Fish have different personalities which change as they experience life’s highs and lows．according to British biologists．
Researchers identified different“personalities” in their fish by observing the boldness or shyness of individuals，according to The Nature．Like people，some fish are very confident in the face of novelty(新奇事物)or conflict；while others are silent and fear．
The scientists selected particularly bold and shy rainbow trout，and tested whether they changed their outlook depending on what life threw at them．They arranged some fish to fight and others to watch to see how both the participants and observers responded to victories and defeats．Winning or losing a fight，or even watching fellow fish overcome the difficulties influenced the future behavior of the creatures studied in the lab．
The researchers made fish compete with much larger or smaller opponents．to ensure that they would win or lose their fights．These bold fish that won their fights tended to be even bolder when later presented with a novel food item；losing their fight caused them to be much more cautious．
Fish also learn by watching others．Bold fish watching a shy fish exploring a mystery object were much more nervous when later given a novelty item for themselves．
Predictably，shy fish that won a fight also gained more confidence，but surprisingly，shy fish that lost their fights also grew bolder when exploring strange new food，Sneddon said，adding that this could be due to what she calls a“desperado effect”(亡命徒效应)．
The new research suggests that animals can gradually adapt their personalities．The results echo the effects that life experience can have on human．What does．the underlined word“creatures’’probably refer to?
| A．Fish． | B．Participants． | C．Observers． | D．Researchers． |
The third paragraph of the text is mainly about—————．
| A．a conclusion of the research |
| B．an explanation of fish characters |
| C．a statement of the experiment |
| D．a description of fish fights |
What can we know from the research?
| A．Bold losing fish become—e bolder when presented With a novel food item． |
| B．Losing their fights causes the bold fish to be much more courageous． |
| C．Bold fish watching a shy fish exploring a mystery get less nervous． |
| D．Shy fish losing fights grow more confident in exploring new food． |
What’s the main idea of the text?’
| A．Fish have stress in the fierce fights． |
| B．Fish care about winning or losing a fight． |
| C．Fish have adaptable personalities． |
| D．Fish can learn a lot by watching others． |
Shanghai-More Shanghai people are renting cars to travel over the coming National Day holiday, Tom reported today.
Most cars in large local car-rental companies such as Yongda, Anji and Dazhong are leased so far with the Buick Sport Utility Vehichle (SUV) in high demand.
Santana and Jetta were previously the most popular car models rented by Shanghai people for travel, while the high-end Buick models have generated great interest among locals renting cars these years. However, the rent on a Buick GL or GS model is between 650 yuan and 750 yuan a day, nearly double those of the Santana and Jetta cars.
Compared with Santana, Buick looks better, has greater capabilities and is safer and more comfortable, said a car leaser. “I don’t mind paying a higher cost for a Buick to enjoy the holiday,” he said.
SUV cars are very popular in the car renting market, according to some car rental firms.
“All the 31 Buick GL8SUV cars were leased out several days ago,” said an employee with the Shanghai Yongda Car Rental Co.
local people are more inclined (倾向于) to go travel with groups of friends, so SUV cars are a better choice, said an industry analyst (分析家). Moreover, SUV car are safer on rugged and rough roads, the analyst said.
According to the data, most people rented cars for seven days; a less number rented them for two or three days.What’s the best title for the passage ?
| A．How Shanghai People Spend Their Holidays |
| B．Why So Many Shanghai People Rented Cars for Holidays |
| C．More Shanghai Rent Cars for Holidays |
| D．Shanghai Rent SUV Instead of Santana and Jetta |
According to the passage we can see SUV is ________.
| A．the name of a car-rental company |
| B．the name of an expensive car |
| C．the name of an ordinary car |
| D．the place for the holiday |
At present for how much money can you rent a Santana or Jetta for a day ?
| A．Between 650 yuan and 750 yuan. |
| B．Between 350 yuan and 380 yuan. |
| C．About 450 yuan. |
| D．Less than 300 yuan. |
Why do many people choose SUV cars for their holidays ?
| A．Because they are cheaper. |
| B．Because they are convenient on rugged and rough roads. |
| C．Only because they can run on bugged and tough roads. |
| D．Because no Santana and Jetta can be rented now. |
The way people hold to the belief that a fun - filled, pain free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.
As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment （预担的义务）, self - improvement.
Ask a bachelor（单身汉） why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.
Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three - day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because ________ .
| A．he is reluctant to take on family responsibilities |
| B．he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains single |
| C．he finds more fun in dating than in marriage |
| D．he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement |
Raising children, in the author’s opinion is ________ .
| A．a moral duty | B．a thankless job |
| C．a rewarding task | D．a source of inevitable pain |
From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from ________ .
| A．hatred | B．misunderstanding | C．prejudice | D．ignorance |
To understand what true happiness is one must ________ .
| A．have as much fun as possible during one’s lifetime |
| B．make every effort to liberate oneself from pain |
| C．put up with pain under all circumstances |
| D．be able to distinguish happiness from fun |
What is the author trying to tell us?
| A．Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain． |
| B．One must know how to attain happiness. |
| C．It is important to make commitments. |
| D．It is pain that leads to happiness. |
America is growing older. Fifty - eight years ago, only 4 out of every 100 people in the United States were 10 or older. To day, 10 out of every 100 Americans are over 10. The aging of the population will affect（影响）American society in many ways—education, medicine, and business. Quietly, the graying of America has made us a very different society—one in which people have a quite different idea of what kind of behavior（行为） is suitable（合适）at various , ages.
A person s age no longer tells you anything about his/her social position, marriage or health. There’s no longer a particular year in which one goes to school or goes to work or gets married or starts a family. The social clock that kept us on time and told us when to go to school, get a job, or stop working isn’t as strong as it used to be. It doesn’t surprise us to hear of a 29 - year - old university president or a 35 - year -old grandmother, or a 15 year - old man who has become a father for the first time. Public ideas are changing.
Many people say, “I am much younger than my mother— or my father— was at my age. ”No one says“Act your age” any more. We’ve stopped looking with surprise at older people who act in youthful ways.
12．It can be learnt from the text that the aging of the population in America ________ .
A. has made people feel younger B. has changed people’s social position
C. has changed people’s understanding of age D. has slowed down the country’s social development
13．The underlined word “one”refers to ________ .
A. a society B. America C. a place D. population
14．” Act your age” means people should ________ .
A. be active when they are old
B. do the right thing at the right age
C. show respect for their parents young or old
D. take more physical exercise suitable to their age
15．If a 25 - year - old man becomes general manager of a big firm, the writer of the text would most probably consider it ________ .
A. normal B. wonderful C. unbelievable D. unreasonable
The following are four forms about medicine. How to use the medicine is very important. Never take any by mistake.
1）Take the medicine with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For further night - time and early morning, take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in 24 hours. For Children six to twelve years old, go to your doctor for advice. Reduce dosage if nervousness, restlessness or sleeplessness takes place.
2）Each pill of the medicine taken three times every day for fourteen years old. As usual, a pill 6∶00 a. m., before breakfast, one before 11∶00 and one before sleep. Not for children under six years old and old persons with heart attack.
3）The medicine for a person with a fever. Once two pills a day before sleep for adult. Not take the medicine without fever. Half for Children under 12 years old. Children with a high fever, go to see a doctor.
4）The medicine taken three times a day, once five pills for adult with a cold. Half of the pills for children 10 years old. Take the medicine before breakfast, lunch, supper or before sleep.Obviously a kind of medicine can’t be proper for ________, judging from the information.
| A．children over twelve years old | B．some old persons with a fever |
| C．some old persons with heart attack | D．neither adults nor heart attack |
When a person has a cold, he had better ________ .
| A．have about more than fourteen pills a day | B．have twice a day |
| C．have four times a day | D．have nine pills a day |
How many kinds of medicine are used for the children six years old?
| A．All of them． | B．Three kinds of medicine. |
| C．Two kinds of medicine. | D．Almost not any medicine. |
Some researchers claim that people´s personalities can be classified by their blood types.If you have blood type O, you are a leader. When you see something you want, you strive to achieve your goal. You are passionate, loyal, and self-confident, and you are often a trendsetter. Your enthusiasm for projects and goals spreads to others who happily follow your lead. When you want something, you may be ruthless about getting it or blind to how your actions affect others. Another blood type, A, is a social, “people” person. You like people and work well with them. You are sensitive, patient, compassionate, and affectionate. You are a good peacekeeper because you want everybody to be happy. In a team situation, you resolve conflicts and keep things on a smooth course. Sometimes type As are stubborn and find it different to relax. They may also find it uncomfortable to do things alone.
People with type B blood are usually individualists who like to do things on their own. You may be creative and adaptable, and you usually say exactly what you mean. Also you can adapt to situations, you may not choose to do so because of your strong independent streak. You may prefer working on your own to being part of a team. The final blood type is type AB. If you have AB blood, you are a natural entertainer. You draw people to your because of your charm and easygoing nature. ABs are usually calm and controlled, tactful and fair. On the downside, though, they may take too long to make decisions. And they may procrastinate, putting off tasks until the last minute.
People with type O will do the following things except____.
| A．direct a board | B．burn the night´s oil |
| C．be considerate | D．self-oriented |
Which of the following is not the feature of type A?
| A．Stubborn. | B．Sensitive. | C．Reserved. | D．Patient. |
What is Not true to type B?
| A．He likes to work by himself. | B．He doesn’t think much before he speaks. |
| C．He has many original ideas. | D．He cannot fit in with the environment. |
The best profession for a type AB is ____.
| A．Musician | B．Peacekeeper | C．Actor | D．Spokesman |
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