Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care. If we are to solve the nursing shortage. hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example .
At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state. Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient's illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.
The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization. keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment. it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.
Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized (分散的) nursing administration; every unit is a self-contained organization. There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.
Beth Israel's nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She is also a member of the Medical Executive Committee. which in most hospitals includes only doctors.Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of the nursing system at Beth Israel Hospital?
| A．The doctor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse. |
| B．Each patient is taken care of by a primary nurse day and night. |
| C．The primary nurse writes care plans for every patient. |
| D．The primary nurse keeps records of the patient's health conditions every day. |
It can be inferred from the passage that_____.
| A．compared with other hospitals, nurses at Beth Israel Hospital are more patient |
| B．in most hospitals, patient care is inadequate from the professional point of view |
| C．in most hospital, nurses get low salaries |
| D．compared with other hospitals, nurses have to work longer hours at Beth Israel Hospital |
A primary nurse can propose a different approach of treatment when
| A．the present one is refused by the patient |
| B．the patient complains about the present one |
| C．the present one proves to be ineffective |
| D．the patient is found unwilling to cooperate |
The main difference between a nurse-manager and a head nurse is that the former
| A．is a member of the Medical Executive Committee of the hospital |
| B．has to arrange the work shifts of the unit's nurses |
| C．can make decisions concerning the medical treatment of a patient |
| D．has full responsibility in the administration of the unit's nurses |
The author's attitude towards the nurse system at Beth Israel Hospital is___
| A．negative | B．neutral | C．critical | D．positive |
As late as 1800, women's only place was in the home. The idea of women in the business world was unthinkable. Men were certain that no woman could do a good job outside her home. This was such a widely accepted idea that when the well-known Bronte sisters began writing books in 1864, they had to sign their books with men's names instead.
Teaching was the first profession(职业)open to women soon after 1800. But even that was not an easy profession for women to enter because most schools and colleges were open only to men. Oberlin College in Ohio was the first college in America to accept women.
Hospital nursing became respectable work for women only after Nightingale became famous. Seeing that she was not only a nurse but also a rich and well-educated woman, people began to believe it was possible for women to nurse the sick and still be “ladies”. Miss Nightingale opened England's first training school for nurses in 1860.
The invention of the typewriter(打字机)in 1867 helped to bring women out of the home and into the business world. By 1900. thousands of women were working at real jobs in schools, hospitals, and offices in both England and America. Some women even managed to become doctors or lawyers. The idea that women could work in the business world had been accepted.
63. Why couldn't women become teachers easily? Because_______.
A. the first profession open to them was writing
B. most schools and colleges were open only to men
C. they wanted to be nurses instead D. they had to work in the business world
64. The article is mainly about_______.
A. women in the business world B. the famous Bronte sisters
C. schools and colleges in America D. rights for American women
65. Which fact does the article lead you to believe?
A. The Bronte sisters thought that they were men.
B. England's first training school for nurses was in Ohio.
C. There are more men than women in professional job.
D. Women find it necessary to work harder than before.
66. Which of the following is TRUE.
A. The typewriter was made in the 1970's.
B. Most Englanders are doctors or lawyers.
C. People's ideas about women's work have changed.
D. The 18th century saw a changing world for women.
Napoleon agreed to plans for a tunnel (隧道) under the English Channel in 1802. The British began digging one in 1880. Neither tunnel was completed. Europe has had to wait until the end of the 20th century for the Channel Tunnel. After nearly two centuries of dreaming, the island of Great Britain is connected to Continental Europe for the first time since the Ice Age, when the two land masses moved apart.
On May 6, 1994, Britain's Queen Elizabeth II and France's President Mitterrand carried out the official opening. The Queen was accompanied (陪同) on her train journey through the historic tunnel by one of her Rolls-Royce cars which was placed on the train. The following day saw celebrations taking place in Folkestone and Calais. Regular public services did not start until the latter part of 1994.
59. Queen Elizabeth II________ at the opening.
A. took her car Rolls-Royce through the tunnel
B. took her car which was placed on her train through the tunnel
C. took her train through the tunnel
D. took Mitterrand's train through the tunnel
60. The island of Great Britain is ________.
A. connected to France all the time B. separated from France with a tunnel
C. separated from France all the time D. joined to France with the tunnel
61. Which of the following is right?
A. Napoleon made plans for the tunnel.
B. The public could pass through the tunnel by train after May 6, 1994.
C. The tunnel was built for two centuries.
D. The tunnel will do great good to Britain and France.
62. Before 1994, one could go to Britain from France ________.
A. only by ship B. by ship or plane C. by car or train D. by ship, car or train
第三部分: 阅读理解 (共两节，满分40分)
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
In the United States, it is not usual to telephone someone early in the morning. If you telephone early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. So it is with the telephone calls made after 11:00 pm. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he may think that it’s a matter of life and death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance.
In social life, time plays a very important part. In the USA guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation
to a dinner party reaches them only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time is not the same in different cultures that treat time differently; being on time is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not on time, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the USA no one would think of keeping a business friend for an hour; it would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late is expected to make a shout apology. If he is less than 5 minutes late, he will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.
56. A call at midnight would mean_________.
A. the matter is less important B. the matter is too difficult to handle
C. the matter requires immediate attention D. it is a matter of life and death
57. According to the passage, time plays a very important part in_______.
A. everyday life B. private life C. getting along with others D. business
58. In the passage, the author suggests that invitation cards should be sent________.
A. three or four days before the party date in all cultures
B. three or four days before the party date in some cultures
C. three or four days before the party date in the USA
D. at your chosen time
Car companies are developing vehicles that will plug into electric sockets，just like many laptops，digital cameras，cell phones and Mp4 do．Called“plug-in vehicles”，these cars will get most of their power from electricity. Their drivers won't have to stop at gas stations as often as usual．
The technology is more than just cool. In our car-filled world，plug-in vehicles could reduce the amount of gas we use，which keeps rising in cost now and then. Besides，driving around in these vehicles may even help the environment．Gas-burning cars produce a lot of greenhouse gas，which causes globe warming.
The first company-produced plug-in vehicles could hit the roads by 2010. But engineers still have a lot of work to do to make the technology practical and inexpensive．
Ba
tteries(电池) are the biggest challenge. In the plug-in-vehicle world，Li-ion(锂离子)batteries are getting the most attention．These batteries can store a large amount of energy in a small package，and they last a longer time between charges．Li-ion batteries can fit laptops，cell pho
nes，heart instruments and other similar pocket ones.
But because cars are so big and heavy, it would still require a suitcase-sized Li-ion batteries to power about 12km of driving．What's more，the batteries are much expensive．
“A car filled with batteries could go a long distance，”says Ted Bohn, an electrical engineer in Chicago．“But it couldn't pull any people．and it would cost $100,000．”
So researchers need to work out how to make batteries smaller and cheaper，among other questions.
“The answers don't exist yet，”Bohn says，“As a kid，I thought someone someplace knows the answer to everything．All of these questions haven't been decided．That's what engineering is about-making a guess，running tests and getting fine results．”
72．The passage mainly talks about of a new car
A．the developing B．the speed C．the appearance D．the batteries
72．Which is true according to the passage?
A．The“plug-in vehicles”will use electricity completely as driving power．
B．The new technology will help protect our environment．
C．The technology of using electricity as driving is quite practical now．
D．The biggest challenge of the new technology is that it will cost us more energy．
74．How does Bohn feel about the future of the technology according to the last paragraph?
A．Confident B．Puzzled． C．Worried． D．Disappointed．
75．According to the passage，the new technology is facing the following problems except that ．
A．the new technology cannot come into use at present
B．the cost of the new technology is quite high
C．the government won't support the technology
D． the size of the batteries is too big at present
Deserts are found where there is little rainfall or where rain for a whole year falls in only a few weeks' time. Ten inches of rain may be enough for many plants to survive if the rain is spread throughout the year, If it falls, within one or two months and the rest of the year is dry, those plants may die and a dese
rt may form.
Sand begins as tiny pieces of rock that get smaller and smaller as wind and weather wear them down. Sand dunes (沙丘) are formed as winds move the sand across the desert. Bit by bit, the dunes grow over the years, always moving with the winds and changing the shape. Most of them are only a few feet tall, but they can grow to be several hundred feet high.
There is, however, much more to a desert than sand. In the deserts of the southwestern United States, cliffs (悬崖) and deep valleys were formed from thick mud that once lay beneath a sea more than millions of years ago. Over the centuries, the water dried up. Wind, sand, rain, heat and cold all wore away at the remaining rocks. The faces of the desert mountains are always changing –-very, very slowly ---as these forces of nature continue to work on the rock.
Most deserts have a surprising variety of life. There are plants, animals and insects that :have adapted to life in the desert. During the heat of the day' a visitor may see very few signs of living things, but as the air begins to cool in the evening, the desert comes to life. As the sun begins to rise again in the sky, the desert once again becomes quiet and lonely.
68. Many plants may survive in deserts when__________________.
A. the rain is spread out in a year B. the rain falls only in a few weeks
C. there is little rain in a year D. it is dry all the year round
69. Sand dunes are formed when___________________.
A. sand piles up gradually B. there is plenty of rain in a year
C. the s
ea has dried up over the years D. pieces of rock get smaller
70. The underlined sentence in the third paragraph probably means that in a desert there is____________.
A. too much sand B. more sand than before
C. nothing except sand D. something else besides sand
71. It can be learned from the text that in a desert____________.
A. there is no rainfall throughout the year B. life exists in rough conditions
C. all sand dunes are a few feet high D. rocks are worn away only by wind and heat
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