Entering a university is an important part of a person’s life. Today, many people go to study and train for a future job in subjects like law (法律), medicine or education. But the university is not a modern invention. It has a history that is over a thousand years.
The world’s oldest university, AL-Azhar, is in Cario, Egypt. It was first built as a mosque for religion (宗教寺院) in A.D.972. A few years later, learners and teachers began meeting in the mosque. They read and talked about the subject of law. Around 988, leaders in the city of Cario decided to open up a school for higher learning and the University of AL-Azhar was founded.
At AL-Azhar, there were many university ‘firsts’. Different subjects were set up. The earliest ones taught at AL-Azhar were in law and religion. In a course, students read and studied with the teacher, but there was also free discussion. Often, students and teachers talked about a topic (题目), and there was no ‘right’ answer. Finally, famous teachers from around the world came to AL-Azhar to teach and do deep studies on the subjects they were interested in. At the university, people studied the past, but it was also a place for exchanging new ideas. 
Over a thousand years later, AL-Azhar is still an important university in the world. Its library keeps more than 250,000 of the world’s oldest and most valuable (有价值的) books. Today, many of the world’s most important universities such as Oxford and Harvard still follow the traditions started at AL-Azhar.From the first paragraph（段落） we know that _________.
| A．universities are important to the city life |
| B．the university is a quite new invention |
| C．university education may help a person find law。 |
| D．the university has a history of more than a thousand years |
AL-Azhar was first built for _______.
| A．education | B．religion | C．a meeting | D．law |
Which of the following are the earliest subjects taught in the University of AL-Azhar?
| A．Education and medicine. | B．Religion and law. |
| C．Free discussion. | D．History and tradition. |
Which of the following is not true about the University of AL-Azhar?
| A．AL-Azhar was built in the city of Cario in Egypt. |
| B．AL-Azhar didn’t become a university until the years around 988. |
| C．The University of AL-Azhar was a place to read books. |
| D．Now AL-Azhar is still one of the famous universities in the world. |
The following points are provided for you to think of your life and you are expected to be a better one.
·Get to know yourself.
Discover the real you. Don’t accept the role which doesn’t belong to you. You have your own path to follow. Be your own independent person. Refuse extra pressure that makes you into a role you dislike.
·Own your power.
Accept full responsibility(责任) for your life. Don’t live as a sheep or a victim. Stop giving away your power. You must accept that you’re the creator(创造者) of your life and that no one is coming to rescue(解救) you.
·Find your voice.
Build your courage to express yourself. Speak your truth. You deserve to be heard. Ask for what you want. You can’t expect others to be mind-readers. You teach others how you want to be treated.
·Keep your heart open.
How badly you may have been hurt before. Keep your heart open. You are stronger than you think. You are here to express love, not to live in the fear.
·Become wise.
Keep learning and growing. In the long run, if you are wise, you can meet your own needs and also can help others.
To be yourself
| Suggestions |
Details |
| Get to know yourself. |
·Discover the real you. ·Follow your own mind. ·Don’t |
| Own your power. |
·Accept full responsibility. ·Stop giving away your power. · |
| Find your own voice. |
·Express yourself truly. ·Don’t be |
| Keep your heart open. |
·Don’t keep your heart |
| Become wise. |
·Keep learning and growing. ·Help others with your |
“In my day, we had to walk a mile to school—uphill, both ways.” That may sound like an old joke. Today, only 13 percent of kids walk to school, down from 66 percent 30 years ago.
Studies show that fewer children are walking and biking to school, and more children are at risk of becoming overweight. Changing behaviors of children and parents require creative ways that are safe and fun.
A walking school bus can be both.
It works like a bus, picking up ‘passengers’ along the way at designated(指定的) ‘bus stops’ except everyone is walking!
The Walking School Bus works as a supervised group of children walking to and from school along a safe and enjoyable set route. There are at least two parents in a group. One parent ‘drives’ at the front of the bus, while the other parent supervises at the back. The same of different supervisors go with the children to and from school. Additional(增加的) parents may be needed depending on the walking environment.
The ‘bus’ can go as often as parents want to ‘drive’ it and children want to use it. This means that it can even work as little as one morning or afternoon each week. All children are welcome to join the bus even if their parents cannot be drivers. And the service is free.
Socially, it’s great because the children meet other children, otherwise they would only know by sight.
“My children have formed some good friendships because of the Walking Bus. The parents get to know other parents too!” a parent said. “From our experience of the Walking Bus, it has only been a meaningful thing. It gets all of us walking more and the children do not complain about walking like they used to. ”
Some kids said compared to walking school bus, it’s boring in a car when they were asked why not get into a car.
Besides these, it might have a good effect on heavy traffic.
| A．66 percent. | B．13 percent. | C．30 percent. | D．53 percent. |
| A．controlled | B．explored | C．required | D．improved |
| A．make more friends | B．reduce the risk of being overweight |
| C．exercise more | D．complain about walking |
| A．A new way to exercise | B．A new school bus |
| C．A walking school bus | D．Parents’ driving school bus |
Whatever the situation, you need to understand gestures(手势). Many gestures that we use are universal(通用的). Some of them can create wrong meanings to others. Using the wrong gesture could get you into trouble when you communicate with foreigners. Be careful with these gestures：
The ‘thumb up’ sign—In Italy, Germany and Greece, this sign simply means the number one. In Russia the meaning of this expression is ‘good’ or ‘well done’. In Egypt and Iraq, it means perfect or very good. It is widely used between people. But in Iran it is traditionally an obscene(不正经的) gesture.
The ‘OK’ sign—Often used to mean agreement, but it is considered rude in Brazil, southern Italy, Germany and Greece. In Japan, this gesture is a sign of money. In southern France it is used to show that something is worthless.
The victory sign—With the index finger and middle finger rose to form a V. It means victory or peace. Be careful about using it in Britain, however, if the palm is facing toward you, the gesture is considered obscene.
Snapping your fingers(打响指)—Some might use this gesture to get someone’s attention. In France and Belgium it sends a bad message. You would never snap your fingers to get a waiter’s attention.
Hands in the pockets—This is commonly seen in daily life. In Finland, Sweden, France, Belgium, Indonesia and Japan, putting your hands in your pockets would be considered impolite in a business meeting.
The meaning of gestures is not universal. Use these tips to prevent a cultural misunderstand. When in doubt, the best advice would be to ‘keep your hands to yourself.’
| A．In Italy. | B．In Russia. | C．In Egypt. | D．In Iran. |
| A．you can use the ‘OK’ sign |
| B．you can’t put your hands in the pockets |
| C．you can’t snap your fingers |
| D．you can use your fingers to form a V |
| A．The ‘OK’ sign. | B．The victory sign. |
| C．Snapping your fingers. | D．Hands in the pockets. |
It may be the happiest place on Earth, but the Magic Kingdom has become a little more restrictive(限制的) for the children hoping to enjoy Disney’s US parks on their own. Beginning on March 23 of this year, anyone under the age of 14 must go there with someone over 14. If a worker who works at the front gates sees a child who looks younger than 14 without a person who looks older than that, he will have a talk with the tourist. If he is sure the tourist is under 14, his parents will be contacted to pick them up.
Before this, Disney did not have any age restrictions(限制) for tourists. The new rule was set up after Disney conducted a survey of its tourists and contacted various child welfare association(福利机构). They both thought it was necessary to have the age requirement. The American Red Cross suggested that 14 is the minimum(最小的) age for babysitters(保姆).
News of the age restriction comes nearly a week. A child on vacation with his father and mother fell into a pool and died at Disneyland Pop Century Resort(度假村). Anthory Johnson was swimming in the hotel pool with a group of children including his little brother and a cousin at about 9:30 pm when the accident happened. Witnesses said the teen was playing in the water on Sunday evening without family members. A cousin found him under water around 9:10 pm and told others in the group who pulled him out of water. Orange Country Sheriff’s officials said after Anthony was taken to nearby hospital, he died several days later.
| A．By contacting with his parents. |
| B．By seeing if the child comes on his own. |
| C．By seeing if the child comes with his parents. |
| D．By looking at the child’s appearance and talking with him. |
| A．14 is the minimum age for babysitters. |
| B．Children like to play in Disney’s US parks with their parents. |
| C．Tourists think it’s necessary to have the age requirement. |
| D．A child on vacation with his parents died in a pool at Disney’s Pop Century Resort. |
| A．The happiest place for children. |
| B．A new rule of age requirement about children who go to Disneyland. |
| C．A survey of age requirement about children who go to Disneyland. |
| D．A child who fell into a pool and died at Disneyland. |
If they eat up their food, students can collect coupons(优惠券) and exchange them for small gifts, such as books, magazines, mobile phone covers and hand warmers.
“It’s been such a surprise,” said Liang zhaoyun,19, a student at a university in Shanghai, “It has given us one more motivation to finish our food.”
The measure is part of a national “eat-up” campaign(行动) which is organized by students to deal with food waste on campuses(校园).
Why only on campuses? You might ask. Because according to a report by Xinhua News Agency, students waste twice as much food as the national average(平均).
The campaign on campus food waste is receiving attention across the country.
“The aim of the campaign is not only to encourage students to finish their food. We hope it can also encourage students to choose a more environment –friendly and healthy lifestyle,” said Tao Siliang, Secretary of the Youth League Committee at Shanghai University.
Some school food is poorly prepared, so students do not like to finish it all. Some schools have taken notice of this and they are taking measures to improve it.
“I’m glad that we’ve reduced food waste since the ‘eat-up’ campaign began. But if we call on students to waste less food, we should also improve the service and food standard on campuses.” said Tao.From Paragraph1, we know that the students will get a coupon .
| A．when they eat school food | B．after they exchange gifts |
| C．if they finish all their food | D．if they collect the waste |
The underlined word “motivation” in Paragraph 2 means “ ” in Chinese.
| A．动力 | B．机会 | C．试验 | D．条件 |
The “eat-up” campaign is carried out on campuses because .
| A．students get a good education | B．schools offer small gifts |
| C．students waste too much food | D．school food is more delicious |
The purpose of the campaign is mainly to .
| A．improve the school food standard |
| B．encourage a greener and healthier lifestyle |
| C．receive attention from the society |
| D．further improve the service in universities |
The best title for this passage may be .
| A．Enjoy Your Food | B．Reduce Waste on Campus |
| C．Meals in Universities | D．“Eat-up” Campaign on Campus |
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