500 years ago in Britain, the burning of coal (煤) was increasing in cities like London. Coal was used in factories and also used to heat homes. Coal, when burnt makes a lot of smoke, which makes the air very dirty.
About 200 years ago, the Industrial Revolution (工业革命) began in Britain. Factories were built, and even more coal was burnt. Air pollution was becoming a really big problem.
Smoke and fog together make smog (烟雾). Smog was a big problem in London's winter. Because of the cold weather, more coal was burnt to warm houses and this made more smoke.
When smog stayed over a city, it became really hard to breathe and see clearly. In 1952, the Great London Smog happened and more than 4,000 people died because of the smog.
New laws (法律) were made in 1956 and 1968 to stop such sad things from happening again. These laws were called the Clean Air Acts.
These laws were made so that air would become cleaner. The laws encouraged people to use less coal or switch to other fuels such as gas. Factories started using tall chimneys (烟囱) so that the smoke would go high up in the sky and no longer cover cities, and new factories were built in the countryside. Smog appeared less often and the air became cleaner.From the passage, we learn that smog was a big problem in ______ in London.
| A．spring | B．summer | C．autumn | D．winter |
The underlined words "switch to" mean "______" in Chinese.
| A．发明 | B．换用 | C．拒绝 | D．节省 |
Which was NOT a way people in Britain used to make the air cleaner, according to the passage?
| A．Factories built higher chimneys. |
| B．People began to use less coal. |
| C．More People began to ride bikes. |
| D．New factories were built outside cities. |
Which is the best title for the passage?
| A．Air Pollution in Britain in the Past. |
| B．How to Make the Air Cleaner. |
| C．Smog Is Bad for the Environment. |
| D．New Laws to Stop Air Pollution. |
Social customs (习俗) and ways of behaving change all the time. Things that were considered impolite many years ago are now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was considered to be impolite behavior for a man to smoke on the street. No man who thought of himself as being a gentleman would make a fool of himself by smoking when a lady was in the room.
Customs also differ from country to country. Does a man walk on the left or the right of a woman in your country? Or doesn’t matter? What about table manners (行为)?
The Americans and British people not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs. For example, in both America and England, people shake hands when they meet each other for the first time. Also most Englishmen will open a door for a woman or offer their seats to women, and so will most Americans. Promptness (准时) is important both in England and in America. That is, the dinner guest (客人) either arrive close to the time that has been made or calls up to explain his delay (耽误).
The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable —especially if they are your guests. There is an old story about a man who gave a very formal dinner party. When the food was served (服务), one of the guests started to eat his peas with a knife. The other guests were amused or greatly surprised, but the host calmly picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable.The underlined phrase “make a fool of himself” in the first paragraph means .
| A．make himself strong | B．make himself rich |
| C．make himself comfortable | D．make himself seemed like a fool |
If a dinner invitation is for six o’clock, the guest is supposed to arrive at six.
| A．nearly or a minute or two later than | B．a quarter past |
| C．a quarter to | D．much later than |
The last example in the passage shows .
| A．the correct way to use a knife at table |
| B．that it is good manners not to make your guest feel foolish or uncomfortable |
| C．that social customs and ways of behaving change too fast |
| D．that different counties have different customs |
The best title of the passage is .
| A．Different Customs | B．Social Customs |
| C．Customs Are Changing Fast | D．Different Countries, Different Customs |
Sometimes, even the best friends have fights. They disagree with each other and begin to argue. Sometimes, they even stop talking to each other. What can be done to help the two friends make up? Finding a good friend who knows both of them very well to be a peacemaker is a good way. Maybe one day you will be a peacemaker for your good friends. Here are some useful communication strategies for you to use.
State your feelings clearly but don’t criticize them. Begin with “I feel” instead of “You always…”.
Don’t stop or finish the other person’s sentences.
Listen carefully to what the other person is saying. Try to see the other person’s side of the disagreement.
Look the other person in the eyes when you are talking.
Ask questions to make sure that you understand them.
Repeat the other person’s ideas as you understand them.
Never put anyone down. Saying things like “You’re stupid” makes communication difficult.
Try to find a solution that makes the two friends happy. Never decide who is right and who is wrong. Instead, help them to find their own “win-win” solution. A “win-win” solution allows each of them to feel good. In this way, their friendship can be continued.Which of the following is the suitable language for a peacemaker?
| A．“I feel …” | B．“You always…” | C．“You are stupid.” | D．“You are wrong.” |
How should the peacemaker behave when talking with the two friends?
| A．Stop the other person’s sentences in time. |
| B．Repeat his own ideas to make himself understood. |
| C．Listen to the other person carefully and ask some questions. |
| D．Don’t look at the other when you are talking. |
What does the phrase “put anyone down” mean in the article?
| A．令人失望 | B．提醒人 | C．把人放下 | D．羞辱人 |
How do you understand a “win-win” solution?
| A．It is a way that helps make new friends. |
| B．It is a way that makes both people pleased. |
| C．It is a way that tells who is right and who is wrong. |
| D．It is a way to understand a person. |
Americans can travel almost anywhere they choose. But to protect (保护) its people, the government lists a few dangerous places where Americans cannot go. These places are unfriendly countries or countries at war. There, the travelers might not be safe. These countries are listed in a small book called a passport (护照).
This passport is for the safety of its traveling people. It is also a government’s pledge (保证) that the people will follow the rules of the host country. To receive a passport from the government, a traveler must show that he is an American citizen (公民). An American cannot go abroad without a passport. Only the close countries such as Canada and Mexico do not ask for passports. The traveler’s picture is inside the passport. Children traveling with their parents are also in one parent’s book.
Thousands of people from the United States visit other countries every year. An American traveler might carry plane tickets, money, clothing and many other things. But the most important thing that he carries in another country is his passport.Why does a traveler need a passport?
| A．It helps to protect the people. | B．It helps to know where he will go. |
| C．He needs to take pictures often. | D．He needs to carry more when he travels. |
A passport is not needed when an American goes to .
| A．European countries | B．Dangerous areas | C．Canada or Mexico | D．Russia and China |
We believe .
| A．some countries don’t ask for passports | B．people should look after their passports |
| C．money is more important than a passport | D．children are never in a passport |
We can know from the text that .
| A．Americans travel abroad a lot | B．a traveler is not safe in most countries |
| C．children can’t travel abroad | D．Americans abroad only need a passport |
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| T- shirt |
Jim buys a backpack, a T-shirt and a pair of sports socks. What else can he get?
| A．A sports cap. | B．A pair of tennis rackets. |
| C．A pair of jeans. | D．Nothing else. |
How much is the T-shirt before it is off?
| A．￥24. | B．￥48. | C．￥72. | D．￥96. |
Bill wants to buy sports socks. What brand can he buy?
| A．Li Ning. | B．Adidas. | C．Langsha. | D．Kids. |
One day an old man is selling (卖) a big elephant. A young man comes to the elephant and begins to look at it slowly. The old man goes up to him and says in his ear, “Don’t say anything about the elephant before I sell it. Then I will give you twenty dollars.”“All right,” says the young man. After the old man sells the elephant, he gives the young man twenty dollars and says, “Now, can you tell me how you found the elephant’s bad ears?”“I didn’t find the bad ears,” says the young man. “Then why are you looking at the elephant slowly?” asked the old man. The young man answers, “Because I have never seen an elephant before, and I want to know what it looks like.”
根据短文选择正确的答案
( )11. ________ the elephant.
A. The young man sells B. The old man sells
C. The two men sell D. The old man buys
( )12. The young man is looking at the elephant slowly.
He wants to find out ___________.
A. which foot of the elephant is bad B. how heavy it is
C. which ear of the elephant is bad D. what it looks like
( )13. The young man ______________.
A. knows the elephant has bad ears B. wants to buy the elephant
C. looks after the elephant D. gets some money from the old man
( )14. The young man ______________.
A. is not interested in elephants B. knows what an elephant looks like
C. has seen some elephants before D. has never seen an elephant before
( )15. Hearing what the young man said, the old man will probably(很可能)be ____________.
A. angry （生气） B. happy C. dangerous D. hungry
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