Historically, the term “fair trade” has meant many things. The Fair Trade League was 1 in Britain in 1881 to restrict 2 from foreign countries. In the United States, businesses and labor unions 3 “fair trade” laws to construct what economist Joseph Stiglitz calls “barriers to imports.” These so called “anti-dumping(反倾销)” laws allow a company that 4 a foreign one of selling a product below cost to request that the government charge special taxes to protect it from “unfair” 5 .
Such dark protectionist thoughts are far from the 6 of the organizers of the United Kingdom’s annual “Fairtrade Fortnight”. Their 7 aim is to raise the price paid to developing-country farmers for their 8 by cutting out the inflated profits of the middlemen on whom they 9 for getting their goods to distant markets. Fair-trade products 10 cocoa, coffee, tea, and bananas do not compete with domestic European production, and 11 do not have a protectionist motive(动机).
This is how it works: In 12 for being paid a guaranteed price and meeting “agreed labor and environmental standards” (minimum wages, no farm chemicals ), poor-country farming cooperatives(合作社) receive a FAIRTRADE mark for their products, given 13 by the FAIRTRADE Labeling Organization. This mark 14 supermarkets and other businesses to sell the products at a higher than 15 price . Third-world farmers get their income increased , 16 first-world consumers get to feel virtuous: a marriage made in heaven.
The fair-trade movement, 17 in the 1980’s, has been growing rapidly. In a significant breakthrough in 1997, the British House of Commons 18 to serve only fair-trade coffee. By the end of 2007, more than 600 producers’ organizations, 19 1.4 million farmers in 58 countries, were selling fair-trade products. Today, a quarter of all bananas in UK supermarkets are sold under a FAIRTRADE mark. But FAIRTRADE-labeled products still represent a very 20 share – typically less than 1% – of global sales of cocoa, tea, coffee, etc.
A．discovered B．founded C．encouraged D．promoted
A．imports B．exports C．output D．trade
A．disobey B．break C．use D．study
A．suspects B．needs C．wants D．advertises
A．agreement B．contract C．game D．competition
A．worries B．minds C．comments D．projects
A．educational B．political C．worthy D．immediate
A．favour B．benefit C．interest D．produce
A．depend B．spend C．look D．apply
A．as B．like C．with D．for
A．instead B．otherwise C．therefore D．anyhow
A．fear B．store C．preparation D．exchange
A．secretly B．publicly C．officially D．successfully
A．urges B．enables C．orders D．forces
A．normal B．potential C．lowest D．best
A．when B．while C．as D．but
A．launched B．arranged C．invented D．developed
A．wanted B．refused C．had D．decided
A．telling B．representing C．Choosing D．receiving
A．small B．little C．good D．large
On a warm Monday, Jenny Neilson bought a sandwich and parked her car under some trees. Rolling down the windows to in fresh air, she settled back to enjoy her lunch. Suddenly she a big bald（秃顶的）man running through the parking lot. Before she came to what would happen, the man was there, shouting through her window, “Get out!”
Neilson .
Pulling open her door, the man seized her the neck and hair, and threw her out of the car onto the ground. She screamed, her purse and the keys.
Two reporters of the local newspaper, Robert Bruce and Jeff Jackson, just outside their office building on a , heard the screams and began running .
When they Neilson’s car, the attacker had jumped into the driver’s seat and was searching for the keys. Bruce opened the door, and he and Jackson dragged the man out. The attacker back. But even in his cornered panic, he was no for the two athletic men.
Reggie Miller, a worker of the local newspaper, heard the screams, too. He rushed back to the office to the police, and then ran back with some plastic ropes —— used to tie up newspapers.
With his arms tightly behind him, the prisoner looked up and said , “I hope you guys feel good about yourselves—— you just caught one of the most wanted men.” They him and waited for the police.
Later, Bruce and Jackson were shocked to learn the man was the carjacker （劫车者）and suspected murderer, whose —— but with a full head of hair—— had been recently printed in their own newspaper.
Neilson considers herself lucky she suffered injuries. She believes the story might have had a ending if those good people had not come to her aid. “Unfortunately,” she says, “many people would have done what they did, and that’s the real truth.”
A．bring B．let C．gather D．send
A．recognized B．watched C．noticed D．met
A．realize B．understand C．imagine D．conclude
A．escaped B．struggled C．refused D．obeyed
A．by B．around C．with D．on
A．burying B．forgetting C．offering D．grabbing
A．trip B．visit C．break D．holiday
A．started B．stopped C．entered D．reached
A．carefully B．madly C．disappointedly D．patiently
A．fought B．turned C．jumped D．shouted
A．match B．target C．equal D．companion
A．remind B．phone C．invite D．beg
A．rolled B．folded C．bent D．tied
A．angrily B．kindly C．coldly D．warmly
A．caught B．thanked C．comforted D．ignored
A．ordinary B．professional C．honest D．outstanding
A．picture B．background C．character D．story
A．and B．but C．though D．when
A．ridiculous B．similar C．strange D．different
A．sometimes B．never C．often D．forever
There is a sharing policy at my son's preschool．The policy is that a child can keep a toy as long as they want to．If another child wants the toy, they have to until the first child is done with it．We are “save” toys for the child if they have to go to the bathroom, or go to the snack table, etc．so that it won't be before they are done．This applies to anything in the school that can be , including swings（秋千）and monkey bars．
That is the that all the kids know, so they don't feel uncomfortable when you tell them, “You can have it was Sally Joe is done．” But I've been noticing a totally different attitude towards in other places where I go．Gradually（逐渐地）, I'm starting to why the rule of the school is important．Here is a（n） of sharing practices that I've seen lately．My good friend and her were at the park one day．He had a small car from home to play with．Another child, a lot bit , wanted to play with the car and was demanding that my friend's son him the car．A typical little boy fighting started．I stopped them ．I heard the other mother told her son angrily, “I guess his mom didn't him how to share”, which I don't think so．
I think that it is to teach a child that he should have something that someone else has, simply because he wants it． it belongs to someone else, not yours．If you want to share his, “No” is a perfectly response, unless he's ready to share with you or you it with something．Even if it is something public, when another is playing it, you should wait for your politely．Therefore, how to share and how to treat it are important．
A．see B．wait C．say D．cry
A．ever B．yet C．even D．also
A．Taken B．studied C．damaged D．improved
A．covered up B．made up C．dealt with D．played with
A．difficulty B．growth C．rule D．answer
A．finally B．immediately C．Rarely D．recently
A．working B．helping C．sharing D．supporting
A．understand B．wonder C．decide D．suggest
A．way B．example C．step D．idea
A．son B．daughter C．sister D．brother
A．brought B．borrowed C．sent D．picked
A．cooler B．older C．slower D．cleverer
A．make B．buy C．give D．promise
A．strangely B．happily C．heavily D．hurriedly
A．ask B．control C．teach D．force
A．necessary B．harmful C．special D．powerful
A．Imagine B．Guess C．Doubt D．Remember
A．wrong B．hard C．normal D．great
A．develop B．fill C．compare D．exchange
A．use B．turn C．chance D．Result
完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The is that countries around the world have growing mountains of because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.
How did we a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to an object than to spend time and money to repair it. modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and .
Another cause is our of disposable (一次性的) products. As people, we are always looking for to save time and make our lives easier. Companies thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.
Our appetite for new products also to the problem. We are buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we useful possessions to make room for new ones.
All around the world, we can see the of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To the amount of rubbish and to protect the , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. , this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.
Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
A．key B．reason C．project D．problem
A．gifts B．rubbish C．debt D．products
A．face B．become C．observe D．change
A．hide B．control C．replace D．withdraw
A．Thanks to B．As to C．Except for D．Regardless of
A．safe B．funny C．cheap D．powerful
A．love B．lack C．prevention D．division
A．sensitive B．kind C．brave D．busy
A．ways B．places C．jobs D．friends
A．donate B．receive C．produce D．preserve
A．adapts B．returns C．responds D．contributes
A．tired of B．addicted to C．worried about D．ashamed for
A．newer B．stronger C．higher D．larger
A．pick up B．pay for C．hold onto D．throw away
A．advantages B．purposes C．functions D．consequences
A．show B．record C．decrease D．measure
A．technology B．environment C．consumers D．brands
A．However B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．Meanwhile
A．by B．in favour of C．after D．instead of
A．spending B．collecting C．repairing D．Advertising
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My husband and I insisted that our children were old enough to clean their rooms and make their beds. But they thought . My complaints, even self-justified shouting, were always landing on ears. Very often a whole hour’s scolding would end with their into tears, I felt very frustrated. I realized I needed to my method of “mothering”.
One day when they were at school, I spent some time their rooms. On their desks, in plain , I left the cards: “Dear Bill (the other card was to Sarah), your room was messy this morning and I’m sure you like it clean. Love, the Room Fairy.” arriving back, the children were excited to receive the little note from the Room Fairy. The next day, their rooms were fairly tidy. Sure enough, there was another note from the Room Fairy __ for them, thanking them for their nice “gift” of a clean room and asking them to play a certain violin . Each day, thank--you notes would be written differently to keep the ideas .
Sometimes the Room Fairy would propose a little : “If you can finish your homework and your lessons before dinner, I’ d like to watch a particular television program with you tonight.” Sometimes some colored markers or other little items would be left in of well done jobs the day .
I can’t remember how long “the Room Fairy” continued leaving her love notes. When they were age appropriate, we used various versions of Post-Its(贴条). The bathroom mirror became the centre of our home. Appointments, notices about visiting relatives, lesson schedules, and changes in plans could be posted.
We all benefited from and the idea of sharing reminders and daily details of life through notes. I believe the true advantage of the Room Fairy notes survives in our frequent and enjoyable communication.
A．indifferently B．gratefully C．doubtfully D．otherwise
A．side B．deaf C．neither D．either
A．crying B．breaking C．bursting D．bumping
A．adjust B．adopt C．access D．addict
A．clearing B．tidying C．emptying D．searching
A．distance B．words C．speech D．sight
A．sent B．read C．delivered D．addressed
A．As B．At C．In D．Upon
A．more than B．rather than C．no more than D．other than
A．asking B．waiting C．praying D．expecting
A．politely B．happily C．gently D．toughly
A．music B．song C．piece D．tone
A．respectable B．uninteresting C．incredible D．fresh
A．challenge B．question C．suggestion D．advice
A．go with B．look up C．go over D．look into
A．response B．answer C．praise D．honor
A．ahead B．before C．over D．ago
A．Actually B．Even so C．Even if D．Though
A．life B．main C．memory D．reminder
A．learned B．appreciated C．shared D．Thanked
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Dear Seth,
You are only three years old, and at this point in your life you can not read, much less understand what I’m going to tell you in this letter. But I’ve been thinking a lot about the life that you have _______ you, about my life so far as I _________ on what I’ve learned, and about my role as a dad in trying to prepare you for the _______ that you will face in the coming years.
Be thankful. You are at a wonderful _______ of life. You still have many wonderful stages of life, but they are not without costs and ________. I hope to help you along your path by sharing some of the best of ________ I’ve learned. As with any advice, take it with a grain of ________. What works for me _____ not work for you.
Life can be cruel. There will be people in your life ______ won’t be very nice. They’ll laugh at you because you’re different, or for no good ________. They might try to bully you ________ hurt you.
There’s not much you can do about these people except ________ to deal with them, and learn to choose friends who are kind to you, who _________ care about you and who make you feel good about yourself. When you find friends like this,________ them, treasure them, spend time with them, be kind to them and love them.
There will be _______ when you meet with disappointment instead of success. Life won’t always ________ the way you want. This is just another thing you’ll have to learn to deal with. But instead of letting these things get you down, push on, _______ disappointment and learn to persevere and to pursue your dreams _______ pitfalls. Learn to turn negatives into positives, and you will do much better in _______. You will also face heartbreak and abandonment by those you love. I hope you don’t have to face this too much, but it happens. Again, there is not much you can do but to heal, and to move on with your life. Let these pains become stepping stones to better things in life, and learn to use them to make you ________.
A．regardless of B．ahead of C．at the back of D．in the form of
A．reflect B．rely C．depend D．insist
A．errors B．mistakes C．truths D．trails
A．crossing B．house C．stage D．office
A．challenges B．troubles C．difficulties D．risks
A．where B．which C．that D．what
A．rice B．salt C．corn D．wheat
A．must B．can C．might D．should
A．who B．whom C．while D．whose
A．consequence B．reason C．result D．cause
A．but B．though C．or D．otherwise
A．to learn B．learn C．learning D．learned
A．exactly B．entirely C．truly D．absolutely
A．tend to B．hold onto C．turn to D．lead to
A．days B．months C．time D．weeks
A．turn out B．turn up C．turn on D．lead to
A．avoid B．reject C．refuse D．accept
A．against B．despite C．within D．beyond
A．life B．study C．career D．family
A．richer B．kinder C．cleverer D．stronger
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