of Chicago in Illinois in 1938. In 1933, her father bought a failing newspaper, The Washington Post. It was the least successful one of five newspapers in Washington.
Katharine Graham returned to Washington and got a job editing letters to the editor of her father's newspaper. She married Philip Graham. He was a clerk for Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter but soon accepted a job at his wife's father's newspaper. Mr. Graham improved The Washington Post. He bought Newsweek and several television stations. He also established close ties with important political leaders. However, Mr. Graham treated his wife badly. He had an affair with a young reporter. For many years, Mr. Graham suffered from mental illness. He killed himself in 1963.
Katharine Graham had four children to raise and a newspaper to operate. At first, she was only concerned about finding a way to keep control of The Washington Post until her sons were old enough. She did not think she had the ability to do an important job. She had no training in business or experience in operating a large company. In those days, it was unusual for a woman to be the head of a business. Women were expected to look after their homes and children.
Katharine Graham met with officials of The Washington Post. She was elected president of The Washington Post Company. She had no idea about how to operate a newspaper. So she decided to learn. She began by hiring Benjamin C.Bradlee. He later became chief editor. Mr. Bradlee improved the newspaper. He hired excellent reporters and editors. They began doing important investigative reporting. In 1969, Mrs. Graham became publisher as well as president of The Washington Post Company. In the 1970s, The Washington Post became famous around the world because of two major successes.
Katharine Graham is considered powerful because ____________.
| A．she was born of a very rich family |
| B．she had the most important newspaper |
| C．she was in charge of the The Washington Post |
| D．she gained much money from newspapers |
We can infer from the second paragraph that Katharine Graham _____________.
| A．was one of the top students at university |
| B．helped her father in purchasing the paper |
| C．didn’t take interest in managing a bank |
| D．lived a rich life when she was young |
After Katharine Graham got married ___________.
| A．her husband gave up his previous job |
| B．she got a job editing letters for the editor |
| C．she made The Washington Post improved |
| D．her husband wanted to be a political leader |
Faced with the death of Mr. Graham ____________.
| A．Katharine Graham had confidence to operate the newspaper well. |
| B．Katharine Graham made up her mind to raise the kids. |
| C．Katharine Graham thought more about gaining experience. |
| D．Katharine Graham seemed to be trapped in the dark world. |
What do you think of Benjamin C. Bradlee?
A. He was an expert when it came to earning money.
B. He brought The Washington Post back to life.
C. He intended to buy The Washington Post.
D. He should have given more help to Katharine Graham.
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