Cutting global warming pollution would not only make the planet healthier, it would make people healthier too, new research suggested.
Cutting carbon dioxide emissions could save millions of lives, mostly by reducing preventable deaths from heart and lung diseases, according to studies released Wednesday and published in a special issue of The Lancet, a British medical journal.
"Relying on fossil fuels leads to unhealthy lifestyles, increasing our chances of getting sick and in some cases takes years from our lives," US Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius said in a telecast briefing from her home state of Kansas. "As greenhouse gas emissions go down, so do deaths from cardiovascular（心血管） and respiratory（呼吸道） diseases. This is not a small effect."
Instead of looking at the health ills caused by future global warming, as past studies have done, this research looks at the immediate benefits of doing something about the problem, said Linda Birnbaum, director of the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
Some possible benefits seemed highly speculative, the researchers conceded, based on people driving less and walking and cycling more. Other proposals studied were more concrete and achievable, such as reducing cook stoves that burn dung（粪便）, charcoal and other polluting fuels in the developing world.
And cutting carbon dioxide emissions also makes the air cleaner, reducing lung damage for millions of people, doctors said.
"Here are ways you can attack major health problems at the same time as dealing with climate change," said lead author Dr. Paul Wilkinson, an environmental epidemiologist at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
Wilkinson said the individual studies came up with numbers of premature deaths prevented or extra years of life added for certain places.
For example, switching to low-polluting cars in London and Delhi, India, would save 160 lost years of life in London and nearly 1,700 in Delhi for every million residents, one study found. But if people also drove less and walked or biked more, those extra saved years would soar to more than 7,300 years in London and 12,500 years in Delhi because of less heart disease.What does the passage mainly talk about? _______.
| A．How can people live longer? |
| B．Cutting carbon dioxide emissions saves lives. |
| C．Global warming threatens people’s lives. |
| D．People should stop relying on fossil fuels. |
The new research differs from past studies in that _______.
| A．it focuses on the immediate benefits of cutting carbon dioxide emissions |
| B．it studies the bad effects arising from future global warming |
| C．it is believed by more people |
| D．it mainly targets at developing countries |
According to Kathleen Sebelius, _______.
| A．sometimes it takes years to see the bad effects caused by consuming fossil fuels |
| B．without greenhouse gas emissions, people would not die of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases |
| C．the main reason why people get sick is that they rely on fossil fuels |
| D．deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases are closely related to greenhouse gas emissions |
Which of the following is the most practical way to cut carbon dioxide emissions according to the passage? _________.
| A．Driving less |
| B．Walking and cycling as much as possible. |
| C．Stopping using fossil fuels |
| D．Reducing the use of polluting fuels to cook. |
It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
| A．London and Delhi have already benefited from reducing greenhouse gas emissions |
| B．switching to low-polluting cars would save 160 lives in London each year |
| C．walking and biking instead of driving will reduce the chance of heart disease |
| D．attacking health problems and dealing with climate change are contradictory |
The World Trade Organization (WTO), founded on January 1, 1995, aims to encourage international trade to flow as possible, making sure that trade agreements are respected and that any disputes can be settled.
In the five years since its founding, the WTO has become well known as one of the world’s most powerful economic organizations, taking its place alongside the World Bank and International Money Fund.
The system of global rules for international trade, however, dates back half a century to 1948 when the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade was formed after World War II.
As time went by, it became clear that the GATT had two major drawbacks-the limited areas of trade it covered, and the lack of an effective system to settle disputes.
After seven years of trade talks ending in 1994, the so-called Uruguay Round finally give birth to the WTO, complete with an effective system to settle disputes and new rules covering trade in services and intellectual property.
Even after seven years of talks and 22, 500 pages of agreements, there were still problems, especially the difficulty to deal with areas of agriculture and services, which the member nations agreed to revise in 2000. The WTO, with its head office in Geneva, has 135 members with 30 more waiting to join. From the passage we know that the GATT stopped working ________.
| A．soon after World War II ended |
| B．a little more than 50 years after World War II |
| C．just in the year 1994 |
| D．seven years before the Uruguay Round talk |
Compared with the GATT, the WTO _______.
| A．didn’t pay enough attention to services and intellectual property |
| B．got its members to sign the agreements more easily |
| C．has got to many areas of international trade to deal with to work effectively |
| D．can do better to settle disputes in more areas of international trade |
In the new century the WTO will ________.
| A．take the place of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund |
| B．have more members and settle more problems |
| C．make complete new rules in every area of international trade |
| D．have new rules covering trade in services and intellectual property |
D
As they migrate（迁移），butterflies and moths choose the winds they want to fly with，and they change their body positions if they start floating in the wrong direction．This new finding suggests that insects may employ some of the same methods that birds use for traveling long distances．Scientists have long thought that insects were simply at the mercy of the wind．
Fascinating as their skills of flight are，migrating behavior has been difficult to study in insects because many long distant trips happthousands of feet above ground．Only recently have scientists developed technologies that can detect such little creatures at such great heights．
To their surprise，though，the insects weren’t passive travelers on the winds．In autumn，for example，most light winds blew from the east，but the insects somehow sought out ones that carried them south and they positioned themselves to navigate directly to their wintering homes．
Even in the spring，when most winds flowed northward，the insects didn’t always go with the flow．If breezes weren’t blowing in the exact direction they wanted to go，the insects changed their body positions to compensate．Many migrating birds do the same thing．
The study also found，butterflies and moths actively flew within the air streams that pushed them along．By adding flight speeds to wind speeds，the scientists calculated that butterflies and moths can travel as fast as 100 kilometers an hour．The findings may have real-world applications．With climate warming，migrating insects are growing in number．Knowing how and when these pests move could help when farmers decide when to spray their crops．
71．What’s the main idea of the text?
A．Insects migrate with the seasons． B．Wind helps insects greatly in migrating．
C．Windsurfing insects have real direction．D．Scientists have trouble in observing insects．
72．Scientists originally thought that____________．
A．insects always waited for their favourable winds
B．insects chose the winds they wanted to ride
C．insects were just blown about by the wind
D．insects positioned themselves in the winds
73．It is not easy to stuay the migrating behavior of the insects because____________
A．the little creatures can fly very fast B．they have no regular migrating courses
C．the wind’s direction is hard to foresee D．their flight is long and high above ground
74．We can learn from the text that______________.
A．insects fly in the way birds do
B．insects travel more easily in autumn
C．insects never position themselves when flying low
D．insects rest a lot when the wind pushes them along
75．According to the passage，the findings can ．
A．increase insects in number B．instruct farmers when to spray
C．prevent climate warming D．help protect insects
C
Michelle Obama has just started a campaign against childhood obesity（肥胖）with the admission that she put her girls Malia and Sasha on a diet because they were getting fat．Clearly，childhood obesity must be solved urgently．But is it a good idea for mothers to put their daughters on diets?
Studies
show that the more children diet，the more likely they are to become obese as adults．
Research also shows that gifts are highly influenced by their mothers when it comes to eating habits and body image．
This was the case for Carly，40，who blames her mother for her lifelong struggle with weight．“My mother was on a diet the whole time I was growing up，”she says．“And she put me on my first diet when I was 10．I lost puppy fat，gained her approval and never ate normally again.”
America’s First Lady clearly has a vital healthy eating message to convey．But could this be damaging for Malia and Sasha? Could they develop eating disorders because of it?
“It’s wrong just to blame mothers for their daughters’eating disorders，”says Susan Ringwood，chief executive of the eating disorders charity，Beat．“There is a genetic（基因的）component to eating disorders．However，“We do know that parents have a very strong influence over a child’s eating．It's important to realize that you are your daughter’s role model．Girls idolize their mothers．”says Ringwood．
“No food should ever be‘good’ or‘bad’，” Ringwood says．Instead，“You have to make it clear that food is a sociable，healthy and fun part of life，not something to be feared．”
“Talk to her about body image，”Ringwood says．“Talk about how curves are an important and exciting part of being a woman．Show her that anorexic（厌食的）fashion models are not sexy，but ill．The pressure on girls today is immense，”she says．“But don’t forget that you are the authoritative voice，too．”
66．Michelle Obama has started a campaign to_________．
A．solve childhood obesity across the country B．attract the attention of the world
C．show her first lady identity D．please the public
67．The author mentions Carly in Paragraph 3 to show that___________．
A．mothers have a great influence on girls’ eating habits
B．the more you diet，the more weight you will put on
C．mothers are to blame for the unbalanced diet
D．side effects of dieting are hard to avoid
68．According to Ringwood，_____________．
A．food is considered something fearful
B．food can be recognized as“good”or“bad”
C．only slim mothers are role models of their daughters
D．eating disorder has something to do with genetic component
69．The passage tells us that_____________．
A．mothers’ lead is of great importance
B．daughters are victims of mothers’authority
C．dieting teenagers can't turn into obese adults
D．experts have arguements about eating disorder
70．It can be concluded that_______________.
A．eating disorder always goes hand in hand with being slim
B．girls are more concerned about body shapes than boys
C．daughters tend to have a lifelong struggle with weight
D．the author is against children’s dieting
B
Internet dating has become one of the biggest and most successful business ventures on the Internet．Basically，Internet dating is a way to meet people for either friendship or dating without actually having to meet them in person first.
The first thing to do if you decide to try Internet dating is to build your profile（简介）which can include your hobbies，hopes for the future，and so on．A photograph is optional，but many sites claim that a photograph increases the number of people who look at your profile. Many Internet dating sites will charge a one-time registration fee to use their services.
Internet dating makes it possible to meet people from all over the world. You call even narrow the search down to your area by zip code．Another advantage is that you can communicate by email before you meet in person．Thousands of people have met，fallen in love，and married through Intemet dating．It is an excellent way for shy people to meet．It is also a way for people with busy lives to connect with others，and an easy way to meet people who share your interests．
Just as in conventional dating and love，there are some pitfalls to be aware of in Interact daring．The person you have been talking to on the net may not be who they say they are. Be very aware that there are some people who misrepresent their appearance or private details，such as mafital status，income，and so on，for their own reasons．It would not be the first time that someone has been taken in , and talk shows are full of cheating partners who have been caught dating over the Internet in their spare time．Nevertheless，taking a few simple precautions should help ensure that your Intemet dating experience is fun..
61．The purpose of writing the passage is to ________．
A．persuade readers to go dating on the Internet
B．infom us how to date on the Internet
C．warn readers against web love
D．introduce Internet dating to us
62．Which of the following is a must to make an Internet dating possible?
A．A photo． B．A profile． C．Regi stration fee． D．Business experience．
63．One advantage of Internet dating is that________．
A．you can avoid a face-to-face meeting in the beginning
B．you’re sure to find a partner with the same interests
C．you'll find absolutely reliable information of others
D．you
’11 gain fame and money overnight
64．The underlined word“pitfalls”in Paragraph 4 most probably means____________．
A．rules B．trends C．problems D．skills
65．What is probably talked about following the last paragraph?
A．Conventional dating． B．Hidden advantages．
C．Safety measures． D．Romantic love．
第三部分 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
A
Amiya Olden could have been a poster child for a reading crisis that affects nearly 2 million Michigan residents older than 1 6：They read below a sixth-grade level，which makes it difficult to find jobs and to improve their lives．Among them，Amiya is one．
Amiya Olden remembers well the day she graduated from Denby High school．She handed her diploma to her mother，who read it to her．“Then when someone asked me to read it，I could remember the things she read，and I knew what I had to say，”recalled Amiya Olden．“When we would go out to restaurants with my aunts，and that is when I really would get upset．1 would see words on the menu but I couldn’t read! ”
But don‘t feel sorry for her. She changed her life by reaching a point where she’d read enough．Two summers ago，she took charge of her life when she walked into Pro Literacy Detroit to improve her reading．Nineteen months ago，she was reading at a second-grade level；now at a fifth-grade level．
Olden now splits her days between her classes at Pro Literacy and the library，where she checks out books and reads them．She says she hopes her improved reading skills will help her find a good job．
And she has advice for others，who have trouble reading．
“Don’t give up on it，”she said．“Even though it can be challenging and you might get frustrated sometimes，practice does help．If you really want to be able to go somewhere，go out to a restaurant and you have to read signs and things like that，you want to know what you want to eat and where you want to go．．．If you want to succeed in life and grow，you have to read．More important，you have to feel confident that you can．”
56．Amiya' mother read the diploma to her so that_________．
A．she could encourage her daughter to improve her reading
B．her daughter could remember the content of the diploma
C．they both could remember the particular moment
D．she could show off before her daughter
57．Amiya attends Pro Literacy Detroit to __________．
A．get another diploma B．improve her reading level
C．find a good job in the training center D．be a poster child for the reading crisis
58．From the passage we can see in Michigan__________．
A．many people can’t find good jobs due to poor reading
B．the job market pays too much attention to reading
C．most students can’t graduate from high school
D．the reading crisis affects only poor people
59．Which of the following is true of Amiya?
A．She is 16 years old now．
B．A good job has been offered to her．
C．She is an adviser for those with reading difficulty．
D．Most of her time is divided between her classes and the library．
60．With the study at Pro Literacy，Amiya is now ．
A．puzzled B．discouraged C．confident D．1earned
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