DicksonDespommier,apublichealt

更新 2022-09-03
科目英语
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Dickson Despommier, a public health professor at Columbia University in New York City developed an idea with his students nine years ago. They imagined people in cities growing crops inside a tall building. Tomatoes could grow on one floor of the skyscraper(摩天大楼), potatoes on the next, small animals and fish on the floor above.
This vertical(垂直的) farm, or "farmscraper", could have space for restaurants and other places that serve food, like schools or hospitals. They could serve foods that are truly locally grown.
But why would anyone want to build a farm indoors in a city? Dickson Despommier believes it will become necessary. The world needs to find places to produce enough food to feed the growing population. Space, he says, is an all-important issue.
The professor also points to the problems of traditional farms. They use a lot of freshwater. Their fertilizer and animal waste can pollute water resources. And their growing seasons can be limited.
But inside the vertical farm, crops could grow all year. And there would be no wind to blow away soil. Farmers would not have to worry about too much or too little rain, or about hot summers, freezing winters or insects. And without insects there would be no need for chemicals to kill them.
Farm machines that .use fossil fuels, like tractors, would not be needed either. And water could be recycled for drinking. "The vertical farm reuses everything, so there is no waste," says Professor Despommier.
Even buildings could be saved. Old buildings could become new farms and provide jobs.
The professor has been actively proposing the idea to cities as far away as Dubai and Canada. But so far it exists only in plans and drawings, and a model at the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago.
Critics say building a farmscraper would cost too much, especially considering the price of land in many cities. Dickson Despommier estimates the cost at about twenty to thirty million dollars.
But he says the building would not have to be very tall. And his graduate students have found many empty lots and unused buildings in New York City that could provide space.
According to the passage the purpose of proposing the idea of a farm scraper is to .

A．find places to produce enough food

B．serve food that are truly locally grown

C．prevent polluting the limited land

D．save fresh water

Which is one of the advantages of a farm scraper?

A．It costs less

B．It saves labor power.

C．It consumes too much energy

D．It is more environmentally friendly.

Those against the idea of farm scrapers argue that

A．it uses too much land in cities

B．it costs too much to build one

C．it causes people to lose their jobs

D．it exists only in unrealistic plans

Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A．A vertical farm has been built in Chicago.

B．Old buildings could be changed into new farms.

C．Traditional farms use less water but pollute more water

D．There are some vertical farms being put into use in Canada.

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So who is right? Is sadness something we cannot live without or something horrible never to touch?
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53. The underlined word “this ” refers to ________.
A. taking medicine   B. falling in despair              C. losing a job              D. feeling sad
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A. a good thing for people’s health            B. something horrible never to touch
C. a necessary function of humans’       D. always to be treated as depression
55. Some animals show their sadness in order to ________.
A. cheat their enemy                                B. protect themselves
C. comfort the loser                               D. challenge the winner
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A. people with great creativity tend to be happier
B. unhappy experiences contribute to a greater career
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A. it will be a fine day later                B. light clothing is helpless with cold
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A. rich western industrialized country            B. backward agricultural country
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45. The writer thinks that it is not ________ for us to connect leadership with strength and power.
A. possible              B. necessary                C. easy                  D. effective
46. One may NOT be working hard when ________.
A. they’re regarded as human beings             B. others like to do more for leaders
C. money is taken as the most important     D. leaders understand the way things work
47. From the passage, we can conclude that ______ is the key to making a good leader.
A. developing one’s emotional intelligence    B. influencing others in one’s own way
C. producing some unexpected results           D. having confidence in one’s ability
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A. have strength and power                    B. are going to make a speech
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第二部分阅读理解:（共两节, 满分50分）
Ⅲ. 第一节（共20小题; 每小题2分, 满分40分））阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卷上将该选项标号涂黑。
“Few things help an individual more than to place responsibility upon him, and let him know that you trust him.” These words are from the black American educator, Booker Washington. He was saying that, “If you want people to grow up, you have to stop treating them like children.”
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From an early age, American children are asked for their opinions and they are included in family decision-making. At the dinner table, teenagers will be listened to on any topic, from politics to buying a new family car or where the family will go on vacation. In this way, teenagers are getting practice in becoming individuals: they are learning how to stand on their own two feet.
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A. save money for useful things               B. become independent
C. express their great ambitions              D. make important decisions
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A. be accepted as a popular guy             B. learn to decide how to use money
C. overspend money without care            D. have school supplies of his own
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A. are more independent than Americans            B. should become interested in America
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A. that we should do things step by step           B. why we should understand our desires
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Researchers Look Behind the Tears to Study Crying
Many people found themselves unusually moved by the historic presidential inauguration(就职演说)last week in Washington Watching the huge crowds，we saw laughter，cheers，hugs-but also many tears
It made us wonder,why dopeople cry?Surely tears must be good for us—away to calm the mind and cleanse the body．Yet studies show that crying sometimes makes people feel worse．
Three researchers in Florida and the Netherlands recently looked more deeply into the subject． They examined detailed descriptions ofcrying experiences．Psychologist Jonathan Rottenberg at the University of South Florida says they wanted to study crying as it happens in everyday life，not in a laboratory．
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But a third felt better after crying．And a majority reported the experience as helpful．
The research showed that people who cry alone may not do as well as those with others around． People who reached out for emotional support at the time-and received it-reported better results from the crying experience．
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Research has shown that women cry more of ten and more intensely than men．But it may not be to better effect，says the psychologist．The new findings，he says，did not show that a person’s sex was an advantage of beneficial crying．In other words，just because women cry more does not mean they are more likely to have a“good”cry．
The paper entitled”Is Crying Beneficial?”appeared in December in Current Directions in Psychological Scieflce And there is more to learn．Jonathan Rottenberg says the science ofcrying is still in its infancy．
57·Why did the author mention the presidential inauguration in Washington in the first paragraph?
A．Because he was impressed by the laughter,cheers，hugs and tears．
B．Because he wanted to introduce the topic about crying．
C．Because he wanted to show people’s dissatisfaction with the result．
D．Because it was the historic moment that many people cried
58．How did the researchers carry out the research?
A．They studied crying experiences not only in everyday life but also in labs．
B．They collected the crying experiences of the students at the colleges．
C They studied the crying experiences of grown-ups from various countries．
D．They noted their own crying experiencesand compared with others．
59．We can learn from the passage that_______．
A．it may be better to cry alone than with others around
B．some support from others may make crying helpful
C．women who cry more of ten may have better effects than men
D．the effects will be better if you feel shy while crying
60．The underlined phrase in the last paragraph probably means_______．
A．in the early stage B．in a secret state C．in the first place D in good condition

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