Asuccessfulscientistisgenerall

更新 2022-09-03
科目英语
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A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full 36 of the facts he observes. He doesn’t accept ideas which are not 37   on obvious facts, and therefore refuses to accept authority as the only   38   for truth. He always 39    ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of    40    science may perhaps be considered to    41   as far back as the    42    of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who live    43    the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle    44    to suggest that we must learn science    45    observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself    46   many important discoveries.
Galileo, however, who lived more than 300 years later (1564-1642), was the greatest of several great men,     47    in Italy, France, Germany, or England, began by    48    to show how many important    49    could be discovered by observation. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more    50    towards the earth than small ones,     51    Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the    52     of the leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two  53    stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It was Galileo’s    54    of going direct to Nature, and proving our    55    and theories by experiment, that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.

A．use B．time C．speed D．trust

A．worked B．based C．lived D．written

A．reason B．cause C．advice D．result

A．thinks B．checks C．has D．learn

A．natural B．physical C．ancient D．modern

A．date B．keep C．look D．take

A．study B．time C．year D．birth

A．both B．each C．between D．among

A．Schools B．Ages C．Days D．Count

A．in B．with C．on D．by

A．did B．made C．took D．gave

A．who B．when C．that D．where

A．ways B．degrees C．levels D．chance

A．truths B．problems C．people D．subjects

A．slowly B．rapidly C．lightly D．heavily

A．although B．because C．when D．If

A．place B．foot C．top D．ceiling

A．big B．small C．equal D．unequal

A．spirit B．skill C．theory D．discovery

A．plans B．opinions C．world D．ability

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Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting. It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important 36 : giving-away makes life so much more exciting. You need not worry if you 37 money.
This is how I   38 with giving-away. If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store 39 to me, I step in and make the suggestion to the   40 . If an accident takes place, the 41 of which I think the local police could use, I 42 him up and tell him about it, though I am not in   43 here. One discovery I made about this world is to give 44 getting something back, though the 45 often comes in an unexpected form.
One Sunday morning the local post office delivered an important 46 letter to my home, though it was   47 to me at my office. I wrote the postmaster a note of   48 . More than a year later I needed a post-office box for a new business I was 49 . I was told at the window that there were 50 boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long 51 list. As I was about to 52 , the postmaster appeared in the   53 .“Wasn’t it you that wrote us that letter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home?” I said it was. “Well, you certainly are going to have a box in this post office 54 we make one for you. You don’t know what a letter like that means to us. We usually get 55 but complaints（投诉）.”
36．A．decision                  B．research                  C．speech                    D．discovery
37．A．earn                       B．lack                        C．spend                     D．steal
38．A．experienced            B．connected               C．combined                D．agreed
39．A．happens                  B．flashes                    C．sticks                      D．leads
40．A．postmaster              B．headmaster              C．storekeeper             D．policeman
41．A．story                      B．damage                   C．challenge                D．material
42．A．call                        B．hold                       C．break                      D．pick
43．A．need                       B．trouble                   C．common                 D．charge
44．A．within                   B．without                   C．for                         D．before
45．A．process                   B．goal                       C．return                     D．concern
46．A．curious                   B．immediate               C．special                    D．heavy
47．A．realized                  B．addressed                C．forgotten                D．brought
48．A．invitation                B．apology                  C．instruction                     D．appreciation
49．A．dealing                   B．providing                C．operating                D．starting
50．A．enough                   B．some                      C．no                          D．more
51．A．admitting                B．relating                   C．examining               D．waiting
52．A．leave                      B．shout                      C．guess                      D．conduct
53．A．window                  B．doorway                 C．library                    D．yard
54．A．in case                   B．now that                 C．even if                    D．as if
55．A．anything                 B．everything                     C．nothing                   D．something

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About 1,000 students were having a final exam in a huge lecture hall. Obviously the teacher wasn’t very well liked, who kept shouting out how much time was left. During the exam he was so 36   going around the room making sure that nobody   37 . He asked the students to pile the   38   tests on the huge desk. This made for quite a mess(混乱).
Anyway, everyone needed a fairly good   39 . Many students did poorly when rushed. 40of the students thought that he must get a good grade, so he went on when the professor said “ 41   down and check up your exam sheets”.
Five   42   turned into ten, ten into twenty, twenty into forty … almost an hour   43   the test was over, our friend finally put down his pencil,   44   up his work, and headed to the front to present his final. The whole time, the professor sat there,   45   waiting for the student to complete.
“What do you think you are doing?” It was clear that the professor had   46   only to give the student a   47   time.
“Turning in my exam,” replied the student confidently.
“I’m afraid I have some bad   48   for you,” the professor gloated(幸灾乐祸), “Your 49 is an hour late. You’re FAILED it. And I’ll see you next term when you   50   my course.”
The student smiled slyly(狡诈地)   51   asked the professor, “Do you know who I am?” “No,” cried out the professor   52 .
The student   53   the professor right in the eyes and said slowly, “I didn’t think so,” so he lifted up one of the   54   half way, put his test neatly into the center of the pile, let the pile fall 55   his test in the middle, turned around, and walked out of the huge lecture hall.
36．A．kind                       B．busy                       C．strict                      D．serious
37．A．cheated                   B．failed                            C．slept                       D．passed
38．A．written                   B．succeeded               C．unfinished               D．completed
39．A．teacher                   B．friend                     C．grade                      D．paper
40．A．All                         B．One                        C．None                      D．Each
41．A．pencils                   B．papers                   C．hands                     D．books
42．A．students                  B．minutes                  C．sheets                     D．piles
43．A．if                           B．though                    C．before                    D．after
44．A．gathered                 B．brought                  C．sent                        D．made
45．A．strangely                B．excitedly                 C．anxiously                D．curiously
46．A．promised                B．managed                 C．waited                    D．worked
47．A．easy                       B．hard                       C．long                       D．good
48．A．information            B．result                      C．advice                    D．news
49．A．exam                      B．time                       C．arrival                    D．turn
50．A．accept                    B．repeat                     C．learn                      D．begin
51．A．and                        B．but                         C．so                          D．however
52．A．cruelly                   B．calmly                    C．angrily                   D．firmly
53．A．searched                 B．hit                          C．blamed                   D．looked
54．A．hands                     B．eyes                       C．desks                      D．piles
55．A．changing                B．burying                  C．improving               D．sticking

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Do you remember last summer , when angry travelers were urging the government to do something about airline customer service ? Airlines     36     to improve , and they adopted (采用)new standards just before Christmas .    37     as another summer nears , plenty of     38
travelers don’t see much improvement in customer     39     overall .
This month , the Department of Transportation’s (DOT) office will publish its first critical   40
on whether airlines are     41     their promises . One survey（调查）suggests problems : the number of     42     to the DOT about the top 10 airlines in the first     43     rose 89% from a year ago .
Hit last summer by passenger complaints and the threat (威慑)of consumer-protection laws by the    44      , 14 airlines     45     to adopt a set of basic customer-service standards called Customers First . The “12 promises” to passengers were introduced     46     a mjor effort to improve service . Since then , airlines have been redesigning websites , retraining employees and upgrading technology .
Recently , DOT inspector general Kenneth Mead , at McCain’s request , sent 20 examiners to airports to     47     whether each airline is doing what it promised . Mead warns travelers shouldn’t    48      too much . Most of the promises are    49      better communication with customers , not problems with flights .
“Passengers should show more understanding to airlines about their     50     to better air service .” Spokeswoman Shelly Sasson says . “And when     51     are made , it takes a long time for them to be noticed,” she says .
Now , the efforts may be working . During the first quarter , Delta had the second-lowest rate of complaints among the     52     10 carriers .    53     , its rate , along with other carriers’ , is up from last year . McCain and other lawmakers say there may be a     54    to pass new consumer-protection      55    .
36．A．promised                      B．managed                C．hoped                    D．refused
37．A．So                         B．But                        C．Merely                   D．Even
38．A．skilled                   B．experienced            C．tired                             D．puzzled
39．A．flight                     B．opinion                  C．service                   D．travel
40．A．news                     B．information            C．doubt                     D．article
41．A．honoring                B．making                  C．giving                    D．improving
42．A．problems                      B．travelers                 C．passengers              D．complaints
43．A．quarter                  B．year                       C．month                    D．summer
44．A．customer                B．company                C．government            D．public
45．A．wished                   B．agreed                    C．remembered           D．failed
46．A．to                          B．for                        C．as                          D．by
47．A．explain                   B．discuss                    C．discover                 D．check
48．A．travel                    B．expect                    C．complain                D．suggest
49．A．aimed at                B．considered as          C．joined to                D．made from
50．A．difficulty                      B．situation                 C．reality                    D．efforts
51．A．suggestions            B．rules                      C．decisions                D．improvements
52．A．large                     B．first                       C．top                        D．bad
53．A．Still                       B．Therefore                C．Instead                   D．Meanwhile
54．A．possibility              B．need                      C．chance                  D．use
55．A．examinations          B．service                   C．laws                      D．reports

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You have waited 45 minutes for the valuable 10 minutes’ break between classes. But when the bell for the next class rings, you can’t   36   how quickly time has passed.
If you are familiar with this   37 , you’ll know how time flies when you are having fun-and 38   when you are bored. Now scientists have   39   a reason why this is the case.
Scans have shown that patterns of activity in the brain   40   according to how we focus on a task. When we are   41 , we concentrate more on how time is passing. And this makes our brains   42   the clock is ticking more slowly.
In an experiment   43   by a French laboratory, 12 volunteers watched an image   44
researchers monitored their brain activity.
The volunteers were told to   45   concentrate on how long an image appeared for, then
46   the color of the image, and thirdly, study both duration and color. The results showed that 47   was more active when the volunteers paid   48   subjects.
It is thought that if the brain is   49   focusing on many aspects of a task, it has to 50 its resources, and pays less attention to the clock. 51 , time passes without us really   52   it, and seems to go quickly. If the brain is not so active, it concentrates its   53   energies on monitoring the passing of time.   54 , time seems to drag.
Next time you feel bored   55 , perhaps you should pay more attention to what the teacher is saying!
36．A．guess                      B．learn                      C．believe                   D．doubt
37．A．view                      B．point                      C．scene                      D．experience
38．A．drags                      B．stops                      C．backs                      D．gains
39．A．thought over           B．made up                 C．suggested                D．come up with
40．A．change                   B．develop                  C．grow                      D．slow
41．A．sleepy                    B．bored                            C．excited                   D．active
42．A．report                     B．think                      C．decide                    D．see
43．A．produced                B．carried                    C．tried                       D．performed
44．A．so                          B．when                      C．while                      D．but
45．A．partly                     B．quickly                   C．how                       D．first
46．A．remember               B．focus on                 C．forget                    D．tell apart
47．A．the researchers        B．the experiment        C．the clock                 D．the brain
48．A．much attention to                                       B．more attention to
C．attention to many                                        D．attention to more
49．A．busy                       B．likely                            C．ready                      D．sure
50．A．focus                      B．gather                     C．reach                     D．spread
51．A．However                B．Furthermore            C．Therefore                D．Finally
52．A．recognizing             B．watching                 C．noticing                  D．counting
53．A．enough                   B．full                        C．right                       D．proper
54．A．In fact                    B．As a result                     C．For example            D．Instead
55．A．in class                   B．with work               C．in mind                  D．of lessons

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Some personal characteristics play an important role in the development of one’s intelligence . But people fail to realize the importance of training these factors in young people .
The so-called ‘non-intelligence factors’（非智力因素）include    36     feelings , will , motivation （动机）, interests and habits . After a 30-year follow-up study of 8000 males , American psychologists （心理学）   37     that the main cause of disparities in intelligence is not intelligence     38    , but non-intelligence factors including the desire to learn , will power and self-confidence .
39    people all know that one should have definite objectives , a strong will and good learning habits , quite a number of teachers and parents don’t pay much attention to     40    these factors .
Some parents are greatly worried    41     their children fail to do well in their studies . They blame either genetic （遗传的）factors , malnutrition ,（营养不良）or laziness , but they never take     42    consideration these non-intelligence factors . At the same time , some teachers don’t inquire into these , as reasons    43     students do poorly . They simply give them more courses and exercises , or     44    criticize or laugh at them . After all , these students lose self-confidence . Some of them just feel defeated and     45    themselves up as hopeless . Others may go astray（迷途）because they are sick of learning .   46     investigation of more than 1,000 middle school students in Shanghai showed that 46.5 per cent of them were   47      of learning , because of examinations , 36.4 per cent lacked persistence , initiative （主动）and consciousness （正直地、谨慎的）and 10.3 per cent were sick of learning .
It is clear    48     the lack of cultivation （培养） of non-intelligence factors has been a main     49    to intelligence development in teenagers . It even causes an imbalance between physiological （生理的）and    50     development among a few students .
If we don’t start now to   51      the cultivation of non-intelligence factors , it will not only affect the development of the   52      of teenagers , but also affect the quality of a whole generation . Some experts have put forward    53     about how to cultivate students’ non-intelligence factors .
First , parents and teachers should    54     understand teenage psychology . On this basis , they can help them to pursue （调动）the objectives of learning ,     55   their interests and toughening their willpower .
36．A．one’s                     B．their                             C．his                         D．her
37．A．came out                B．found out                 C．made out                D．worked out
38．A．in itself                  B．by itself                 C．itself                      D．on its own
39．A．Though                  B．Nevertheless            C．However                D．Moreover
40．A．believing                      B．studying                 C．cultivating              D．developing
41．A．about                     B．when                     C．how                       D．whether
42．A．for                        B．in                          C．into                        D．over
43．A．why                             B．that                       C．when                     D．how
44．A．ever                             B．even                      C．still                       D．more
45．A．put                        B．get                         C．handle                   D．give
46．A．The                       B．An                         C．Another                  D．A
47．A．afraid                    B．ahead                     C．aware                    D．ashamed
48．A．that                       B．how                       C．why                       D．which
49．A．difficulty                      B．question                 C．threat                     D．obstacle(障碍)
50．A．intelligent              B．characteristic          C．psychological         D．physical
51．A．practise                B．thrust                     C．strengthen              D．urge
52．A．intelligence            B．diligence                 C．maturity（成熟）   D．performance
53．A．projects                 B．warnings                C．suggestions             D．decision
54．A．fully                      B．greatly                   C．very                             D．highly
55．A．insuring                 B．going                     C．encouraging           D．exciting

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