A federal agency on Tuesday called for a ban on all cellphone use by drivers -- the most far-reaching recommendation up to now — saying its decision was based on a decade of investigations into distraction-related (与分散注意力有关的) accidents, as well as growing concerns that powerful mobile devices are giving drivers even more reasons to look away from the road.
As part of its recommendation, the National Transportation Safety Board is urging states to ban drivers from using hands-free devices, including wireless headsets. No state now has made laws to ban such activity, but the Board said that drivers faced serious risks from talking on wireless headsets, just as they do by taking a hand off the wheel to hold a phone to their ears.
However, the concern was heightened by increasingly powerful phones that people can use to send e-mails, watch movies and play games.
“Every year, new devices are being on sale.” she said. “People are attracted to update their Facebook page, to play music with cellphone, as if sitting at a desk. But they are driving a car.”
The agency based its recommendation on evidence from its investigation of numerous crashes in which electronic distraction was a major contributing factor.
Ms. Hersman said she understood that this recommendation would be unwelcome in some circles, given the number of drivers who talk and text. But she compared distracted driving to drunken driving and even smoking, which required wholesale cultural shifts to change behavior.
“It’s going to be very unpopular with some people.” she said. “We’re not here to win a popularity contest. We’re here to do the right thing. This is a difficult recommendation, but it’s the right recommendation and it is time.”
The agency’s recommendation is not required for states to adopt such a ban. And it won’t likely be agreed upon by state lawmakers who are unwillingly to anger those who have grown accustomed to using their device behind the wheel.
The ban also deserves attention because it is the first call by a federal agency to end the practice completely, rather than the partial ban that some lawmakers have put in place by allowing hands-free talking.The ban on all cellphone use by drivers was put forward ______.
| A．after a long discussion and recommendation |
| B．after about ten years’ investigation in it |
| C．because of the most powerful mobile devices |
| D．for the reason of heading away from the road |
We can know from the passage that ______.
| A．electronic distraction resulted in numerous crashes |
| B．numerous crashes were caused by drunk driving |
| C．electronic distraction contributed much to the ban |
| D．the recommendation was based on electronic distraction |
Ms Hersman thinks that distracted driving, drunken driving and smoking ______.
| A．are just common behaviors | B．can be shifted to behaviors |
| C．are behaviors to be changed | D．are just cultural behaviors |
Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
| A．Cellphone Ban in Cars |
| B．Valuable Ban for Cellphones |
| C．Drivers Ban Cellphones |
| D．Cellphone Ban while Driving |
A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to respect the self-made man--the man who has risen to the top through his own efforts, usually beginning by working with his hands. While the leader in business or industry or the college professor occupies a higher social position and commands greater respect in the community than the common laborer or even the skilled factory worker, he may take pains to point out that his father started life in America as a farmer or laborer of some sort.
This attitude toward manual (体力的) labor is now still seen in many aspects of American life. One is invited to dinner at a home that is not only comfortably but even luxuriously (豪华地) furnished and in which there is every evidence of the fact that the family has been able to afford foreign travel, expensive hobbies, and college education for the children; yet the hostess probably will cook the dinner herself, will serve it herself and will wash dishes afterward, furthermore the dinner will not consist merely of something quickly and easily assembled from contents of various cans and a cake or a pie bought at the near- by bakery. On the contrary, the hostess usually takes pride in careful preparation of special dishes. A professional man may talk about washing the car, digging in his flowerbeds, painting the house. His wife may even help with these things, just as he often helps her with the dishwashing. The son who is away at college may wait on table and wash dishes for his living, or during the summer he may work with a construction gang on a highway in order to pay for his education.From Paragraph 1 , we can know that in America
| A．people tend to have a high opinion of the self--made man |
| B．people can always rise to the top through their own efforts |
| C．college professors win great respect from common workers |
| D．people feel painful to mention their fathers as laborers |
According to the passage, the hostess cooks dinner herself mainly because
| A．servants in America are hard to get |
| B．she takes pride in what she can do herself |
| C．she can hardly afford servants |
| D．it is easy to prepare a meal with canned food |
The expression "wait on table" in the second paragraph means
| A．work in a furniture shop |
| B．keep accounts for a bar |
| C．wait to lay the table |
| D．serve customers in a restaurant |
Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?
| A．A Respectable Self--made Family |
| B．American Attitude toward Manual Labor |
| C．Characteristics of American Culture |
| D．The Development of Manual Labor |
Riding School：
You can start horse—riding at any age．Choose private or group lessons any weekday be 9 a．m．and 8：30 P．m．(3：30 p．m．on Saturdays)．There are 10 kilometers of tracks and paths for leisurely rides across farmland and open country．You will need a riding hat．
Opening Hours：Monday through Friday：9：00 a．m．—8：30 p．m．
Phone：(412)396—6754 Fax：(412)396—6752
Sailing Club：
Our Young Sailor’s Course leads to the Stage 1 Sailing qualification．You’ll learn how to sail safely and the course also covers sailing theory and first aid．Have fun with other course member , afterwards in the clubroom．There are 10 weekly two-hour 1essons (Tuesdays 6 p．m．～8 Pp．m．)．
Opening Hours：Tuesdays：6：00 p．m．—8：00 p．m．
Phone：(412)396—6644 Fax：(412)396—6644
Diving Centre：
Our experienced instructors offer one-month courses in deep-sea diving for beginners．There are two evening lessons a week，in which you learn to breathe underwater and use the equipment safely．You only need fl swimming costume and towel．Reduced rates for couples．
Opening Hours：Monday and Friday：6：30 p．m．—8：30 p．m．
Phone：(412)396—6312 Fax：(412)396—6706
Medical Center：
The staff of the Medical Center aim to provide convenient and comprehensive medical care to students and staff of the university．The center is well equipped and the staff here are trained to deal wit h a broad range of medical problems．Both female and male doctors as well as nursing staff are available for consultation．Also，all kinds of medicines are sold here and are cheaper for students than other drugstores．
Opening Hours：24 hour from Monday to Sunday
Phone：(412)396--6649 Fax：(412)396—6648
Watersports Club：
We use a two-kilometer length of river for speedboat racing，and water-skiing，A beginners’course consist s of ten 20-minute lessons．You will learn to handle boats safely and confidently，but must be able to swim．The club is in a convenient central position and is open daily from 9 a．m to 4 p．m，with lessons all through the day．
Opening Hours：Monday through Friday：9：00 a．m．—4：00 p．m．
Phone：(412)396—6899 Fax：(412)396—6890If you want to swim and enjoy activities which are fast and a bit dangerous，you should join ．
| A．Watersports Club | B．Diving Centre | C．Sailing Club | D．Riding School |
If you want to experience a new activity in the countryside in the mornings，you may fax ．
| A．(412)396—6648 | B．(412)396—6706 |
| C．(412)396—6752 | D．(412)396—6876 |
If you are planning to explore the ocean depths, you should attend your lessons at .
| A．24 hour from Monday to Sunday |
| B． Monday and Friday：6：30 p．m．—8：30 p．m． |
| C．Tuesdays：6：00 p．m．—8：00 p．m． |
| D．Monday through Friday：7：00 a．m．—10：00 p．m． |
You want to do an activity one evening a week and get a certificate in the end，you can go to ．
| A．Watersports Club | B．Diving Center |
| C．Sailing Club | D．Riding School |
Which is NOT the convenience that the Medical Center provides?
| A．Good equipment． |
| B．Well trained staff members． |
| C．Various less expensive medicines． |
| D．Nursery for newly-born babies |
About six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table, I couldn’t help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point the woman asked, “So, how have you been?” And the boy — who could not have been more than seven or eight years old — replied. “Frankly, I’ve been feeling a little depressed lately.”
This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed (确认) my growing belief that children are changing. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn’t find out we were “depressed”, that is, in low spirits, until we were in high school.
Undoubtedly a change in children has increased steadily in recent years. Children don’t seem childlike anymore. Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to.
Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. Childhood as it once was no longer exists. Why?
Human development is depended not only on born biological states, but also on patterns of gaining social knowledge. Movement from one social role to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new social positions. Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages; traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders.
In the last 30 years, however, a secret-revelation (揭示) machine has been equipped in 98 percent of American homes. It is called television. Television passes information to all viewers alike, whether they are children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation (诱惑) , many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more attractive moving pictures.
Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information which children will gain. Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.According to the author, feeling depressed is ________.
| A．a sure sign of a mental problem in a child |
| B．a mental state present in all humans, including children |
| C．something that cannot be avoided in children’s mental development |
| D．something hardly to be expected in a young child |
Traditionally, a child is supposed to learn about the adult world _________.
| A．through connection with society |
| B．gradually and under guidance |
| C．naturally without being taught |
| D．through watching television |
According to the author, that today’s children seem adultlike results from ______.
| A．the widespread influence of television |
| B．the poor arrangement of teaching content |
| C．the fast pace of human scientific development |
| D．the rising standard of living |
What does the author think of communication through print for children?
| A．It enables children to gain more social information. |
| B．It develops children’s interest in reading and writing. |
| C．It helps children to read and write well. |
| D．It can control what children are to learn. |
What does the author think of the change in today’s children?
| A．He feels their adultlike behavior is so funny. |
| B．He thinks the change worthy of note. |
| C．He considers it a rapid development. |
| D．He seems to be upset about it. |
On Nov. 18, 1995, Itzhak Perlman, the violinist, came on stage to give a concert at Avery Fisher Hall at Lincoln Center in New York City.
If you have ever been to a Perlman concert, you know that getting on stage is no small achievement for him. He was stricken with polio(小儿麻痹症) as a child, and so he has braces(支架) on both legs and walks with the aid of two crutches(双拐).
He walks painfully, yet majestically (庄严地), until he reaches his chair. Then he sits down, slowly, puts his crutches on the floor, undoes the clasps on his legs, tucks one foot back and extends the other foot forward. Then he bends down and picks up the violin, puts it under his chin, nods to the conductor and proceeds to play.
But this time, something went wrong. Just as he finished the first few bars(小节), one of the strings on his violin broke. You could hear it snap(嘣断)——it went off like gunfire across the room. There was no mistaking what that meant. There was no mistaking what he had to do.
We figured that he would have to get up, put on the clasps again, pick up the crutches and limp his way off stage——to either find another violin or else find another string for this one. But he didn’t. Instead, he waited a moment, closed his eyes and then signaled the conductor to begin again.
The orchestra began, and he played from where he had left off. And he played with such passion and such power and such purity as they had never heard before.
When he finished, there was an awesome silence in the room. And then people rose and cheered. He smiled, wiped the sweat from this brow, raised his bow to quiet us, and then he said in a quiet tone, “You know, sometimes it is the artist’s task to find out how much music you can still make with what you have left.”By saying “getting on stage is no small achievement for him”, the author really means ___.
| A．it’s very difficult for Itzhak Perlman to play the violin with three strings |
| B．it’s not easy for Itzhak Perlman to get on the stage because he is disabled |
| C．it’s not easy for Itzhak Perlman to face such a large audience |
| D．it’s really great achievements for Itzhak Perlman to play the violin with three strings |
When one of the strings broke, people thought Itzhak Perlman would __________.
| A．go on playing with the remaining three strings |
| B．give up playing |
| C．change or repair his violin |
| D．get off the stage with shame |
Itzhak Perlman ___________ when one of the strings of the violin broke.
| A．gave up playing |
| B．didn’t know what to do |
| C．went on playing the same piece of music |
| D．went on playing a different piece of music |
What did the audience feel when Itzhak Perlman finished playing?
| A．Moved | B．Surprised |
| C．Disappointed | D．Satisfied |
Itzhak Perlman can be best described as a man who is ____________.
| A．clever | B．strong willed |
| C．humourous | D．quite skilled |
Nowadays we all know that it’s best to eat healthily, limiting our intake(摄入) of fat, sugar and salt. We at Fineways Supermarket have reduced the levels of these in 1000 of our products and are doing so for a further 950 this year. In addition, we have introduced a new labeling system to help you make wise choices as you purchase food, in order to have a healthy diet and way of life.
When you buy food, you the consumer need to know exactly what you will be eating. Some products are already labelled “Healthy” or “Low in fat”, but don’t rely on that; we would rather the customer decides after reading the nutritional information on the packet. So our new food labels have become clearer and more helpful.
Our easy-to-read labels explain simply what is in your food. They show you:
how much sugar, fat and salt there is in each serving(食物的一分)
how many calories one serving contains
the percentages of your guideline daily amounts (GDAs) for each of these
What are Guideline Daily Amounts?
GDAs are a guide to the total amount of calories, sugar, fat, salt and other elements(成分) we should eat in a day. According to experts, GDAs for a typical adult are:
Calories 2000 kcal
Sugar 90g
Fat 70g
Salt 6g
Please note that children and active adults have different nutritional requirements.
Numbers count
Here is an example of our new labeling:
| Chicken salad sandwich pack Calories 256 13%GDA Sugar 3.1g 4%GDA Fat 4.8g 7%GDA Salt 1.1g 19%GDA |
Knowing this kind of information about each product you buy can help you keep within the recommended daily amounts, so be wise about your shopping with Fineways’ easy new healthy-conscious labels!The author of the text is probably .
| A．a dutiful housewife |
| B．a well-known nutritionist |
| C．a staff member of a supermarket |
| D．a manager of a fast-food company |
How are Fineways’ new food labels more helpful than they used to be?
| A．They provided detailed information of each product. |
| B．They show whether the food is green or not. |
| C．They show whether the food is high in fat. |
| D．They are printed in clearer ink. |
We know from the text that Fineways Supermarket .
| A．reduced the levels of fat, sugar and salt in all their products. |
| B．asked experts to revise GDAs many times |
| C．tried to change the sizes of the packets. |
| D．used a new labeling system. |
What’s the best title for the passage?
| A．What are GDAs? |
| B．What’s on your food label? |
| C．Are you healthy? |
| D．Do you visit supermarkets often? |
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