Whydohumanbeingsstillrisktheir

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更新 2022-09-03
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Why do human beings still risk their lives under ground and doing one of the dirtiest and most dangerous jobs in the world？It’s an increasingly urgent question，given the recent highprofile(引人注目的) mining accidents in Sago，W.Va.and Huntington，Utah.A small group of engineers and robotics experts look forward to a day in the nottoodistant future when robots and other technology do most of the dangerous mining work.
Robotic technology，in particular，holds much promise，McAteer says，especially when it comes to mapping mines and rescuing trapped miners—the special operations of the mining industry.
One of the first mining robots was developed five years ago at CarnegieMellon University’s Robotics Institute.It was called Groundhog and it looked like a golf cart.It used lasers(激光器) to “see” in dark tunnels and map abandoned mines—some of the most dangerous work in the business.
The latest design is called Cave Crawler.It’s a bit smaller than Groundhog，and even more advanced.It can take photos and video and has sensors mounted(增加) that can detect the presence of dangerous gases.Incredibly，the robot has a real sense of logic.If it comes across an obstacle it gets confused.It has to think through the process and where to go next，and sometimes it throws_a_fit just like a real person.
The biggest obstacle，though，is cost.The original research project was federally funded，but that money has dried up，and it’s not clear where future funding will come from. Partly for that reason，and partly because of advances in safety，mining is not nearly as dangerous as it was in the past.Since 1990，fatalities(致命性) have declined by 67 percent and injuries by 51 percent，according to the National Mining Association.
Some experts predict that robots in mines will serve much of the same function that they do in the automotive industry.The robots do the most repetitive and dangerous jobs，but don’t eliminate(消除) the need for human workers.
The underlined phrase “throws a fit” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”．

A．gets angry	B．gets sick
C．becomes hungry	D．becomes cheerful

We can infer from the last paragraph that ________.

A．robots in mines will serve much in the automotive industry

B．there will be no need for human workers in mines

C．the mine robots will have a very bright future

D．robots in mines have a long way to go

Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?

A．Mining robots do most of the mining work at present.

B．Groundhog can discover the presence of dangerous gases.

C．Experts are trying to make robots save miners in danger.

D．Robots cannot do dangerous work in dark areas.

What can be the best title for the text?

A．Mining Accidents in America

B．Could Robots Replace Humans in Mines?

C．Cave Crawler，the Latest Robot

D．The Development of Robots

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Would you eat a ready meal from the fridge rather than cook from scratch? Have you been doing internet shopping rather than going to the stores? What can't you be bothered to do?
A study into how lazy British people are has found more than half of adults are so lazy they'd catch the lift rather than climb two flights of stairs.
Just over 2000 people were quizzed by independent researchers at Nuffield Health, Britain's largest health charity. The results were astonishing.
About one in six people surveyed said if their remote control was broken, they would continue watching the same channel rather than get up.
More than one third of those questioned said they would not run to catch a bus. Worryingly, of the 654 respondents with children, 64% said they were often too tired to play with them.
This led the report to conclude that it's no wonder that one in six children in the UK are classified as obese (very fat) before they start school.
Dr Sarah Dauncey, medical director of Nuffield Health, said: "People need to get fitter, not just for their own sake, but for the sake of their families, friends and evidently their pets too.
"If we don't start to take control of this problem, a whole generation will become too unfit to perform even the most rudimentary of tasks."
And Scotland's largest city, Glasgow, was shamed as the most inactive city in the UK, with 75% surveyed admitting they do not get enough exercise, followed closely by Birmingham and Southampton, both with 67%.
The results cause serious challenges for the National Health Service, where obesity-related illnesses such as heart disease and cancer have been on a steady increase for the past 40 years and are costing billions of pounds every year.
71. What causes children in the UK to be obese?
A. Eating ready meal            B. Watching TV
C. Doing Internet shopping      D. Being lazy
72. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. British people are too lazy to do anything.
B. Internet shopping will do harm to your health.
C. Many people would not run to catch a bus in Britain.
D. People should be more active and take regular exercise to keep fit.
73. Which of the following is Not true according to the passage?
A. One sixth of British people use remote control when watching TV.
B. People will benefit not only themselves but their families by getting fit.
C. Fatness can cause diseases such as heart disease and cancer.
D. More people get obesity-related illnesses now than 40 years ago.
74. What does the underlined word rudimentary most probably mean?
A. basic          B. serious       C. vital       D. hard
75. All the following are among the most lazy cities in the UK except ___________.
A. Glasgow    B. Birmingham      C. Nuffield     D. Southampton

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The world of the science-fiction 3-D film Avatar is so perfect that the line between fact and fiction has become somewhat blurred (模糊) .
Movie-goers have admitted being annoyed by depression at not being able to visit the planet Pandora. Set in the future when Earth's resources have been used up, director James Cameron's film tells the story of a company trying to exploit a rare mineral on a new planet. The humans clash with the natives — a peace-loving race of 7-foot-tall, blue-skinned creatures called the Na'vi, who exist in perfect harmony with nature.
Fans have flooded the Internet with their confused feelings. On the site Avatar Forums (论坛), the topic "Ways to deal with the depression of the dream of Pandora not being able to come true" has more than 1,000 posts. In a similar forum, Louis, one user, wrote: "When I woke up this morning after watching Avatar for the first time yesterday, the world seemed grey. It just seems so meaningless. I still don't really see any reason to keep doing things at all. I live in a dying world." On the Avatar site Naviblue, a fan calling himself Jorba has even asked others to join him in starting a real Na'vi tribe.
This fantasy world, with its wonderful plants and animal life, is brought to life by using impressive special effects. Many people believe that 2010 is the breakthrough year for the technology helped by 3-D movies such as Avatar. "It has taken the best of our technology to create this virtual world and real life will never be as perfect as it seems on screen. It makes real life seem more imperfect."
66. What is the best title of the text?
A. A blockbuster movie: Avatar
B. The Avatar effect: movie-goers feel depressed after watching Avatar
C. 2010: a breakthrough year for. 3-D movies
D. Pandora: a perfect world
67. We can infer that Louis___________after watching the film Avatar.
A. will cherish his present life more
B. feels disappointed about the real world
C. will intend to create a real Na'vi tribe
D. is proud of living on the earth
68. Thanks to the success of Av'atar, ___________.
A. 3-D technology will probably develop quickly in 2010
B. most people look forward to living on another planet
C. many more science-fiction films will be made in the coming years
D. people have become more realistic about life
69. The underlined word "virtual" probably means___________.
A. unreal         C. true         B. perfect       D. practical
70. According to the passage the natives on the planet are___________
A. not harmony with the nature    B. blue-haired race
C. peace-loving creatures         D. fond of fighting with human race

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"A survey was conducted in Shanghai where interviewees were asked if they wanted to be a factory worker. One percent of all people interviewed said “YES," Wang Hongjun, a technician, said, raising his voice for dramatic effect. "But I can tell you, only a small part of that 1 percent are telling the truth."
I've met colorful people like Wang all over China. They are cynical (玩世不恭的) yet warmhearted, plain spoken but smart. And many of them are confined (局限于) to work in factories.
Wang is a top technician but also represents manual factory workers, who are China's most important natural resource. Their energy is powering China's economic boom, and their muscle is turning the wheel of the world's factory.
But does their unskilled labor give their life meaning? At school, did they tell their friends: "When I grow up I want to work in a factory making socks?" Did you?
Factory work has always been a stepping-stone from farm life to the city and a modern life. It's been happening for centuries, but today, with our space-age technology, it's outdated. Earning 1,200 yuan ($169) per month working in a factory is better than that on a farm, but as Wang points out, it's not a dream career. There should be better ways to earn your rice.
Many modern factories no longer have production line workers. Robots do the assembly (装配). People just do the monitoring. In this age of technology, in which China is now working smarter and not just harder, why are people still standing in production lines?
But life is cheap in China. So why not continue to exploit the low-cost labor situation and keep the economy growing fast, some entrepreneurs may ask.
But have these businessmen ever labored in a factory?
61. How many people surveyed really like to be factory workers?
A. One percent                       B. Only a small part
C. Only a small part of that one percent          D. The writer didn’t mention it.
62. Which is NOT the writer's opinion of factory workers?
A. cynical    B. unimportant     C. warmhearted      D. plain spoken
63. Wang Hongjun is a person who is___________.
A. difficult to get along with
B. humorous but serious
C. cynical but warmhearted, plain spoken but smart
D. full of energy but doesn't want to work hard
64. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Factory workers make contributions to China's economic boom.
B. Working in a factory is better than that on a farm.
C. Factory workers are satisfied with their living conditions.
D. Some entrepreneurs exploited the low-cost labor situation.
65. The writer uses___________ to begin the passage.
A. a lot of figures       B. many examples    C. some dialogue     D. the result of a survey

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第三部分   阅读理解 (共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
TIJUANA, Mexico – A powerful earthquake swayed (摇动) buildings from Los Angeles to Tijuana, killing two people in Mexico, blacking out cities and forcing the evacuation (疏散) of hospitals and nursing homes. One California city closed off its downtown due to unstable buildings.
The 7.2-magnitude quake centered just south of the US border near Mexicali was one of the strongest earthquakes to hit region in decades.
"It sounds like it's felt by at least 20 million people," USGS seismologist Lucy Jones said. "Most of Southern California felt this earthquake."
Sunday afternoon's earthquake hit hardest in Mexicali, a commerce center along Mexico's border with California, where authorities said the quake was followed by at least 20 smaller aftershocks, including ones of magnitudes 5.1, 4.5 and 4.3.
"It has not stopped trembling in Mexicali," said Baja California state Civil Protection Director Alfredo Escobedo on Monday.
Escobedo said one man was killed when his home collapsed just outside of Mexicali and another died when he rushed into the street in panic and was struck by a car. At least 100 people were injured in the city, most of them struck by falling objects. Power was out in virtually the entire city.
Susan Warmbier was putting away groceries in the San Diego suburb of Chula Vista when her husband asked, "Is the house moving?"
Elsewhere in San Diego, there were reports of shattered windows, broken pipes and water main breaks in private buildings, but no reports of injuries, San Diego Fire-Rescue Department spokesman Maurice Luque said. Coronado Bridge over San Diego Bay was briefly closed as a precaution.
Across the border in Tijuana, Mexico, the quake caused buildings to sway and knocked out power in some areas. No tsunami warning was issued, but hundreds of people on Tijuana's crowded beach feared the worst and fled when they felt the ground shake.
56. What's the best title of the passage?
A. A strong quake in Mexico, but no tsunami
B. A strong quake kills 2 in Mexico, frightens US states
C. A strong quake, downtowns closed off
D. A strong quake, buildings collapses
57. The 7.2-magnitude quake___________
A. centered just south of the Mexico
B. was felt by 20 million people in Mexico
C. was felt by most of Southern California
D. was the strongest earthquakes to hit region in centuries
58. Which is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Some cities had power failure after the quake.
B. One of the cities closed off its downtown because of the swaying buildings.
C. Many smaller quakes happened after the 7.2-magnitude one.
D. Hundreds of people on the beach died because of the tsunami.
59. People got injured mostly ___________
A. because they were in panic
B. because the power was out in the whole city
C. because of the falling objects
D. because they were buried under the falling objects
60. Coronado Bridge over San Diego Bay was briefly closed___________
A. to avoid further dangers
B. by the San Diego Fire-Rescue Department
C. as a reminding of the quake
D. to prevent the bridge from destroying

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Exposure to the radio frequently fields（射频场）generated by mobile phones does not cause head pain or increase blood pressure, according to a Norwegian study. Instead, people
who experience such symptoms（征兆）do so because they expect that they will occur, the findings suggested.
Dr Gunnhild Oftedal and colleagues at the Norway University of Science and Technology in Trondheim experimented on 17 subjects who “ regularly experienced pain or discomfort in the head during or shortly after mobile phone calls lasting between 15 and 30 minutes.”
The participants were tested during mobile phone radiofrequency exposure and sham exposure（假性辐射）, without knowing which sessions was which. Each session lasted 30 minutes. and 65 pairs of trials were conducted.
As reported in the medical magazine Cephalalgia, the subjects said they felt an increase in pain or discomfort during 68 per cent of all trials. The degree of not associated with the order of trials.
The researchers observed no significant correlations between actual exposures and the subjects’ reports of symptoms, and no effects of exposure on changes in heart rate or blood pressure.
Oftedal’s team concludes that the most likely explanation for the headaches and discomfort reported by the subjects “is that the symptoms are due to negative expectations.”
67. According to the report, people using mobiles feel affected by exposure to the radiofrequency fields because __________
A. they have merely imaginary expectations
B. some symptoms just occur in their body
C. there are negative effects produced by mobiles
D. radiofrequency generated by mobiles is too high
68. Which word in the report refers to the same as the underlined word “subjects”?
A. researchers B. symptoms C. trials D. participants
69. Dr Gunnhild Oftedal and his colleagues _______.
A. find effects of exposure on changes in heart rate or blood pressure
B. test the participants in two different situations
C. feel an increase in pain or discomfort during most trials
D. conclude that the symptoms do result from the radiofrequency fields
70. We can infer from the report that _____.
A. Dr Gunnhild Oftedal and his colleagues are strongly against the use of mobiles
B. the subjects share the same discomfort in both mobile radiofrequency exposure and sham exposure
C. the subjects are told in advance which section they will be in and which order they will follow
D. Dr Gunnhild Oftedal and his colleagues fail to find the side effects caused by exposure to the radiofrequency fields

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