When you watch TV programs about wild animals, it is surprising to see how an antelope (羚羊) can run away from a strong lion. In the wilderness, everyone has his own way to protect himself. Even plants have their own ways to fight off enemies.
Over millions of years, plants have developed their own defense system (防卫系统). Chemicals(化学物) are fantastically used by plants to survive . By making their leaves, flowers, roots and fruits poisonous (有毒的) to enemies, plants can fight back.
One such plant is the Golden Wattle tree. The British scientist David Cameron has found when an animal eats the tree's leaves, the amount (数量) of poison increases in the other leaves. "It's like the injured leaves telephoning the others to fight together against the enemy", he said.
The tree also sends defense messages to neighboring plants by giving out a special smell. Golden Wattle trees in the nearby 45 meters will get the message and produce more poison within 10 minutes. Now, if an enemy eats too many of the trees' leaves, he will die.
Every kind of plant or tree is good at producing a special set of chemicals. Herbivores, like rabbits, can safely eat the leaves of one tree, but they may be poisoned by its neighbor.
In this way, plants have not only developed their own defense system, but also shared it with others. This makes it impossible for a single animal to destroy even a small area of forest.From the first 2 paragraphs, we can learn that_______.
| A．plants can do nothing against their enemies |
| B．chemicals are quite useful for plants to survive |
| C．an antelope can always run away from a strong lion |
| D．leaves, roots, flowers and fruits of plants are poisonous |
The underlined word "herbivores" in the 5th paragraph probably means animals which_______.
| A．produce poison | B．live on small animals |
| C．like to eat rabbits | D．feed on plants or grass |
The last paragraph of the passage suggests that this kind of defense system is_______.
| A．bad for animals | B．good for forests |
| C．helpful to some animals | D．harmful to forests |
The passage is mainly about_____________________.
| A．the examples of protecting forests |
| B．the balance between animals and plants |
| C．the ways of plants fighting against enemies |
| D．the relationship between lions and antelopes |
 Once you open the book, you will become a good speaker. Susan Weinschenk’s excellent ideas on how to make a perfect speech are very helpful to you. With the help of the book, you will be confident to know how to give your speech. Also, you will learn how to attract your audience during the speech. |
 Car and Driver is the world’s most popular automotive magazine. The people who like cars can get information and entertainment from it. It offers the best vehicle tests in the business. The magazine also covers the latest developments in car technology. |
 There are four parts in IELTS: listening, speaking, reading and writing. Listening is very important. Are you confident? Have you made good preparation? The book IELTS Listening is helpful for your preparation for IELTS. |
 The book offers healthy and delicious food. These dishes can all be completed in less than half an hour, and in many cases, in just a few minutes. Sisson and Meier show you how to delight your family or guests every time with quick, delicious meals using local materials: meats, healthy fats (yes, and real butter) and common herbs and spices. |
| A．Susan Weinschenk | B．Sisson | C．Meier | D．Jack Smith |
| A．Designing Effective Speech Interfaces. | B．Car and Driver |
| C．IELTS Listening. | D．Quick & Easy Meals |
| A．newspaper | B．magazine | C．passage | D．article |
| A．Chinese food | B．fast food |
| C．common herbs and spices | D．healthy and delicious food |
| A．To cook the food well | B．To invite people to dinner |
| C．To make people happy | D．To show people how to cook. |
You’re on the school bus. But as soon as you turn the corner, you find yourself at the end of a very long queue. It’s another traffic jam! It is stop-start for the rest of your journey. Meanwhile, at the same time in Antarctica(南极洲), snow covers the land. A group of emperor penguins crowd together to keep warm, using stop-and-go movements to protect themselves from the winds. Can you see the connection?
Emperor penguins move like cars in traffic jams to keep warm, that’s according to new research by the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marina Research in Germany. A penguin only needs to move 2cm in any direction for its neighbor to do the same thing. These movements then flow(流动) through the whole group of penguins like a “traveling wave”.
These waves also help smaller crowds join bigger groups, keeping more and more of their friends warm. A single Antarctic “traffic jam” has thousands of penguins. Interestingly, the technology used for studying road traffic jams was used to study the penguins. This included studying time-lapse(延时) videos. Scientists also discovered that unlike on the road, these waves can be made by any penguin and in any direction.
With temperatures usually dropping below –50℃, and winds reaching speeds of up to 200km/h, these traveling waves are very important for penguins to keep warm.
These penguins can also teach us a lesson. In big groups, they learn to be orderly and patient, and to never crash into each other. These are skills we should all learn from them when we are on the road!
| A．keep warm | B．play games | C．learn from each other | D．cross the road |
| A．drivers can drive fast | B．drivers can drive carelessly |
| C．cars are not moving fast | D．cars will stop working |
| A．is caused by a traffic jam on the road |
| B．is caused by the strong wind in Antarctica |
| C．is formed by the movement of the penguins |
| D．is made by just one or two penguins |
| A．needs to move orderly | B．can move as fast as it likes |
| C．will not leave others behind | D．should move as slowly as it can |
| A．penguins won’t move together if it is not very cold |
| B．traffic jams happen probably because people are impatient |
| C．penguins learn their skills from human beings |
| D．penguins are likely to crash into each other in a group |
What is the hottest English word of 2013? It’s “selfie”, according to Oxford dictionaries. Selfie is a photo that one takes of oneself, according to the Oxford online dictionary. People usually take selfies with a smartphone(智能手机) and send them to a social media website.
The word was first used in 2002. In the past 12 months, its frequency (出现频率) in the English language has increased by 17,000 percent, said Oxford dictionaries. Now, almost everybody knows it.
“Almost every day, I take a photo of myself at school, and save it in my Qzone (QQ空间),” said Huang Xu, 13, from Hunan. These photos record her happy and sad moments.
Pop stars also take a lot of selfies. Li Chunping, 14, from Harbin, is a big fan of Yang Mi. “She has used many selfies to tell us what’s going on in her personal life,” said Li.
What makes people love selfies? Some people say it’s narcissism (自恋). “The rise of the selfie is a perfect symbol for our narcissistic culture. We’re crying out: Look at me!” said US psychiatrist(精神科医生) Carole Lieberman.
Young people are using selfies to make friends online, Jonathan Freedland wrote in The Guardian. “The usual purpose of taking a selfie is to share online. They express a human need to connect with others,” wrote Freedland.
Huang Xu agrees with that. “During summer vacation, my classmates and I shared many selfies online. Hair or clothes were not our interests. Through these photos, we got to know each other’s holidays and feelings,” said Huang Xu.
| A．a person with a smartphone |
| B．a smartphone which can take photos |
| C．a photo taken by oneself |
| D．an English dictionary |
| A．More than ten years ago | B．In 2013 |
| C．When smartphones appeared | D．Nobody knows |
| A．only famous people enjoy taking selfies |
| B．all people love selfies because of narcissism |
| C．people love to share selfies online |
| D．US psychiatrist Carole Lieberman hates selfies |
| A．Paragraph 4 | B．Paragraph 5 | C．Paragraph 6 | D．Paragraph 7 |
| A．Selfies and narcissism | B．Selfies and sharing |
| C．Selfies and smartphones | D．Selfies, the hottest word in 2013 |
When the man’s wife died, their youngest baby was 2 years old. They had six other children — three boys and three girls, aged from 4 to 16. The man’s parents and his wife’s parents came to visit.
“We’ve been talking about how to make this work,” they said. “There’s no way you can take care of all these children and work to make a living. So, we’ve decided to place each child with a different uncle and aunt.” The man refused.
Over the next few weeks, he moved the family to a tiny town and opened a small business. His business developed quickly. He was happy to see people and serve them. He became popular with people for his pleasant personality and excellent customer (顾客) service. People came from far away to do business with him. And the children helped both at home and at work.
The children grew up and got married. Five of the seven went off to college. The children’s success was a source (来源) of pride to the father.
Then came grandchildren. No one enjoyed grandchildren more than this man. As they became toddlers (学走路的孩子), he invited them to his workplace and his small home. They brought each other great joy.
Finally, the youngest daughter, who was 2 years old when the mother died, got married. With his life’s work done, the father died.
This man’s work had been the lonely but joyful task of raising his family. This man was my father. I was the 16-year-old, the oldest of seven.
| A．eight | B．seven | C．six | D．five |
| A．suggest placing each child with a different aunt and uncle |
| B．talk about finding a new wife for him |
| C．give him money to support the family |
| D．help take good care of his children |
| A．Nearly half of the man’s children went to college. |
| B．The man wanted to give his children to their uncle. |
| C．The man moved his family and opened a business. |
| D．The man thought life was hopeless after his wife died. |
| A．before his youngest daughter got married. |
| B．after his youngest daughter got married. |
| C．before his children went off to college |
| D．after his children went off to college |
| A．why the father didn’t give up his family |
| B．how the children succeeded after their mother died |
| C．why the father was lonely |
| D．how the father raised his large family |
How do you study each year? You may answer it in one second: have classes at school, take notes and do homework. Feeling a little bored? Yes? So how do we make learning interesting? There’s a new way of learning called digital (数字的) learning. It helps students learn by using the Internet.
There are three important kinds of digital learning. Apps are computer software applications (应用软件). People can download (下载) them on their mobile devices. The other two kinds are social networking services, including weibo and WeChat (微信) and website. Every one of them is like your teacher. They help you master (掌握) what you learn at school.
Compared with regular learning ways, digital learning has its advantages. Digital learning is also diverse (多样的). It covers almost every school subject. More importantly, it’s always updating. It offers students the newest resources (资源) to learn from.
Digital learning is also personalized (个性化的). You can choose what you like to learn. If you don’t master what you have learned at school, you can learn again through digital ways.
________, digital learning also has disadvantages. When you use digital ways to learn, you have little interaction (相互交流) with teachers and classmates. As digital learning uses computers or smart phones, watching the screen too long may be bad for your eyes. It is better to take a rest every 20 minutes.
【1】判断正误（“T”表示正确，“F”表示错误）；【2】为文中的横线处，填写一个恰当的词；【3】就文中划线句子，以特殊疑问句的形式提出一个问题；【4】找出并写下全文的主题句；【5】将文中斜体句子译成汉语。Digital learning has both advantages and disadvantages. 【 】
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