People born in winter are more likely to suffer mental health disorders, according to a recent study carried out by researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee.
Researchers raised baby mice from birth to weaning (断奶) in either “summer” light cycles of 16 hours of light and 8 hours of dark or “winter” cycles of 8 hours of light and 16 hours of dark. A third group experienced 12 hours of light and 12 hours of dark a day.
Then half the winter mice stayed in a winter cycle, while half switched to a summer schedule. The summer mice were similarly split. The mice raised in equal periods of light and dark were split into three groups, one of which stayed on the 12hour schedule, one of which joined the winter group, and one of which joined the summer group.
After 28 days, it turns out the summerborn mice behaved the same whether they stayed on the summer cycle or switched to winter. But among the winterborn mice, those stayed in winter kept their previous schedule, while those that switched to summer stayed active for an extra hour and a half, which indicates that mice born and weaned in a winter light cycle showed dramatic disruptions in their biological clocks.
The finding is the first of its kind in mammals, and it could explain why people born in winter are at higher risk for mental health disorders including bipolar depression, schizophrenia and seasonal affective disorder.
“We know that the biological clock regulates mood in humans，”said study researcher McMahon. “If the mechanism (机制) similar to the one that we found in mice operates in humans, then it could not only have an effect on a number of behavioral disorders, but also have a more general effect on personality.”How many groups of mice are there finally in all in the experiment?
| A．Four. | B．Five. | C．Six. | D．Seven. |
What's the main idea of the text?
| A．The biological clock regulates mood in humans. |
| B．People born in winter are at higher risk for physical health disorders. |
| C．Being born in winter has a negative effect on people's mental health. |
| D．The length of light will influence the behavior of the mice. |
The underlined word “split”(Paragraph 3) can be replaced by ________.
| A．ended | B．torn | C．hit | D．divided |
Who is the appropriate reader of the passage?
| A．A jobhunter. | B．A student in the university. |
| C．A newlymarried couple. | D．An experienced dentist. |
The middle school Foreign Language Program begins with a program at 5th level. All students take twelve weeks each of French, German and Spanish. Students continue with the language of their choice at 6th, 7th and 8th levels to complete the two semesters of high school work.
Foreign Language classes are 23 minutes long and meet four times per week. The classes actively involve the students in listening exercises, vocabulary building, reading, writing, grammar and the development of oral proficiency in specific topic of conversation.
The program is also designed to give students cultural insight into the beliefs and behaviors of the people and cultures represented by each language. Art, history, music, dance, food and the customs of each society are examined through filmstrips , games, cultural event projects and activities. The high school student exchange programs are involved with the middle school to allow personal contact with students from other countries where the languages are spoken.
Each year the advancements in technology help to bring the students even closer to the people of the world they are studying. Computer programs are used to practise and increase vocabulary and various language skills. The resource programs provide facts and figures instantly to supplement their knowledge of history and geography. The Internet offers opportunities to tap information on a number of topics in English and in other foreign languages. The faculty makes every effort to be aware of new technology and to make it accessible to the students whenever possible.
The middle school program hopes to help each student to do the study of foreign language throughout their life with education, travel and a continued awareness of the world and its peoples.
1. The first paragraph tells us that ________.
A. there are about 5 levels in language program
B. students have to learn French, German and Spanish for 12 months in all at first
C. high school students will be at the 6 levels in the language at least
D. you can choose three languages at three levels
2. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Students have more than 90 minutes of foreign language learning each week.
B. Students are trained in four-skill language learning.
C. Students will learn about foreign culture and customs.
D. Learning foreign languages throughout one’s life is the aim of the program.
3. The purpose of the passage is to introduce _________.
A. a foreign language program
B. the foreign language classes
C. what students will learn through the program
D. how the technology has an effect on the language learning
4. Which of the following does not belong to the program?
A. Kinds of foreign languages. B. Classes activities.
C. Students exchange program. D. Technology development.
Description:
Author: Stephen Williams
Publisher: Routledge
Subject: Tourism, Earth Sciences, Reference, Industries
Publication Date: November, 1998
Language: English
Illustrations: Yes
Pages: 224
Dimensions: 9.36×6.22×69, 80 lbs.
Condition: Standard
Available at: Quimby Warehouse
Publisher Comments:
Tourism has become one of the most significant forces for change in the world today. Regarded by many as the world’s largest industry, tourism brings regular migrations of people, exploitation of resources, processes of development and inevitable effects on places, economies, societies and environments. It is a phenomenon that increasingly demands attention.
Tourism Geography explores the factors that have encouraged the development of both domestic and international forms of tourism. The differing economic, environmental and socio-cultural impacts that tourism may receive are examined, together with a consideration of ways in which planning for tourism can assist in the regulation of development and produce many forms of tourism. Drawing on case studies from across the world, the book shows how geographic opinions can inform and illuminate the study of tourism, and offers a review of established geographies of tourism to show how new patterns in the production and consumption of tourist places are fashioning the new tourism geographies of the twenty-first century.
62. This passage is mainly about _________.
A. the review of geography B. the publisher comments
C. the tourism D. the introduction of a book
63. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Tourism Geography is a book dealing with tourism.
B. Tourism Geography’s about a warehouse which you’ll tour.
C. You can’t buy Tourism Geography until December 1998.
D. Tourism Geography is written by William Stephens.
64. All the following are the book’s subjects except _________.
A. tourism B. earth sciences
C. product details D. industries
65. The book contains the topics of _______.
A. elements to develop forms of tourism
B. new patterns of tourism geography
C. examining unchangeable tourism
D. ways of production and consumption
Today’s generation of young people is the largest in human history. Nearly half the world’s population — more than 3 billion people — are under the age of 25. More than half the world’s young people — about 850 million between the ages of 10 and 24 — live in Asia and the Pacific region.
This rapidly expanding youth population is increasingly vulnerable to HIV. Young people are at the center of the HIV/AIDS epidemic . Of the 10 million young people living with HIV worldwide, 21% live in Asia and the Pacific region. When surveying of all new HIV/AIDS cases globally, nearly a quarter of all people living with HIV/AIDS are under the age of 25. An estimated 6,000 young people are infected every day — one every 14 minutes. The majority are women and girls. In South Asia, where over 1 million young people between t
he ages of 15 to 24 are infected with HIV, more than half (62%) are young women.
Young people are key to defeating the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Yet in most countries, they lack the information, education and services that will enable them to make informed and healthy choices about their health, and the needs of youths are often ignored. UNESCO, in collaboration with other UN agencies, governments, NGOs and community-based organizations, makes efforts to ensure the health needs of youths, including HIV prevention education, programs and policies implemented throughout Asia and the Pacific region.
59. How many young people with HIV live in Asia and the Pacific area?
A. 3 billion B. 850 million C. 100 million D. 2.1 million
60. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. It’s young people themselves that can defeat HIV.
B. Most cases infected with HIV are young people.
C. Most young people who are infected with HIV are women.
D. Half of the world population is infected with HIV.
61. From the passage we can conclude that ________.
A. more and more young people will be infected with HIV
B. it’s because of not being informed that young people are easy to be infected
C. people in Asia and the Pacific region are easy to be infected
D. there is no policy for teenagers’ prevention of HIV
Zheng He (1371-1435), or Cheng Ho, is arguably（可论证地） China’s most famous navigator. Starting from the beginning of the 15th Century, he traveled to the West seven times. In 28 years, he traveled more than 50,000km and visited over 30 countries, including Singapore. Zheng He died in the tenth year of the reign（统治） of the Ming emperor Xuande (1435) and was buried in the southern suburbs of Bull’s Head Hill (Niushou) in Nanjing.
In 1985, during the 580th anniversary（周年纪念） of Zheng He’s voyage, his tomb（坟墓） was rebuilt. The new tomb was built on the site of the original tomb in Nanjing and reconstructed according to the customs of Islamic teachings, as Zheng He was a Muslim.
At the entrance to the tomb is a Ming-style building, which was a memorial hall. Inside are paintings of the man himself and his navigation maps. To get to the tomb, there are newly laid stone platforms and steps. The stairway consists of 28 stone steps that are divided into four sections with each section having seven steps. This represents Zheng He’s seven journeys to the West. The Arabic words which mean “Allah (God) is great” are written on top of the tomb.
Zheng He built many wooden ships, some of which are the largest in history, in Nanjing. Three of the shipyards still exist today.
56. Zheng He’s tomb was rebuilt ________.
A. because he was a Muslim B. following the Islamic customs
C. to celebrate Zheng’s 580th birthday D. beside the original one
57. You can see _____ at Zheng He’s tomb.
A. a Ming-style hall in the tomb B. ZhengHe’s portraits and his maps for his voyage
C. Arabic-style buildings and materials D. four flights of 28 stone steps
58. The passage mainly tells us ______.
A. how ZhengHe built his ships B. something about his tomb
C. that ZhengHe was a Muslim navigator D. about ZhengHe, his voyages and his tomb
A device that stops drivers form falling asleep at the wheel is about to undergo testing at Department of Transport laboratories and could go on sale within 12 months.
The system, called Driver Alert, aims to reduce deadly road accidents by 20% - 40% that are caused by tiredness. Airline pilots can also use it to reduce the 30% of all pilot-error accidents that are related to fatigue.
Driver Alert is based on a computerized wristband. The device, worn by drivers or pilots, gives out a sound about every four minutes during a car journey. After each sound the driver must respond by squeezing the steering wheel (方向盘). A sensor in the wristband detects this pressing action and measures the time between the sound the driver’s response.
Tiredness is directly related to a driver’s response time. Usually, a watchful driver would take about 400 milliseconds to respond, but once that falls to more than 500 milliseconds, it suggests that the driver is getting sleepy.
In such cases the device gives out more regular and louder sounds, showing that the driver should open a window or stop for a rest. If the driver’s response continues to slow down, the sounds become more frequent until a nonstop alarm warns that the driver must stop as soon as possible.
The device has been delivered to the department’s laboratories for testing. If these tests, scheduled for six months’ time, are successful, the makers will bring the product to market within about a year.
72. According to the text, Driver Alert ______.
A. aims to reduce tiredness-related accidents B. has gone through testing at laboratories
C. aims to prevent drivers form sleeping D. has been on sale for 12 months
73. How should a driver respond to the sounds from Driver Alert?
A. By sounding a warning. B. By touching the wristband.
C. By checking the driving time. D.By pressing the steering wheel.
74. We can learn form the text that the driver needs to stop for a break when his response time is ____
A. about 400 milliseconds B. below 500 milliseconds
C. over 500 milliseconds D. about 4 minutes
75. When the driver gets sleepy while driving, Driver Alert ______.
A. moves more regularly B. stops working properly
C. opens the window for the driver D. sounds more frequently and loudly
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