It may seem easy to say that plants and animals are different. Any child can tell the difference between a tree and a dog. But those differences are far deeper than just what they look like. The cells (细胞) that plants are made up of are different. In other words, the cell wall of plants has something special. 
First of all, it's important to find that not all plant cells have a cell wall. Besides, there are many differences of a cell wall based on the kinds of plant. The following is meant to be what a plant cell wall is like.
The cell wall of a plant is on the outside of the cell membrane (膜). It is usually hard and cannot be bent easily, but the degree of flexibility (韧性) of the cell wall is different. It is based on the special use that the cell has in keeping the plant alive. Cells that make up the trunk of a tree are clearly less flexible than cells on a leaf.
Cell walls act in many ways. They serve to protect the plant. They provide support, as well as help in the movement of chemicals and wastes into and out of the cell. More importantly, they control the water that goes in and out. Plants must have good water controlling systems (系统), allowing them to keep water during dry seasons, and get rid of unnecessary water. Plants can't walk around to find water, so being able to control water is very important.
So there you have it , what a plant cell wall is. Of course, there are many other things that are not talked about here. Knowing more about plant cell wails requires further study and research.From the first two paragraphs we can find that _____.
| A．all plants have a ceil wall |
| B．plant cells and animal cells are the same |
| C．different kinds of plant have different cell walls |
| D．there are no differences between the cells of a tree and a dog |
The underlined word "bent" in the passage is the closest in meaning to _____.
| A．变形的 | B．防水的 | C．太阳灼伤的 | D．表皮破损的 |
Cells in the trunk of a tree are _____ those on a leaf.
| A．as flexible as | B．not so flexible as |
| C．more important than | D．less important than |
What is the most important use of a plant cell wall?
| A．To protect the plant. | B．To provide support. |
| C．To move chemicals and wastes. | D．To control the water. |
An Englishman was showing a foreign visitor around London. “What’s that strange building?” asked the visitor. “That’s the Tower of London.” “I see. How long did it take to build it?” “About 500 years.” “In my country we can build it in five months,” Shortly after that they came to St. Paul’s Cathedral(大教堂). “Very interesting!” said the visitor. “How long did it take to build it ?” “Near forty years.” said the Englishman. “In my country we can finish it in forty days at most,” said the visitor. This went on all day.
They visited most of the best known buildings in the city. Every time they saw a new one, the visitor asked what it was and how long it took to build it. Then he said that they could do the same thing much faster in his country.
At last the Englishman got angry with the visitor though he tried not to show it. Several days later they came to the House of Parliament(议会)and the visitor asked his usual question, “What is that?” The Englishman answered, “ I have no idea. It wasn’t there last night.”The Englishman showed the foreign visitor around _______ one day.
| A．The Tower of London | B．St. Paul’s Cathedral |
| C．Some famous buildings in the city | D．The whole city of London |
The visitor said that in his country it would take them ______ to build the Tower of London.
| A．less than half a year | B．forty days | C．five hundred years | D．fifty days |
It took them a few days to see ______.
| A．some of the best known buildings in England. | B．several best known places in England |
| C．many famous houses in the city of London | D．most of the best known buildings in London |
The Englishman was angry by the end of the day, but he ______.
| A．didn’t want to say anything | B．tried to show it to the visitor |
| C．had no time to tell the visitor | D．tried not to show it to the visitor |
The Englishman’s answer to the question of the last place showed_____.
| A．he was sorry that he hadn’t seen the building before |
| B．he could say nothing because he didn’t know anything about it |
| C．he was angry and didn’t want to tell the visitor its name |
| D．he didn’t know how to tell the visitor the name of the building |
When an animal helps another animal, it usually gets something valuable in return. For a long time, many scientists thought that only people could act generously just because it feels good.
However, a new study in Germany suggests that chimpanzees (黑猩猩)also do good things for no real reason. And so do children who are as young as 18 months of age. Maybe it is because humans and chimpanzees share an ancestor(祖先) about 6 million years ago.
People and chimpanzees appear to develop such features(特征) without any other training, says Warneken, a scientist in Germany. Warneken and his partners worked on adult chimpanzees that live on an island in the African country of Uganda. They also worked with 18-month-old children in Germany. The researchers performed three experiments on the adult chimpanzees and two experiments on the kids. In the first animal experiment，a person tried to reach his arm into a cage to get a stick，but he couldn’t reach it. A chimpanzee was in the cage，and it could reach the stick if it wanted to.
Thirty-six chimpanzees took part in this experiment one by one, and no chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done. Even though the animals hadn’t met the person before, they usually took the stick and gave it to the person. What’s more, they did this whether or not the person offered them bananas as a reward. In a similar experiment, 36 children acted in a similar way. They helped the person reach the stick, whether or not they were offered toys for their help.
Researchers did other experiments on chimpanzees and babies. No rewards were offered in either experiment. And still, both the chimpanzees and children went out of their way to help. Still, the new study is different from earlier findings. Researchers have found that chimpanzees don’t give rewards of food to other chimpanzees, even if it costs them nothing to be generous.Warneken and his partners worked with ________.
| A．young chimpanzee that live on an island |
| B．18-month-old children who live in Germany |
| C．kids who are living with adult chimpanzees |
| D．adult chimpanzees that live on the African mountain |
A new study in Germany suggests that ________.
| A．people also share information for good reason |
| B．children know something at the age of 18 months |
| C．chimpanzees do good things for no real reason, too |
| D．humans should develop their abilities 6 million years ago |
Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？
| A．Thirty-six chimpanzees joined in this experiment one by one |
| B．No chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done |
| C．The animals hadn’t met the person before the experiments |
| D．Chimpanzee gave the person the stick in order to get a reward |
From the passage we know that ________.
| A．both chimpanzees and children can find their way to help others |
| B．chimpanzees will reward good food to other chimpanzees |
| C．children is more generous than chimpanzees in some ways |
| D．both chimpanzees and children can do the difficult experiments |
It is common to believe that learning just takes place in school, but much of human learning happens outside the classroom, even from birth and people continue to learn throughout their lives.
Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to use toys, food, and other objects. They use all of their senses to learn about the sights, sounds, tastes, and smells in their environments. They learn how to communicate with their parents, grandparents, siblings, friends, and other people important to their world. When they enter school, children learn subjects like reading, writing, and maths. They also continue to learn a lot outside the classroom. They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished. They learn social skills for communicating with other children. After they finish school, people must learn to deal with many changes that affect their lives, such as getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job.
Because learning continues throughout our lives and influences almost everything we do, the study of learning is important in many different fields. Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate children. Scientists, social workers and other human service workers need to understand how certain experiences change people’s behaviors.
Learning is closely related (相关的) to memory, which is the storage(储存) of information in the brain (大脑). Scientists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this storage takes place, and how the brain later offers knowledge when we need it. However, scientists who study learning are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a result of a person’s experiences. The underlined word “siblings” in Paragraph 2 probably means _________.
| A．teachers | B．classmates | C．doctors | D．brothers or sisters |
When do children begin to know to behave well according to the passage?
| A．After they go into society. | B．Before they enter school. |
| C．When they are at school. | D．Before they are born. |
Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?
| A．As a matter of fact, learning begins at a person’s birth and last the whole life. |
| B．Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate their students. |
| C．People need to understand how certain experiences change their behaviors. |
| D．Social workers need to study how experiences affect people’s thoughts. |
“The zoo has money problem,” Grandmother Sandy said.
Angel listened. She heard that Fresno’s Chaffee Zoo didn’t have enough money to take care of its animals.
Angel loved animals. She planned to study them when she grew up. Angel’s family had four cats. Angel took good care of them and made sure that they always had food and water.
Angel felt sorry for the zoo animals. While the others in the family were cooking dinner, Angel was cooking up a way to help the animals. She decided to write a letter to show how she felt. At the end of the letter, she wrote: “Give a dollar, help an animal.” She sent the letter and a dollar to The Fresno Bee, a local newspaper.
A few days after that, Angel’s letter was published. Almost immediately, people began sending in money. Angel’s letter was having effect!
At school, Angel went to each classroom to read the letter that appeared on the newspaper. She asked students in her school to give money to the zoo. Next, Angel was asked to appear on television. She was invited to be on a popular talk show.
The workers in the zoo were very happy. Ray Navarro is the person most responsible(有责任的)for the animals. “Angel opened the eyes of Fresno,” said Ray. “She made us see that people can make a difference.”By saying “Angel was cooking up a way to help the animals”, the writer means ___________
| A．Angel wanted to cook the animals for food |
| B．Angel was cooking a meal for the animals |
| C．Angel wanted to help the animals to run away |
| D．Angel was thinking of an idea to help the animals |
Which is the correct order of the following events?
a. Angel appeared on television. b. People began sending in money.
c. Angel’s letter was published. d. Angel asked her schoolmates to give money.
e. Angel wrote the letter to a local newspaper.
| A．c-a-b-e-d | B．e-a-b-d-c | C．e-c-b-d-a | D．b-d-e-c-a |
Ray Navarro thought that Angel _________.
| A．was most responsible for the animals | B．was good at making animals happy |
| C．helped the people in Fresno | D．could cure blind people |
Woodland International Summer School
Our International Summer School has been designed to provide a complete British experience. Here pupils not only learn English but come face-to-face with history in some of Europe’s oldest cultural centres. They can also enjoy exciting activities.
About the 2013 Course
This course is designed for boys and girls from 10-16 years and provides a wonderful chance to experience life in a traditional British boarding(寄宿) school.
English Lessons
Our programme provides 24 hours of English teaching each week. Students study grammar, writing, speaking, listening, reading, and comprehension. They can practice their new skills while interviewing visitors and local people in the town of Woodland and villages around.
Excursions(远足) & Entertainment
Each week includes cultural and activity trips. In 2013 our excursion will be to:
12th July—Manchester
19th July—York
26th July—Edinburgh
2nd August—Liverpool
Dates & Price
| No. of Course |
Arrive |
Leave |
Course Fee |
| 1 |
Sunday 8/7 |
Saturday 21/7 |
￡1900 |
| 2 |
Sunday 8/7 |
Saturday 28/7 |
￡2850 |
| 3 |
Sunday 8/7 |
Saturday 4/8 |
￡3800 |
| 4 |
Sunday 15/7 |
Saturday 28/7 |
￡1900 |
| 5 |
Sunday 15/7 |
Saturday 4/8 |
￡2850 |
| 6 |
Sunday 22/7 |
Saturday 4/8 |
￡1900 |
Contact Us
Woodland School, Cumbria, LA10 5HG， UK
TEL: (+44)1-539-622-613(overseas) or 01539622613 (UK)
EMAIL: enquiries@woodlandsummerschool. OrgThe main purpose of the summer school is to help the students _____________.
| A．get used to boarding school life | B．improve their English skills |
| C．learn about the town of Woodland | D．develop their abilities to live |
If you want to visit Liverpool during the 2013 Course, you can’t attend _________.
| A．Course No. 3 | B．Course No. 4 | C．Course No. 5 | D．Course No. 6 |
This advertisement is used to attract children from 10-16 years ______________.
| A．in Britain | B．all over Europe |
| C．in Woodland | D．all over the world |
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