WHEN John Gurdon was 15, he ranked last out of the 250 boys in his grade at biology. He also came in last for every other science subject. His teacher wrote in a : “I believe he has ideas about becoming a ; on his present showing this is quite foolish.”
Luckily, the teacher’s words didn’t Gurdon’s love for science. He kept working hard. He went to lab earlier and left than anyone else.
On Oct 8, 2012, 64 years later, the British professor the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. Japanese scientist Shinya Yamanaka had contributed to the research and therefore the award.
Gurdon got the honor his research into cells and cloning. When he was studying at Oxford, he did some on cells. He took a cell from an adult frog, moved its , and put them into an egg cell. The egg cell then into a clone of the adult frog. His research for the first time that every cell in the body contains the same genes.
At that time, many people accept Gurdon’s idea. But later it helped to Dolly the sheep in 1996, the first cloned mammal in history. It also led to important findings in the use of cells. For example, from someone’s skin can turn into any type of tissue in the body. This is good news for those who have diseased or damaged tissue.
Gurdon always remembers the he had when he was 15. He even put the report on his desk as a daily to himself.
“When you have , like an experiment doesn’t work, it’s nice to remind yourself that perhaps you are not so good at your job and the teacher may be ,” he said.
However, the facts suggest Gurdon is pretty good indeed.
A．report B．letter C．passage D．program
A．musician B．scientist C．manager D．millionaire
A．stop B．mean C．inspire D．reflect
A．sooner B．later C．more hurriedly D．more happily
A．won B．founded C．dreamed of D．applied for
A．accepted B．refused C．Collected D．shared
A．instead of B．in spite of C．because of D．in place of
A．reading B．writing C．change D．research
A．baby B．power C．genes D．features
A．cut B．grew C．went D．formed
A．predicted B．studied C．proved D．provided
A．couldn’t B．shouldn’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t
A．save B．drive C．feed D．create
A．everyday B．medical C．physical D．illegal
A．cells B．hairs C．water D．blood
A．fools B．scientists C．patients D．doctors
A．friend B．teacher C．classmate D．neighbor
A．rule B．paper C．reminder D．reward
A．prizes B．diseases C．meals D．problems
A．right B．wrong C．happy D．welcome
Farming is moving indoors, where the sun never shines, where rainfall is irrelevant and where the climate is always right. The perfect crop field could be inside a windowless building with controlled light, temperature, wetness, air quality and nutrition. It could be in a New York high-rise or a complex in the Saudi desert.
The world already is having trouble feeding itself. Half the people on Earth live in cities, and nearly half of those-about 3 billion-are hungry or illfed. Food prices, currently increasing, are buffeted by dryness, floods and the cost of energy required to plant, harvest and transport it. And prices will only get more unstable.
Climate change makes long-term crop planning uncertain. Farmers in many parts of the world already are using water available to the last drop. And the world is getting more crowded: by midcentury, the global population will grow from 6.8 billion to 9 billion.
To feed so many people may require expanding farmland at the expense of forests and wilderness, or finding ways to completely increase crop output.
Gertjan Meeuws has taken the concept of a greenhouse a step further, growing vegetables and house plants in enclosed (封闭的)and regulated environments. In their research station, water flows into the pans
when needed, and the temperature is kept constant. Lights go on and off, creating similar day and night, but according to the rhythm of the plant.
A building of 100 square meters and 14 layers(层)of plants could provide a daily diet of 200 grams of
fresh fruit and vegetables to the entire population of Den Bosch, about 140,000 people. Their idea isn't to grow foods that require much space, like corn or potatoes.
Here sunlight is not only unnecessary but can be harmful. Plants need only specific wavelengths of light to grow. Their growth rate is three times faster than under greenhouse conditions. They use about 90
percent less water than outdoors agriculture. And city farming means producing food near the consumer, and there's no need to transport it long distances.
【选项】
A．The climate is worse and worse. B．The city people live a hard life. C．The world has difficulty feeding its people. D．The world's population is increasing fast.
A．The temperature is often changed. B．Sunshine is in great need for plants. C．Day and night depends on plants. D．Air quality is controlled by plants.
A．helps save sea water a lot B．is highly adaptable C．resembles greenhouse agriculture D．suits the production of corn
A．Development of indoor farming． B．Great Revolution in farming． C．Advantages of indoor farming． D．Sunless, rainless indoor farming．
Zhu Hengjun, a 52-year-old ginger(姜) grower, feels very depressed. Although he’s ______ with the decrease in his earnings compared with last year, he feels fortunate that he has _______ a contract with a processing company that ______ a competitive price. ______ he not done this, Zhu might have been ______ serious losses, in common with many other growers this year.
“I heard that a lot of growers have ______ losses this year. To be honest, I feel lucky because ______ I didn’t lose money,” said Zhu, from Zhangli Village in the city of Laiwu in East China’s Shandong Province.
Currently,70 percent of the area ______ with ginger in Laiwu is jointly developed by farmers and enterprise,______ the deputy head of this district.
Zhu ______ 6,000 kilograms(kg) of ginger produced on his 1,330 square meters of farmland to a local company ______ a price of 1.4 yuan (22 cents) a kg in mid-October. In doing so, he didn’t earn much money but ______ manage to balance his costs of around 8,000 yuan.
In recent years, Chinese farmers have often suffered from the severe price turbulence(动荡) that has ______ crops such as ginger, garlic and mung beans. The uncertainties have ______ them to seek new ways to avoid losses ______ by price fluctuations.
The price of ginger has ______ rapidly in recent years, prompting an increasing number of farmers to grow the crop. ______, in late October it fell by more than 70 percent, ______ with the same period in 2010.
In Laiwu, a major production base for ginger, farmers have ______ to form a targeted sales relationship with the processing companies as insurance against the ______ of fluctuating(波动的) prices.
A．pleased B．anxious C．worried D．disappointed
A．signed B．sighed C．resigned D．designed
A．supplies B．provides C．offers D．extends
A．Has B．If C．Had D．Did
A．faced B．facing C．undergone D．experienced
A．endured B．bore C．suffered D．experienced
A．at most B．as well C．at least D．in fact
A．planted B．grew C．planting D．growing
A．as for B．as to C．according to D．in spite of
A．purchased B．sold C．bought D．shopped
A．in B．for C．with D．at
A．doesn’t B．did C．has D．had
A．effected B．affected C．been influenced D．infected
A．argued B．made C．urged D．forced
A．causing B．producing C．caused D．taken
A．raised B．risen C．arisen D．decreased
A．However B．Still C．Otherwise D．Whereas
A．to compare B．compared C．comparing D．was compared
A．expected B．sought C．refused D．attempted
A．benefit B．harm C．danger D．risk
A LESSON FROM A FROG TALE
A group of frogs were jumping through the woods when two of them fell into a deep hole. All of the other frogs______ around the hole to see what could be done to help their ______. When they saw how deep the hole was, the rest of the group ______ that it was hopeless and told the two frogs in the hole that they should prepare themselves for their fate（命运）, because they were as good as ______.
Unwilling to accept this terrible fate, the two frogs began to jump with all their ______. Some of the frogs shouted into the hole that it was ______, and that the two frogs wouldn’t be in that ______ if they had been more careful.
The other frogs continued ______ shouting that they two should save their ______ and give up, since they were already as good as dead. The two frogs ______ jumping as hard as they could, and after several hours of hopeless ______ they were quite tired.
Finally, one of the two frogs followed the calls of his fellows. Disheartened, he lay down at the ______ of the hole, and died as the others looked on in helpless sorrow. The other frog continued to jump with every bit of energy he had, ______ he was completely worn out.
His companions began a new shouting to him to accept his fate, stop the pain and ______ die. The frog jumped harder and harder and, wonder of wonders, finally jumped so ______ that he sprang from the hole. ______ , the other frogs celebrated his unbelievable freedom and then gathering around him and asked, “Why did you continue jumping when we told you it was impossible?” ______ their lips, the astonished frog explained to them that he was deaf, and that when he saw their gestures and shouting, he thought they were ______ him on. What he had got as ______ inspired him to try harder and finally succeeded.
This simple story contains a powerful lesson. Your encouraging words can ______ someone up and help him or her make it through the day.
A．jumped B．hung C．rushed D．gathered
A．relatives B．companions C．neighbors D．families
A．agreed B．added C．quarreled D．doubted
A．alive B．dead C．awake D．calm
A．mind B．skill C．strength D．courage
A．harmless B．endless C．careless D．hopeless
A．action B．situation C．direction D．competition
A．sorrowfully B．painfully C．carefully D．helpfully
A．time B．resource C．energy D．supply
A．stopped B．continued C．avoided D．started
A．climb B．wait C．fight D．effort
A．top B．edge C．bottom D．side
A．while B．however C．therefore D．although
A．worn B．tired C．cried D．torn
A．great B．well C．far D．high
A．Please B．Satisfied C．Amazed D．Amused
A．Looking B．Reading C．Seeing D．Checking
A．cheering B．praising C．persuading D．supporting
A．treatment B．entertainment C．achievement D．encouragement
A．hold B．lift C．bring D．build
Sheri Straily never knew how far life’s highway could take her ______ her dream for her children helped her find out...
Growing up, Sheri ____ thought for a moment that she’d ______ it to college. Instead, she took a job driving a tractor trailer. ______ years passed, Sheri fell in love，married and had three children. ______ she wanted to be close to home，she ______ to a desk job at the trucking company.
But one day after work, while Sheri was ______ her kids playing, she began to think, “I want them to achieve so much，but how can I afford to give them the ______ they’ll need, like college?”
Then it came to her：she was the one who needed ______ first.
“______ for it，”her husband encouraged her. So Sheri enrolled at the University of Denver’s Women’s College, ______ let her take all of her classes on weekends，so she ______ still work.
Though Sheri loved her ______, she missed home. Sheri would stay at home on weekends. ______ make the two-hour trip to school. “I wish I were home with Steve and the ______,”she’d think. But Eric，eight，Ryan，seven，and Kristin, five, ______ their mom all the way.“______ do your best,” they said.
Sheri did，getting straight A’s as she entered a ______ in business administration. Now she is attending the University of Denver Law School on a merit scholarship.
“It hasn’t been ______,”wrote Sheri, “but it’s ______ for me and my family.”
A．after B．before C．until D．once
A．never B．just C．ever D．even
A．hit B．make C．admit D．have
A．Since B．With C．While D．As
A．Because B．For C．Therefore D．Thus
A．asked B．returned C．switched D．sought
A．finding B．noticing C．seeing D．watching
A．opportunities B．money C．jobs D．career
A．school B．college C．help D．assistance
A．Go B．Search C．Get D．Come
A．that B．where C．which D．as
A．could B．must C．should D．may
A．teachers B．studies C．classmates D．job
A．rather than B．other than C．as well as D．less than
A．kids B．relatives C．husband D．parents
A．opposed B．backed C．agreed D．liked
A．Rarely B．Just C．Still D．Never
A．degree B．work C．job D．interview
A．difficult B．unusual C．ordinary D．easy
A．rewarding B．interesting C．moving D．demanding
It was one of the happiest times of my life. I was 29 and had just received my bachelor’s degree, graduating with honors ______ working two jobs and being a wife and mother. My ______ and five-year-old son were in the audience when I walked onto the stage at Ashland University to get my diploma. I was so excited and ______ to be starting a teaching career and contributing more to my family’s well-being.
But when I got back home that evening, there was a ______ from my husband. It basically said he’d come to get his clothes and wouldn’t be ______. We’d been having trouble, but the finality of that note still came as a shock. He had ______ our bank account. We were horribly in debt. I had ______ my previous jobs in expectation of interviewing for a teaching position. ______, I was eight months pregnant.
Most young women have an______ picture of the happy-go-lucky life they’re going to live. But no one ever sits you down and says that’s not ______ and sometimes life is just extremely ugly. It all caved in for me that night. I was embarrassed, scared, and angry and felt I had ______ .
But I had my son, and I was about to bring a new life into the world, so despite my deep______ , I had to go on. The next morning, I woke up, put my feet on the floor, took a deep breath, prepared breakfast, and basically did ______ I always did. I used my ______ to keep me moving. After being in the military for six years, I guess you can say I fell back on my training, like all good ______ do in tough situations.
And in the past seven years, I’ve continued moving ______. I got a job as a kindergarten teacher, earned a master’s degree in education, and ______ my babies grow to twelve and seven. I certainly would never have chosen to ______ them through this, but in review, I’m glad it happened to me when it did. It helped me to ______ my voice and myself a lot sooner. It helped me ______ independent, and confident — things I’m hopefully implanting(灌输) now in my children.
A．through B．for C．by D．despite
A．parents B．daughter C．husband D．family
A．pleasant B．proud C．surprised D．worried
A．letter B．message C．note D．mail
A．out B．off C．back D．away
A．emptied B．stolen C．opened D．erased
A．obtained B．quitted C．offered D．found
A．Thus B．Therefore C．Nevertheless D．Moreover
A．impressive B．ideal C．exciting D．intelligent
A．reality B．practice C．possibility D．fact
A．died B．declined C．failed D．finished
A．sympathy B．feeling C．love D．sadness
A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything
A．routine B．rule C．mind D．story
A．workers B．soldiers C．teachers D．mothers
A．backward B．downward C．forward D．outward
A．saw B．watched C．noticed D．found
A．look B．let C．break D．put
A．find B．lose C．lower D．raise
A．stay B．grow C．remain D．keep
粤公网安备 44130202000953号