LONDON (Reuters) Ecotourism is causing a lot of damage to wildlife and may be endangering the survival of the very animals people are flocking to see, according to researchers.
Biologists and conservationists are worried because polar bears, dolphins, penguins and other creatures are getting stressed and losing weight and some are dying.
"Evidence is growing that many animals do not react well to tourists in their backyard，” New Scientist magazine said.
The immediate effects "researchers have noticed are changes in behavior, heart rates. or stress hormone levels but they fear it could get much worse and over the long term “ could endanger the survival of the very wildlife they want to see. ”
Although money produced through ecotourism, which has been growing at about 10-30 percent a year, has major benefits for poor countries and people living in rural areas, the Swiss-based World Conservation Union (IUCN) and some governments fear not all projects are audited（审计） and based on environmentally friendly policies，according to the magazine.
Transmission of disease to wildlife，or small changes to wildlife health through disturbance of daily life or increased stress levels, while not obvious to the casual observer, may translate to lower survival and breeding，” said Philip Seddon , of the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand.
Scientists have noticed that bottleneck dolphins along the northeastern coast of New Zealand become nervously excited when tourist boats arrive. Similar changes in behavior have been observed in polar bears and yellow-eyed penguins in areas visited by colorists are producing smaller babies.
Conservationists are now calling for more research into the effect of ecotourism on animals and say the industry must be developed carefully. They also want studies done before new ecotourism projects are started.
“The animals’ welfare should be very important because without them there will be no ecotourism，” said Rochelle Constantine of the University of Auckland in New ZealandWhich is not discovered to have changed in animals disturbed by tourists?
| A．behavior | B．birth rate | C．hormone levels | D．heart rates |
We may learn from the text that _____.
| A．ecotourism must be developed properly |
| B．polar bears are losing weight without enough food |
| C．all the poor countries have stopped ecotourism |
| D．money produced through ecotourism should be spent on wildlife |
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?
| A．Many animals do not react well in their backyard |
| B．Studies should be done before new ecotourism projects are started |
| C．Ecotourism has been growing at about 10—30 percent a year. |
| D．polar bears in areas visited by ecotourists are producing smaller babies. |
What Rochelle Constantine said in the last paragraph implies that _____.
| A．if people want to get high income, they must develop ecotourism |
| B．animals have rights to live their own life |
| C．animals are people's good friends |
| D．people should take good care of wildlife |
A quarrel at home may result in you falling ill. Don’t laugh, it’s true. Family matters including living habits and even the way we speak have a big effect on our health, doctors say.
Wang Xiaoyu, a Senior 2 girl from Xichang, Sichuan Province, fainted (晕倒) in class when she heard her classmates quarrel at the top of their voices. Quarrels between her parents also put the girl into a coma. It is because she is suffering from depression (抑郁症), caused by bad relations at home, doctors explained.
“We don’t get sick or stay well by ourselves,” says Dr Robert Ferrer from the US. Ferrer shows that family forces may explain up to a quarter of health problems, in his recent research. The genes you get from your family may cause illness. If one of your parents has a heart attack, your risk of being affected may double. But effects on health are not only written in our DNA.
Unrelated people who live under the same roof also get similar problems. Diet, lifestyle and environment affect our health, too. Ferrer’s research also found that if teenagers feel they are ignored or unimportant at home they are more likely to get sick.
We may never fully understand all the effects that families have on our health. But just as individual (个别的) problems can have effects on others, a small improvement can have big benefits, Ferrer said.
1. Which of the following can best explain why Wang Xiaoyu fainted in class?
A. Because her classmates often quarreled in class.
B. Because her parents used to quarrel.
C. Because of her depression caused by bad family relations.
D. Because her classmates shouted loudly at her.
2. According to Dr Ferrer, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. We get sick or stay well by ourselves.
B. Only the genes we get from our family have a big effect on our health.
C. Our health has nothing to do with diet, lifestyle and environment.
D. Teenagers who are ignored at home get sick more easily than those who are not.
3. The underlined word “coma” in Paragraph2 probably means ________.
A. surprise B. faint C. tiredness D. sadness
4. The best title for this passage is ________.
A. Family relations. B. The reasons why we get sick.
C. Family---- another cause to health D. A research about health.
Last week my youngest son and I visited my father at his new home in Tucson, Arizona. He moved there a few years ago, and I was eager to see his now place and meet his friends.
My earliest memories of my father are of a tall, handsome, successful man devoted to his work and family but uncomfortable with his children. As a child I loved him; as a school girl and young adult(成年人)I feared(害怕) him and felt bitter about him He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight A’s and unhappy with my boy friends if their fathers were not as “successful” as he was. Whenever I went out with him on weekends, I used to struggle to think up things to say, feeling worried.
On the first day of my visit, we went out with one of my father’s friends for lunch at an outdoor cafe. We walked along that afternoon, did some shopping, ate on the street table, and laughed over my son’s funny facial expressions. Gone was my father’s critical(挑剔的)air and strict rules. Who was this person I knew as my father, who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around? What had held him back before?
The next day my dad pulled out his childhood pictures and told me quite a few stories about his own childhood. Although our times together became easier over the years, I never felt closer to him at that moment. After so many years, I’m at last seeing another side of my father. And in so doing, I’m delighted with my new friend. My dad in his new home in Arizona is back to me from where he was.
1. Why did the author feel bitter about her father as a young adult?
A. He was silent most of the time B. He was too proud of himself
C. He did not love his children D. He expected too much of her
2. When the author went out with her father on weekends, she would feel_______.
A. nervous B. sorry C. tired D. safe
3. What does the author think of her father after her visit to Tucson?
A. More critical B. More talkative C. Gentle and friendly D. Strict and hard-working
4. The underlined words “my new friend” in the last paragraph refer to ________.
A. the author’s son B. the author’s father C. the friend of the author’s father D. the cafe owner
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GONE WITH THE WIND Writer: Margaret Mitchell ￥25 (in bookstores) ￥18 (online) Gone With the Wind is a best-seller, which tells a story that happened in the American Civil War. Scarlett O’Hara is a woman in the story who is full of energy. She is strong and saves her family but is very selfish at the same time. |
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| A LITTLE PRINCESS Writer: Frances Hodgson Burnett ￥18.3 (online) Motherless Sara Crewe was sent home from India to school at Miss Minchin’s. Her father was very rich and she lived a rich and comfortable life. Then her father died and Sara lost everything. She had to learn to do with her changed life. Her strong character made her able to fight successfully against her poverty (贫穷) and the scorn (嘲笑) of her fellows. It’s an excellent book with 4 tapes for children. |
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PETER PAN Writer: J.M Barrie ￥15 (in bookstores) ￥12 (online) It is a children’s story full of imagination and adventures, which is about Wendy, John, and Michael Darling’s adventures in Never—Never Land with Peter Pan, the boy who would not grow up. The children are happy and lovely. (with 2 tapes) |
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| UNCLE TOM’S CABIN Writer: Harriet Beecher Stowe ￥20 (in bookstores) The most famous novel in American history, Uncle Tom’s Cabin talked about the struggle (斗争) between free states and slave states during the American Civil War and is as powerful today as when it first came out 150 years ago. |
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THE SECRET GARDEN Writer: Frances Hodgson Burnett ￥35 (in bookstores) ￥30 (online) Mary Lennox, a sickly orphan (孤儿), finds herself in her uncle’s dark house. Why are so many rooms locked? Why is one of the gardens locked? And what is that crying she hears at night? Through the power of hope, friendship, and the magic (魔法) of nature, the brave girl brings the house and a long-lost garden back to life. |
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1. All of the following books have children as their main characters (主角) except _________.
A. PETER PAN B. GONE WITH THE WIND
C. A LITTLE PRINCESS D. THE SECRET GARDEN
2. We can know from the passage that _________.
A. there are only three books with tapes
B. we can buy 5 kinds of the above books in bookstores
C. two of the above books are written by Frances Hodgson Burnett
D. THE SECRET GARDEN is ￥5 cheaper in bookstores than online
3. Mary brings the house and a long-lost garden back to life with the help of _________.
a. the power of hope b. friendship c. her uncle d. nature’s magic
A. abc B. acd C. bcd D. abd
4. Which of the following about the books is mentioned(提到) in this passage?
A. What Sara did to help her fellows.
B. Why Peter Pan wouldn’t grow up.
C. What kind of woman Scarlett is.
D. How Marry Lennox came into her uncle’s house.
第三部分阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Florence Nightingale was born in a rich family. When she was young she took lessons in music and drawing, and read great books. She also traveled a great deal with her mother and father.
As a child she felt that visiting sick people was both a duty and a pleasure. She enjoyed helping them. At last mind was made up. “I’m going to be a nurse,” she decided.
“Nursing isn’t the right work for a lady,” her father told her.
“Then I will make it so, “she smiled. And she went to learn nursing in Germany and France. When she returned to England, Florence started a nursing home for home. During the Crimean War in 1854 she went with a group of thirty eight nurses to the front hospitals. What they saw there was terrible. Dirt and death were everywhere to be seen — and smelled. The officer there did not want any woman to tell him how to run a hospital, either. But the brave nurse went to work . Florence used her own money and some from friends to buy clothes, beds, medicine and food for the men. Her only pay was in smiles from the lips of dying soldiers. But they were more than enough for this kind woman.
After she returned to England, she was honored for her services by Queen Victoria. But Florence said that her work had just begun. She raised money to build the Nightingale Home for Nurses in London. She also wrote a book on public health, which was printed in several countries.
Florence Nightingale died at the age of ninety, still trying to serve others through her work as a nurse. Indeed, it is because of her that we honor nurses today.
1．When she was a child, Florence ____.
A．loved to travel very much B．knew what her duty in life was
C．loved to help sick people D．was most interested in music and drawing
2．During the Crimean War in 1854, Florence served in the front hospital where ____.
A．she earned a little money B．work was very difficult
C．few soldiers died because of her work D．she didn’t have enough food or clothes
3．The passage can best be described as ____.
A．the life story of a famous woman B．a description of the nursing work
C．an example of successful education D．the history of nursing in England
Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge （大杂烩） of environmental claims made by household products, according to a “green labeling” study published by Consumers International Friday．
Among the report’s more outrageous （令人无法容忍的） findings, a German fertilizer described itself as “earthworm friendly”, a brand of flour said it was “non-polluting” and a British toilet paper claimed to be “environmentally friendlier”．
The study was written and researched by Britain’s National Consumer Council （NCC） for lobby group Consumer International．It was funded by the German and Dutch governments and the European Commission．
“While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy,” said Consumers International director Anna Fielder．
The 10-country study surveyed product packaging in Britain．Western Europe, Scandinavia and the United States．It found that products sold in Germany and the United Kingdom made the most environmental claims on average．
The report focused on claims made by specific products, such as detergent （洗涤剂）, insect sprays and by some garden products．It did not test the claims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization （ISO） in September, 1999．
Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too unclear or too misleading to meet ISO standards．
“Many products had specially-designed labels to make them seem environmentally friendly, but in fact many of these symbols mean nothing,”said report researcher Philip Page．
“Laundry detergents made the most number of claims with 158．Household cleaners were second with 145 separate claims, while paints were third on our list with 73．The high numbers show how confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading．” he said．
The ISO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly” and “non-polluting” cannot be tested．“What we are now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO．” said Page．
1．According to the passage, the NCC found it outrageous that ____．
A．all the products surveyed claim to meet ISO standards
B．the claims made by products are often unclear or misleading
C．consumers would believe many of the manufactures’claim
D．few products actually prove to be environmentally friendly
2．A study was carried out by Britain’s NCC to ____．
A．find out how many claims made by products fail to meet environmental standards
B．inform the consumers of the environmental impact of the products they buy
C．examine claims made by products against ISO standards
D．test the guidelines set by the International Standards Organization
3．What is one of the consequences caused by the many claims of household products?
A．They are likely to lead to serious environmental problems
B．Consumers find it difficult to tell the true from the false
C．They could arouse widespread anger among consumer
D．Consumers will tend to buy products they don’t need
4．It can be inferred from the passage that the lobby group Consumer International wants to ____．
A．make product labeling satisfy ISO requirements
B．see all household products meet environmental standards
C．warn consumers of the danger of so-called green products
D．prove the efforts of non-polluting products
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