Sincewearesocialbeings，thequal

更新 2022-09-03
科目英语
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Since we are social beings，the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships.One strength of the human conditions is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful (有压力的) conditions.Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties.Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to deal with major life changes and daily problems.People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties.Studies over types of illnesses，from depression to heart disease，show that the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against illness，and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.
Social support cushions stress in a number of ways.First，friends，relatives and coworkers may let us know that they value us.Our selfrespect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties.Second，other people often provide us with informational support.They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them.Third，we typically find social companionship supportive.Taking part in freetime activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting (转移注意力) us from our worries and troubles.Finally，other people may give us instrumental support—money aid，material resources，and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems.
Interpersonal relationships are important because they can________.

A．deal with life changes

B．smooth away daily problems

C．make people live more easily

D．cure types of illnesses

The researches show that people’s physical and mental health________.

A．has much to do with the amount of support they get from others

B．lies in the social medical care systems which support them

C．depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles

D．is related to their courage for dealing with major life changes.

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “cushions”？

A．takes place of	B．makes up of
C．lessens the effect of	D．gets rid of

Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work in spare time is an example of________.

A．instrumental support

B．informational support

C．social companionship

D．the strengthening of selfrespect

What is the subject discussed in the text?

A．Effects of stressful conditions.

B．Kinds of social support.

C．Ways to deal with stress.

D．Interpersonal relationships.

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Hillary Rodham Clinton arrived at the White House after serving as First Lady of Arkansas for twelve year. On many occasions, Hillary Clinton has spoken about the need to find the right balance in our lives. For her, the elements of that balance are family, work, and public service.
Hillary Diane Rodham was born in Chicago, Illinois, on October 26, 1947. An excellent student. Hillary also enjoyed sports and was always interested in politics. Graduating from Wellesley College with high honors, she entered Yale Law School, where she developed her special concern for protecting the best interests of children and their families. It was there that she met Bill Clinton, a fellow student.
In 1973, Hillary became a lawyer for the Children’s Defense Fund. In 1975 Hillary left Washington and followed her heart to Arkansas, marrying Bill Clinton. The couple taught together in the University of Arkansas. Their daughter. Chelsea, was born in 1980. As First Lady of Arkansas, Hillary continued to work tirelessly for the benefit of children and families. She introduced a program training parents to work with their preschool children. Because of her efforts, Hillary was named Arkansas Mother of the Year in 1984. Hillary Rodham Clinton brings her own special talents, experience, style and interests to the role of First Lady of the US. She played a leading part in national Health Care Reform.
Hilary Clinton was elected to the US Senate (参议院) in 2000, becoming the first Lady elected to public office and the first female senator to represent New York. In 2006, Senator Clinton won re-election to the Senate, and in 2007 she began her historic campaign for President. In 2008, she campaigned for the election of Barrack Obama and Joe Biden, and in November, she was chosen by President elect Obama as Secretary of State.
1．What do we know from the first paragraph?
A．Hillary Rodham Clinton never finds it hard to balance herself in life.
B．Family, work and public service are all important to Hillary Clinton.
C．The experience as First Lady of Arkansas led her to the White House.
D．Before entering the White House, Hillary had worked for the First Lady.
2．Why did Hillary leave the Children’s Defense Fund?
A．Because she wanted to marry Bill Clinton who was in Arkansas.
B．Because she married Bill Clinton and had to move to Arkansas.
C．Because she found she fell in love with Arkansas.
D．Because she was offered a better job in the University of Arkansas.
3．Where did Bill Clinton get his high education?
A．At Wellesley College.
B．At the Children’s Defense Fund.
C．At the University of Arkansas.
D．At Yale Law School.
4．Which is the right order of the following events?
a. Hillary was elected to the United States Senate.
b. Hillary was chosen as Secretary of State.
c. Hillary served as the First Lady.
d. Hillary supported Obama in his presidential election.
e. Hillary began her campaign for President.
A．c, a, e, d, b B．c, e, d, b, a C．a, e, c, b, d D．b, e, c, d, a

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Americans are thinking about national education standards recently developed by teachers and other education experts. The National Governors Association (NGA) and the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) led the effort.
The United States, unlike other nations, has never had the same school standards across the country. What is the reason? Education is not discussed in the Constitution. That document limits the responsibilities of the federal government. Other responsibilities, like education, fall to the individual states.
Local control of education probably was a good idea two hundred years ago. People stayed in the same place and schools knew what students needed to learn. But today, people move to different cities. And some people work at jobs that did not exist even twenty years ago.
Many American educators say that getting a good education should not depend on where you live. They say that some states have lowered their standards in order to increase student scores on tests required by the No Child Left Behind Act.
Kara Schlosser is communications director for the Council of Chief State School Officers. She says the new standards clearly state what a student should be able to do to be successful in college and work.
Forty-eight states have already shown approval for the standards. Two states reject the idea. Critics(批评家) say that working toward the same standards in every state will not guarantee(保证) excellence for all. Some educators in Massachusetts say adopting the proposal will hurt their students because the state standards are even higher. Others say the change will be too costly, requiring new textbooks and different kinds of training for teachers. Still others fear federal interference or control.
Supporters say the standards are goals and do not tell states or teachers how to teach. They also say the federal government is not forcing acceptance. However, approving the standards will help states qualify(合格) for some federal grant money.
1．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Local Control of Education Standards out of Date
B．American National Education Standards under Consideration
C．Education Standards in Each State – Good or Bad
D．Acceptance of the New Standards in the United States
2．Why is local control of education no longer a good idea today?
A．Because local standards are limited.
B．Because it is required by the federal government.
C．Because people today moves among states more often than before.
D．Because America has never has the same school standards thought the country.
3．Some people are against the national education standards because_______.
A．the standards are higher than those of each state
B．the are nor yet prepared for the new standards
C．the standards may prevent some students gaining excellence
D．they don’t want the federal government to train their teachers
4．If a state agrees to accept the motional standards, it will probably get_______.
A．more students B．advice on how to improve teaching
C．better textbooks D．money from the federal government

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第四部分阅读理解（满分 30分）
Dear Daughter,
As we drove off from Columbia, I wanted to write to tell you that is on my mind.
First, I want to tell you how proud we are. Getting into Columbia is real testament (证明) of what a great well – rounded student you are. You should be as proud of yourself as we are.
Your college years will be the most important of your life. It is in college that you will discover what learning is about. This will be the period when you go from teacher taught to master inspired, after which you must become self – learner. So do take each subject seriously, and even if what you learn is of no practical use in real life, the learning skills you get will be something you will value forever.
　　Follow your passion in college. Take courses you think you will enjoy. Don’t be bothered by what others think or say, but make up your own mind. Most importantly, make true friends and be happy. Don’t worry about their hobbies, grades, looks, or even personalities.
Start planning early what you’d like to do. Where would you like to live? What would you like to learn? I think your plan to study fashion is good, and you should decide where you want to be, and get onto the right courses. I will always be there for you, but the time has come for you to be in the driver’s seat – this is your life, and you need to be in corral. Being in control feels great. Try it, and you’ll love it!
So please treasure your college years – make the best use of your free time, become an in depended ticker in control of your destiny, and learn through your successes and challengers.
May your years at Columbia be the happiest of your life, and may you grow into just what you dream to be .
Love,
Dad (& Mom)
(Excerpt from Kai – Fu Lee’s letter to his daughter)
1．We can read between the lined that            .
A．Dad has s strong love for his daughter
B．Dad is very strict with his daughter
C．Dad always worries about his daughter
D．Dad is much concerned about his daughter’s health
2．The underlined word “destiny” in the passage is the closest in meaning to “_______”.
A．weight      B．life    C．position    D．time
3．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Plan thing – before you do them.
B．Self – learning as very important in college.
C．Follow your passion and what other people say.
D．Leading a life is just like driving a car.
4．The purpose of the author in writing the letter is to tell his daughter to_________.
A．smile to her trouble in life      B．fight till she succeeds
C．be confident and happy D．make the most of the college

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When you first meet a disabled person, what is your first reaction? Curiosity? Sympathy? If you experience any of these emotions, you are not alone．Chances are that you don’t regularly associate with someone who is disabled．Here are four points to keep in mind if you should happen to meet a disabled person.
Disabled people can lead active lives
With few exceptions, a disability does not prevent someone from working, raising a family, or taking part in social activities．Many sports and recreation programs have been adapted to a person with a disability．Instead of concentrating on the disability, look at the person the same way you would any normal person.
It’s all right to ask questions
Many people are afraid of offending someone by asking about their disability．When meeting them for the first time, it’s natural to be curious about who he or she is, and where they’re from．Asking questions is usually acceptable, as long as you use common sense．Don’t, for example, ask a blind person how he feeds and bathes himself.
Offer help when necessary
You see a woman in a wheelchair having trouble entering a building．It’s usually appropriate to lend a hand if someone is having obvious difficulty, but keep in mind that not everyone will be willing to accept your help．Unless the woman in the wheelchair is in danger, you do your part.
Remember that we all have obstacles to overcome
No matter who we are, each of us has a weakness or challenge to face．Like you, a disabled person would much rather be accepted for who they are, rather than be pitied．Many friends have said to me, “I often forget that you are blind.” To me, that is the top compliment(赞扬).
1．Why are you curious when you first see disabled people?
A．They can’t live normally． B．You seldom deal with them.
C．You look down upon them． D．They look quite different.
2．What should you do if you find a disabled person can manage it?
A．You had better lend him or her a hand.
B．You pretend that you haven’t seen him or her.
C．You should encourage him or her to try.
D．You had better let him or her alone.
3．From this passage we learn that ____.
A．the author is blind himself
B．a disabled person needs pitying
C．not everyone has a weakness
D．some people have no difficulty

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“Your honor（法官大人）! Let me say a few words for myself．What they have told you is just not true．I was not trying to kill anyone, and it was hardly possible to try to kill three strong young men at the same time．I didn’t have anything to tell people that night and was quite alone．I didn’t know them and needn’t hate them．I was attacked by them, and I knocked one of them down, it’s true, but Iｗas made to do it, or I might be killed by them．I did this not because I hated the white men as they said．I just had to do so．While I was beaten in the dark street by the three men, a policeman came, caught me and took me here．I know why I was beaten．I have just moved into a house next to these three white men．I have felt that I am not welcome and I have tried to be quiet．I think, as an American, I have the right to choose where to live．I am guilty．What makes me guilty is my color opposite to theirs and I can’t enjoy justice．Yes, I am not guilty．This is all I want to say．Thank you, your honor.”
1．What color was the speaker?
A．Black． B．White． C．Brown． D．Yellow.
2．Why did he speak for himself?
A．He wanted to live in the house next to the whites.
B．He wanted to have the right to choose where to live.
C．He wanted to show he was not guilty.
D．He wanted to show he didn’t hate the whites.
3．The speaker was caught because ____.
A．the policeman wanted to save him
B．he was black and was fighting with the whites
C．he killed the three men in a dark street
D．he lived in a house next to the whites
4．What’s the right order of the story?
a．The speaker said something for himself.
b．The three men said something.
c．The speaker knocked down one of the three men.
d．The speaker was beaten by the three men.
e．He was caught by the policeman.
f．The speaker moved into a house near the whites.
A．a-b-f-d-c-e B．b-a-f-c-d-e C．f-d-c-e-b-a D．f-c-d-e-a-b

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