Short people, studies have shown , are more likely to have a stroke , suffer from high blood pressures and heart disease and be bullied in school .
Now, researchers report that short people—at least in the past—were also more likely to die at a younger age than their taller peers.
Their study, published in the Journal of Epidemiology (流行病学) and Community Health , found that short bones have something to do with short life for more than 1,000 years. The conclusion was based on 490 sets of adult skeletal(骨架) remains from an archaeological(考古学的) site in northeastern England , YC dating from the 9th century to about 1850 .
About 55% of men and 73% of women died before the age of 45, and 39% of men and 56% of women died before age 30. The risk of death before age 30 declined as bone length increased.
“This study provides evidence from an archaeological sample that long bone length is connected with age at death—those with smaller bones tend to die younger,” according to Dr. D.J. Gunnell of the university of Bristol in the UK and colleagues .
While it is not clear why short stature(身材) might be linked to earlier death , the researchers point out that height is an indicator of childhood nutrition, which may have long-lasting effect on health .
“Mechanism (身体结构) for height-mortality(死亡) associations in the past may differ from those today , for example , short stature may have increased the risk of death in childbirth and this may explain the higher risk of premature(未成熟的) mortality in women,” Gunnell and colleagues write .
“However, short bones, it would appear, have always been a marker of a short life,” the authors conclude.The title of the passage should be .
| A．Short people and their taller peers |
| B．Men and women |
| C．Short stature and short life |
| D．Long life and short life |
“An indicator” in Paragraph 6 means .
| A．a study | B．a marker | C．a risk | D．an age |
Which of the following statements is Not true according to the passage?
| A．People with smaller bones were more likely to die younger. |
| B．Women were more likely to die at a young age. |
| C．Short-stature women bear higher risk of death in giving birth to babies. |
| D．Most people were more likely to die at the age of 30 in the past. |
Short stature may be caused by .
| A．less childhood nutrition | B．heart disease |
| C．some illnesses | D．high blood pressure |
The topic in this passage is probably connected with
| A．space medicine | B．sports medicine |
| C．social medicine | D．industrial medicine |
The food we eat seems to have a great effect on our health. Although science has made big steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of human illness is related to food and forty percent of cancer is related to food as well. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, some researchers realized that things commonly used to keep colour in meats and other food additives（添加剂）caused cancer.
Yet, these additives remain in our food, and it is difficult to know which things on the wrappings（包装）of foods are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to their animals, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of cows. Sometimes similar things are supplied to animals not for their health, but just to make a profit.
The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to get a higher price on the market. Although some countries have tried to control such things, the practice continues.According to this passage, we can know .
| A．perhaps most of human illness is caused by what we eat |
| B．perhaps most kinds of cancer are related to what people eat |
| C．cancer was discovered in 1945 |
| D．science has made food unfit to eat |
Things that are used to keep colours in meats are .
| A．harmful | B．useless | C．helpless | D．dangerous |
All the additives .
| A．are bright and colourless |
| B．are not bright and colourful |
| C．have indirect effects on our health |
| D．have direct effects on our health |
People use additives .
| A．to make food more unfit to eat |
| B．to improve the colour and taste of the food |
| C．to change colour of the food |
| D．to take off the diseases of the food |
Which of the following is not true?
| A．Some wrappings of food are harmful. |
| B．Farmers try to make more money on the market by fattening their animals. |
| C．“The practice continues” means “things are still going on like that”. |
| D．We needn’t take care of what we eat. |
Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and even cancer.
Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Some burst with anger, and scream and yell (大叫). But others keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger.
For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person's health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hormones . They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etc. In general the person feels excited and ready to act.
Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure.
Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, "Do not express your anger while angry. Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably."
Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger. "Damaging emotion" means that _____________.
| A．the emotion is harmless | B．the emotion is harmful |
| C．the feeling is very strong | D．the feeling is hard |
Which of the following statement is right?
| A．Were you angry, you would be cancered. |
| B．Once you are angry, you must be cancered. |
| C．Angry as you are often, you can't be cancered. |
| D．Anger may cause you to suffer from a cancer. |
Expressing anger violently ________ repressing it according to some scientists.
| A．is not as danger as | B．is more harmful than |
| C．is no better than | D．is much better than |
According to the author, you'd better __________
| A．never be angry |
| B．cool down your anger before you express it |
| C．laugh and laugh when you get angry |
| D．admit you are wrong when you are angry |
What is the passage mainly about?
| A．The types of anger. | B．How to release anger. |
| C．Causes of anger. | D．The damage to health caused by being angry. |
The easy way out isn't always easiest. I learned that lesson when I decided to treat Doug, my husband of one month, to a special meal. I glanced through my cookbook and chose a menu which included homemade bread. Knowing the bread would take time, I started on it as soon as Doug left for work. As I was not experienced in cooking, I thought if a dozen was good, two dozen would be better, so I doubled everything. As Doug loved oranges, I also opened a can of orange and poured it all into the bowl. Soon there was a sticky dough (面团) covered with ugly yellowish marks . Realizing I had been defeated, I put the dough in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldn't have to face Doug laughing at my work. I went on preparing the rest of the meal and, when Doug got home, we sat down to Cornish chicken with rice. He tried to enjoy the meal but seemed disturbed. Twice he got up and went outside, saying he thought he heard a noise. The third time he left, I went to the windows to see what he was doing. Looking out, I saw Doug standing about three feet from the rubbish bin, holding the lid up with a stick and looking into the container. When I came out of the house, he dropped the stick and explained that there was something alive in our rubbish bin. Picking up the stick again, he held the lid up enough for me to see. I felt cold. But I stepped closer and looked harder. Without doubt it was my work. The hot sun had caused the dough to double in size and the fermenting yeast (酵母) made the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing . I had to admit what the "living thing" was and why it was there. I don't know who was more embarrassed by the whole thing--- Doug or me.The writer's purpose in writing this story is ________.
| A．to tell an interesting experience |
| B．to show the easiest way out of a difficulty |
| C．to describe the trouble facing a newly married woman |
| D．to explain the difficulty of learning to cook from books |
Why did the woman's attempt at making the bread turn out to be unsuccessful?
| A．The canned orange had gone bad. | B．She didn't use the right kind of flour. |
| C．The cookbook was hard to understand. | D．She did not follow the directions closely. |
Why did the woman put the dough in the rubbish bin?
| A．She didn't see the use of keeping it |
| B．She meant to joke with her husband. |
| C．She didn't want her husband to see it. |
| D．She hoped it would soon dry in the sun. |
What made the dough in the bin look frightening?
| A．The rising and falling movement. | B．The strange-looking marks. |
| C．Its shape. | D．Its size. |
When Doug went out the third time, the woman looked out of the window because she was_____.
| A．surprised at his being interested in the bin |
| B．afraid that he would discover her secret |
| C．unhappy that he didn't enjoy the meal |
| D．curious to know what disturbed him |
It was a winter morning，just a couple of weeks before Christmas of 2005. While most people were warming up their cars，Trevor，my husband，had to get up early to ride his bike four kilometers away from home to work. On arrival，he parked his bike outside the back door as he usually does. After putting in 10 hours of labor, he returned to find his bike gone.
The bike，a black Kona 18 Speed，was our only transport. Trevor used it to get to work，putting in 60-hour weeks to support his young family. And the bike was also used to get foods, saving us from having to walk along long distances from where we live.
I was so sad that someone would steal our bike that I wrote to the newspaper and told them our story. Shortly after that，several people in our area offered to help. One wonderful stranger even bought a bike，then called my husband to pick it up. Once again my husband had a way to get to and from his job. It really is an honor that a complete stranger would go out of their way for someone they have never met before.
People say that a smile can be passed from one person to another，but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so. This experience has had a spreading effect in our lives because it made us believe more in the beauty of humanity (人性) as a whole. And it has influenced us to be more mindful of ways we，too，can share with others. No matter how big or how small，an act of kindness shows that someone cares. And the results can last forever.Why was the bike so important to the couple？
| A．They used it for work and daily life. |
| B．It was their only possessions（财产）. |
| C．It was a nice Kona 18 Speed. |
| D．The man’s job was bike racing. |
We can infer from the passage that __________.
| A．the couple worked 60 hours a week |
| B．people were busy before Christmas |
| C．the stranger brought over the bike |
| D．life was hard for the young family |
How did people get to know the couple’s problem？
| A．From a stranger |
| B．From a newspaper |
| C．From TV news |
| D．From radio broadcasts |
What do the couple learn from their experience？
| A．Strangers are usually little helpful. |
| B．One should take care of their bike. |
| C．News reports make people famous. |
| D．An act of kindness can mean a lot. |
From this story，we can see humanity is __________.
| A．selfish | B．useful | C．kind | D．cold-hearted |
The key to reaching or staying at a healthy weight is regular exercise and good eating habits. Teens should get 60 minutes or more of physical activity a day. Note the word “activity”. As long as you’re getting your body moving, it doesn’t have to mean doing complicated exercises or going to the gym (体育馆) every day. All that matters is that each week you get the right balance of activity, including aerobic (有氧健身法的) strength building, and flexibility (柔韧性) exercise. Make exercise a habit by scheduling some every day.On days when you have soccer practice or an aerobics class, you may have no trouble exercising for an hour or more. But most of us are busy, and 60 minutes a day of activity seems like a lot of time. The good news is that it’s OK to divide it into shorter “exercise breaks” throughout the day. Just as you might have a healthy snack to stop yourself getting hungry, exercise snacks can keep energy level high. So get up 15 minutes earlier and do some yoga or other stretching (伸展) activity. Fast walk or jog (慢跑) for 15 minutes at lunch. Do the same thing after school or walk or bike home. Add to that taking the stairs, gym class, and walking between classes during the day, and you’ve probably reached your 60 minutes.Here are 5 simple ways to make an exercise lifestyle change:1. Start today. Go outside for a walk.2. Take the stairs instead of the elevator.3. Instead of driving, walk or bike to places like school or a friend’s house.4. Clean your room or wash the car.5. Limit your time watching TV, using the computer, or playing video games--and when you do play, try some games that get you moving. The underlined phrase “exercise snacks” in the second paragraph probably means ________.
| A．food eaten before exercise |
B．food eaten during exercise |
C．shorter “exercise breaks” |
D．a new kind of exercise |
Why should we have exercise snacks every day?
A．Because they can stop us getting hungry |
B．Because they can keep energy level high |
C．Because they can include many kinds of sports |
D．Because they are more likely to relate to our daily life |
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
| A．To go hiking on your holidays |
B．To spend less time on computer games |
C．To go to school on foot or by bike |
D．To do some housework at home |
What will be most probably discussed in the following paragraph?
| A．Losing weight | B．Good eating habits |
C．Exercising your brain | D．Outdoors exercise |
What would be the best title for this passage?
| A．Regular exercise | B．School exercise |
C．Indoors exercise | D．Difficult exercises |
粤公网安备 44130202000953号