We’ve considered several ways of paying to cut in line: hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers (票贩子), or purchasing line-cutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park. Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service).
Markets and queues — paying and waiting — are two different ways of allocating things, and each is appropriate to different activities. The morals of the queue, “First come, first served, have an egalitarian (平等主义的) appeal. They tell us to ignore privilege, power, and deep pockets.
The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops. But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions. If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because it’s the first. Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities, properly governed by different standards.
Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply. Think of the recorded message you hear, played over and over, as you wait on hold when calling your bank: “Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.” This is essential for the morals of the queue. It’s as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.
But don’t take the recorded message too seriously. Today, some people’s calls are answered faster than others. Call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places. You might call this telephonic queue jumping.
Of course, markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things. Some goods we distribute by merit, others by need, still others by chance. However, the tendency of markets to replace queues, and other non-market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore. It is striking that most of the paid queue-jumping schemes we’ve considered — at airports and amusement parks, in call centers, doctors’ offices, and national parks — are recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago. The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern, but these are not the only places that markets have entered.63.According to the author, which of the following seems governed by the principle “First come, first served”?
| A．Flying with an airline | B．Buying houses |
| C．Taking buses | D．Visiting amusement parks |
64.The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 shows ______.
| A．the necessity of patience in queuing |
| B．the advantage of modern technology |
| C．the uncertainty of allocation principle |
| D．the fairness of telephonic services |
65.The passage is meant to ______.
| A．discuss the morals of allocating things |
| B．justify paying for faster services |
| C．analyze the reason for standing in line |
| D．criticize the behavior of queue jumping |
It’s that unbelievable fantasy that all of us in the music business are pursuing. While we think that few of us will ever win the “ jackpot”(最高奖赏)of music fame and fortune, emotionally we still hope that one day we will be included in that small group.
As long as the music business has existed, people have been trying to discover the basic ingredients for success. Opinions range from having post-graduate degrees in composition on the one hand, to having an uncle who drives the bus for Reba McIntype, a famous country music singer, on the other hand. (Probably both would be helpful!) In my opinion, however, there are two doors that are absolutely essential in order to enter credibility. They are available to anyone, but they do require a key, and the key to both of them is perseverance.
There is nothing that can replace excellence! It is the first door we must open in order to have any hope of achieving our musical goals. And, unfortunately, there is no shortcut to excellence. The only way to achieve it is through dedication, discipline and lots of blood, sweat and tears… in other words, perseverance.
Every day I received emails from promising songwriters and musicians all around the world who mistakenly think that natural talent is the magic ingredient for success. While talent is certainly a plus, it is by no means the miraculous elixir(神奇的灵丹妙药)that will turn you into a famous person. Think about it for a moment: How many very talented people do you know personally who are much better songwriters and musicians than those you hear on TV and on the radio? I’ll bet you can say that you know quite a few. And yet, most of these gifted artists will never be known outside their own family or community. Why? Because natural talent—by itself—is not enough.
Next time we will e
xplore the other door to the world of music achievement—the door of credibility—and how the perseverance key works to unlock it as well.
68. In the author’s opinion, the key to success in music achievement is __________.
A. talent B. dedication C. perseverance D. discipline
69. Which paragraph will end with “Whether you’re very talented, or just average, perseverance in practicing makes a difference in your music career.”?
A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four
70. What is the author most probably?
A. A psychologist B. A teacher C.A well-known musician D. A talented writer
71. From the passage, the author wants to tell us_________.
A. difficulties in the music business
B. the key to success in the music field
C. the jackpot of music fame and fortune
D. the basic ingredients for success
If your life feels like it is lacking the power that you want and the motivation that you need, sometimes all you have to do is shift your point of view.
By training your thoughts to concentrate on the bright side of things, you are more likely to have the incentive（刺激，诱因） to follow through on your goals. You are less likely to be held back by negative ideas that might limit your performance.
Your life can be enhanced（增强的）, and your happiness enriched, when you choose to change your perspective（远景、希望）. Don't leave your future to chance, or wait for things to get better mysteriously on their own. You must go in the direction of your hopes and aspirations. Begin to build your confidence, and work through problems rather than avoid them. Remember that power is not necessarily control over situations, but the ability to deal with whatever comes your way.
Always believe that good things are possible, and remember that mistakes can be lessons that lead to discoveries. Take your fear and transform it into trust; learn to rise above anxiety and doubt. Turn your "worry hours" into "productive hours".
Take the energy that you have wasted and direct it toward every worthwhile effort that you can be involved in. You will see beautiful things happen when you allow yourself to experience the joys of life. You will find happiness when you adopt positive thinking into your daily routine and make it an important part of your world.
64. What is the best title for the passage？
A. Live every day B.Treat every day actively
C. Turn your "worry hours" into "productive hours" D. How to live
65. ______ is the most likely to prevent your being successful?
A. Positive thinking B. Negative ideas
C. Worry hours D. Productive hours
66. What does the word “aspirations” mean in the passage?
A. ambition B. expectation C.wish D. desire
67. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
A.Change your opinion, and change your dream.
B. Negative ideas will limit your life.
C.Turn your "worry hours" into "productive hours".
D. Positive thinking will make you successful.
The Internet has helped to connect and bring the entire world together. As a result, people now use the Internet to choose services, products and websites that come on the 1st or 2nd page of Google. The Internet has unbelievably revolutionized the whole world and the way in which businesses sell products online.
A recent survey found that Australians are going crazy for online shopping and beating world records for online purchasing. In Australia, over 10 million people now use Google, Yahoo and MSN to find products and services online. 92% of people do not go further, if they find their desired products and services on the 1st or 2nd page of their search. This proves that now consumers have changed their shopping preferences and prefer to shop online rather than visit shopping centers.
There are a number of websites in Australia selling products online. And each website is trying its best to pulltraffic towards the website. It is easy to get traffic, but the whole effort is successful only when there is a sale out of those users viewing your site.
In Australia, people are fond of 100% Australian owned and operated goods. People in Australia prefer to buy things online securely and safely. So there are a few tips that online shoppers should follow before buying online:
☆dentify your dealer and try to know the contact address of the company.
☆Carefully read the description of products before buying and take special note of refunds(退款) of products.
☆Check the cost of products and the way of payment. Also note the extra charges that may be included such as credit cards (信用卡) charges.
☆Get detailed information on confirmation of the order.
☆Check the time between the order and delivery of product.
The main benefit of online shopping is the availability of a huge variety of products in one single website. That makes the selection process easier. If you also want to make your shopping experience unforgettable, then find the best online department store for your desired products and choose the items that offer discounts and bargains online.
60. The passage is mainly about__________.
A. how we can buy things online securely and safely
B. how the Internet has changed the world and the way business is done
C. how the Internet has helped to connect and bring the entire world together
D. how the Internet has changed Australians’ shopping habit and tips for online shopping
61. T
he underlined word “traffic” in the third paragraph probably means“________”.
A. the number of visitors a
nd the number of pages they visit
B. the vehicles moving along a road or street
C. the communication between different people
D. the trade between different countries
62. We can infer from the passage that __________.
A. you will be charged more if you use a credit card
B. there are many tricks about shopping online
C. the success of an online store isn’t about getting many users
D. people don’t visit shopping centers due to the bad traffic
63. Which of the following opinions probably does the writer hold?
A. Shopping online is a good thing, so the government should encourage it.
B. Shopping online is a dangerous thing, so we should forbid it.
C. Shopping online is a new thing and we need to be careful about it.
D. Shopping online is a fashionable thing and everyone should follow it.
Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment.
Some sports are resource-hungry. Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses（球场）in good condition. This causes major environmental effects. For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.
There are many environment-friendly sports. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You don’t need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes; and you don’t have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit. If you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control.
Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be “green gyms”. They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all, it’s free.
72. Which of the following is the author most probably in favor of?
A. Cycling around a lake B. Motor racing in the desert
C. Playing basketball in a gym D. Swimming in a sports center
73. What do we know about golf from the passage?
A. It is popular in Portugal and Spain
Ｂ. It causes water shortages around the world
C. It pollutes the earth with chemicals and wastes
D. It needs water and electricity to keep its courses green
74. The author uses power walking as an example mainly because______.
A. it is an outdoor sport B. it improves our health
C. it uses fewer resources D. it is recommended by experts
75. The author writes the passage to ______.
A. show us the function of major sports
B. encourage us to go in for green sports
C. discuss the major influence of popular sports
D. introduce different types of environment-friendly sports.
第三部分 阅读理解 (共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Have you ever noticed what happens to an idea once you express it? Just talking about it or writing it down causes you to make it clear in your own mind. How can you use this to increase your brain power? Start writing.
By putting thoughts into words, you are telling yourself the logic behind what you think, feel, or only partly understand. Often, explaining a thought is the process of understanding. In other words, you increase your brain power by exercising your “explain power”.
Another benefit of writing is that it helps you remember. Many, if not most, highly productive people are always taking notes. You can try keeping it all in your head, but if you keep a journal of your ideas, the next time you’re working on a big project, you’ll probably have more success.
Want to understand a topic? Write a book about it. That’s an extreme example, but if you are learning something new, write a letter to a friend about it, and you will understand it better. Want to invent something? Write an explanation of the problem—why you want to solve it, and why it is worth solving, and you’re half-way there.
Writers don’t always write because they clearly understand something beforehand. Often, they write about something because they want to understand it. You can do the same. Writing will help bring you to an understanding. Give it a try.
56．According to the passage, writing can help you a lot EXCEPT______.
A．to increase your brain power. B．to improve the ability to remember.
C．to develop your interest in study. D．to strengthen the understanding 
of a topic.
57．The underlined sentence “you’re half-way there” in the fourth paragraph means that______.
A．you are already successful
B．there’s a long way for you to go to reach your goal.
C．you are left wondering what to do
D．you have been on the way to success
58．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．A Way on How to Write. B．A More Powerful Mind Through Writing.
C．Brain Power Helps Improve Your Writing. D．How to Start Your Writing.
59．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Writing can cure people o
f their brain disease.
B．People who can keep all thoughts in mind are more likely to succeed.
C．Writing a book about one topic is the only way to understand it.
D．The more you write, the more logical you will be.
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