Why do some people flush when they drink alcohol? This effect is a common reaction to alcohol among East Asians. It affects about 36 percent of Japanese, Chinese and Koreans.
For many, even a small amount of alcohol can cause unpleasant effects. Most commonly, their face, neck and sometimes their whole body turn red. People might also feel uncomfortable and sick to their stomach. They might experience a burning sensation, increased heart rate, shortness of breath and headaches.
The cause is a genetic difference that they are born with called an ALDH2 deficiency (缺乏). It prevents their bodies from treating alcohol the way other people do. But the effects might be more serious than just a red face. Researchers warn of a link between this condition and an increased risk of cancer of the esophagus (食道) from drinking alcohol.
The more alcohol people with this deficiency drink, the greater their risk is. In Japan and South Korea, for example, many people have the deficiency but still drink heavily. Researchers found that these drinkers develop a form of esophageal cancer six to ten times more often than those without the deficiency.
Esophageal cancer is one of the deadliest cancers. It can be treated when found early, but once it grows the chances of survival drop sharply. The researchers estimate that at least five hundred forty million people have the deficiency, about eight percent of the world’s population.
Philip Brooks is a researcher at the National Institute in the United States. He says it is important to educate people about the link between the alcohol flushing effect and esophageal cancer. He says doctors should ask East Asian patients about their experiences with facial flushing after drinking alcohol. Those with a history of it should be advised to limit their alcohol use. They should also be warned that cigarette smoking works with the alcohol in a way that further increases the risk of esophageal cancer.The underlined word “flush” in Paragraph 1 probably means “_________”.
| A．walk unsteadily | B．turn red in the face |
| C．appear unpleasant | D．talk more than usual |
The second paragraph is mainly about _________.
| A．the cause of the effects of alcohol |
| B．Asians and alcohol |
| C．the advantages of drinking alcohol |
| D．unpleasant effects caused by alcohol |
We can infer from the passage that _________.
| A．about 36 percent of Japanese, Chinese and Koreans are heavy drinkers |
| B．the ALDH2 deficiency may be passed on from generation to generation |
| C．unpleasant effects occur only when people with this deficiency drink a lot |
| D．only some East Asians have the ALDH2 deficiency |
Esophageal cancer is one of the deadliest cancers because _________.
| A．it can’t be treated at all |
| B．it is hard to be discovered early |
| C．it is hard to cure once it has developed |
| D．people are usually addicted to alcohol |
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
That summer an army of crickets(蟋蟀) started a war with my father. Dad didn't care for insects much more than Mamma，but he could tolerate a few living in the basement. Mamma was a city girl and she said a cricket was just too noisy. 
Then to prove her point she wouldn't go to bed. She drank coffee and smoked my father's cigarettes and paced between the sofa and the TV. Next morning she threatened to pack up and leave，so Dad drove to the store and hurried back. He sprayed poison from a jug. When he was finished he told us that was the end of it.
For a couple of weeks we went back to find dead crickets in the laundry. He suggested that we'd all be better off to hide as many as we could from Mamma. I fed a few dozen to the cat who I didn't like because it scratched for no reason.
However，soon live crickets started showing up in the kitchen and bathroom. Mamma was upset because she thought the dead crickets came back，but Dad said these were certainly new ones. He fetched his jug of poison and sprayed all over until the whole house smelled of poison，and then he sprayed the basement again.
A couple of weeks later，when both live and dead crickets kept turning up，Dad emptied the basement of junk. Then he burned a lot of old newspapers and magazines which he said the crickets had turned into nests.
While we ate supper that evening，the wind lifted some flames onto the wood pile. The only gasoline was in the lawn mower's(割草机) fuel tank but that was enough to create an explosion big enough to reach the house. Once the roof caught，there wasn't much anyone could do.
After the fire truck left，Mamma took the others to Aunt Gail's. I helped Dad and Uncle Burt carry things out of the house and pile them by the road. We worked into the night and we didn't talk much，while all around the noise of crickets broke our silence.What do we know about the author's mother?
| A．She didn't like insects at all. |
| B．She liked insects more than his father. |
| C．She cared for insects very much. |
| D．She could only tolerate a few insects. |
The author's father drove to the store to buy ________.
| A．cigarettes for himself |
| B．more coffee for his wife |
| C．some poison |
| D．some gasoline |
The author fed a few dozen crickets to the cat probably to ________.
| A．make his mother happy |
| B．help his mother clear away the crickets |
| C．play with the cat |
| D．harm the cat |
The author's father burned the old newspapers and magazines because he thought
________.
| A．they were no longer useful |
| B．the crickets were afraid of fire |
| C．they became the home of crickets |
| D．the dead crickets came back to life |
We learn from the last paragraph that ________.
| A．the author's family lost their battle against the crickets |
| B．the author's parents learned to put up with insects |
| C．the author's family didn't suffer much in the fire |
| D．the author's parents got divorced |
(2012年深圳市高三调研)As the forceful king of Macedonia(马其顿)，Alexander the Great overthrew the Persian Empire，becoming a hero that would survive centuries after his death.
Born in 356 B．C.，Alexander Ⅲwas the son of PhilipⅡand Olympians. Alexander's parents wanted him to receive the finest education，and arranged for him to study under Aristotle，regarded as one of the greatest scholars.
Alexander's father was a strong leader. Philip Ⅱbuilt an impressive army and established the Macedonian kingdom；he was even planning to attack Persia shortly before his death.
In 336 B．C.，Philip Ⅱwas murdered by one of his guards. Although it was obvious that the guard had a personal hatred，there were clues that other people were related to it.
After Alexander was cleared as a suspect，he succeeded his father without opposition，and killed those said to be responsible for his father's murder，as well as all rivals. He was then just 20 years old. He then prepared to attack Persia.
In the spring of 334 B．C.，Alexander led the army made up of nearly 50,000 soldiers into Asia，which is called “the most powerful military expedition(远征) ever to leave Greece”．He soundly defeated the Persian army at the Gracious River，sending a strong message to Darius Ⅲ，leader of the Persian Empire.
In 333 B．C.，Alexander faced Darius at Issus，a mountain pass. The Macedonian army was greatly outnumbered but able to work the narrow mountain passageway to their advantage. Darius managed to escape.Continuing down the Mediterranean Coast，Alexander took every city in his path.
In 332 B．C. Alexander declared Egypt to be part of the Greek Empire and was crowned Pharaoh(法老)．
When Alexander left Egypt in 331 B．C.，he defeated the Persians again and was crowned leader of Asia.
In 323 B．C.，however，Alexander developed a fever on the way back home and died 10 days later at Babylon. He was just 33 years old.
【选项】 The underlined word “succeeded” is the closest in meaning to ________.
| A．followed |
| B．supported |
| C．continued |
| D．replaced |
What can we know about Philip Ⅱ's death?
| A．He was killed by someone intending to take power from him. |
| B．Alexander sent someone who hated Philip Ⅱto kill him. |
| C．His death was related to his plan of fighting Persia. |
| D．The murder might be organized by a group of people. |
The Macedonian army could defeat the Persians at Issus mainly because ________.
| A．Darius didn't command his army in the battlefield |
| B．the Macedonian soldiers were more than the Persian soldiers |
| C．the Macedonian soldiers could fight better at the mountain pass |
| D．Macedonia was more powerful than the Persian Empire |
In which order did Alexander do the following things?
a．Totally overthrew the Persian Empire.
b．Defeated the Persian army at Issus.
c．Was crowned Pharaoh of Egypt.
d．Defeated the Persian army at the Gracious River.
e．Became the leader of Macedonia.
| A．e，d，b，c，a |
| B．d，e，a，c，b |
| C．e，b，d，c，a |
| D．d，a，c，e，b |
According to the passage，we can infer that ________.
| A．Aristotle taught Alexander how to defeat other nations |
| B．Alexander was happy about his father's death |
| C．Persia is tougher to defeat than Egypt |
| D．Macedonia soon declined after Alexander died |
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
PALM COAST－Agatha Lee described her reaction as “disbelief” when School Board Chairwoman Sue Dickinson called her name last Thursday night at Flagler Auditorium.
Lee，a second-grade teacher at Belle Terre Elementary School，was named Flagler County's Teacher of the Year today.
“I was in such a great group of excellent teachers and I was just shocked.”Lee said in an interview after the announcement.
Every Flagler school names a Teacher of the Year once a year and those nominees(候选人) are considered for the district's award. That winner，along with winners from the state's other districts，is then considered for the Florida Teacher of the Year Award，which is announced in July.
To be qualified for the teaching award，teachers must encourage continuous learning，show skillfulness in their subject area，use creative teaching strategies(策略)，show leadership and create a caring and respectful environment.
Jill Stirling，a kindergarten teacher，Flagler's 2010 Teacher of the Year，said she also met winners from throughout the state to share teaching strategies and best practices.“I often think of those little people that have made me the teacher I am and the person that I am，” Stirling said.
Lee，the following new winner，who is now in her thirteenth year of teaching，came to Flagler County in 2004 after working in Pasco and St. Johns counties. She worked at the former Indian Trails K8 school and came to Belle Terre Elementary when it opened in fall 2005.
Lee，who comes from a family of teachers，said she has always enjoyed being with children.
“I love watching their faces when they have that ‘aha’ moment，” she said.How did Agatha Lee feel when she was crowned Flagler County's Teacher of the Year?
| A．Excited. |
| B．Astonished. |
| C．Satisfied. |
| D．Proud. |
What did you know about Agatha Lee from the passage?
| A．Her parents are probably also teachers. |
| B．She worked in four counties altogether. |
| C．She has taught in Flagler County since 2005. |
| D．She once shared teaching strategies with Jill Sterling. |
To be a Flagler Teacher of the Year，one is required to ________.
| A．perform lifelong learning |
| B．show ability of leadership |
| C．be careful and respectful |
| D．share teaching strategies |
Which of the following is correct in order of time according to the passage?
①Lee came to Flagler Country.
②Lee taught in Indian Trails K8 school.
③Lee was named Flagler County's 2011 Teacher of the Year.
④Lee worked in Pasco and St. Johns counties.
⑤Lee was named as Teacher of the Year by Belle Terre Elementary School.
| A．①④②③⑤ |
| B．④②①⑤③ |
| C．④①②⑤③ |
| D．①②⑤③④ |
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
(2011年湖北)In today's throwaway society，dealing with the city's growing mountain of waste is an increasing challenge for the city council(市议会)．
Recently，Edinburgh is faced with the problem of disposing of(处理) about 250,000 million tons of waste a year. Despite different ways to dispose of much of it in a green manner－largely through encouraging recycling－its aging facilities such as the Powderhall landfill do not have the ability to deal with it.
The European Union (EU) has issued a new policy，regulating how such mountains of waste are to be disposed of. The five councils (Edinburgh，East Lothian，West Lothian，Midlothian and Borders) face fines around ￡18 million a year from 2013 if they don't increase recycling levels and rely less on landfill. With this in mind，the councils got together with the idea of building a large incinerator plant(垃圾焚烧厂) to burn half of the waste produced in their districts. But this plan fell apart after the change of target levels by a new UK government waste policy which required that no more than 25% of the city's waste should be disposed of in this way by 2025.
After the plan was abandoned，a private company which already transported millions of tons of the city's waste by train to a landfill site near Dunbar，offered an alternative solution when it suggested opening a huge waste site near Portobello.
Since Powderhall is supposed to close in 2015，it seemed necessary for the members of the Edinburgh Council to accept the suggestion. But soon they turned it down－after 700 local objections reached them－because it would have meant hundreds of lorries a day making loud noise through heavily populated areas.
That still leaves the council with a problem. By 2013，only 50% of 1995 levels of waste will be allowed to be sent to landfill. Even if recycling targets are met，there will still be a large amount of rubbish to be burnt up. Due to this，Edinburgh and Midlothian councils have now decided to work together to build an incinerator plant as time to find a solution is fast running out.The main way of handling waste in a green manner in Edinburgh is ________.
| A．recycling |
| B．restoring |
| C．burying |
| D．burning |
The five councils worked out a plan to build an incinerator plant to ________.
| A．reduce the cost of burying waste |
| B．meet the EU requirements |
| C．speed up waste recycling |
| D．replace landfill sites |
The city council of Edinburgh rejected the suggestion to open a huge landfill site near Portobello because ________.
| A．it came from a private company |
| B．the council was not interested in it |
| C．it was not supported by EU |
| D．the local people were against it |
What is the final decision of Edinburgh and Midlothian councils?
| A．To open a new landfill nearby. |
| B．To close the Powderhall landfill in 2015. |
| C．To set up a plant for burning waste. |
| D．To persuade people to reduce their waste. |
（2011·全国II）
"I didn't hear them call my name," explained Shelley Hennig to Active Teens (AT) as she talked about that exciting moment on national television when she won the honor of Miss Teen USA 2004. "Are you ready?" is what she heard. Then she said, "I shook my head no, and then they said‘yes’ and it was announced again."
It was four days after that life changing moment for the seventeen-year-old high school student from Destrehan, Louisiana----she was still on cloud nine．
"I was so shocked! I never believed that it could actually really happen." Present in the audience（观众）that day were: her mother and father, older brother, her friends, and her dance teacher.
Understanding why members of her family and her friends would be there, AT asked why her dance teacher had traveled so far to see her compete（比赛）．"She's always been my role model．I've danced with her since I was six. She's been through so many difficulties and came through them all. I've learned to get over bad life's experiences and learned how to move on because of her."
One of those bad life's experiences for Shelley happened three years ago when her brother Brad was killed in a drunk driving accident. He was 18. She found writing helped her get through the rough days. She said, "I write a lot about my brother. I write a lot, a lot, a lot...”
As Miss Louisiana Teen, she traveled around the state speaking to teens（青少年）about the dangers of drinking and driving. In her role as Miss Teen USA, Sheiley will continue to speak to youth about safe driving, in addition to many other things to help the youth.
When AT asked Miss Teen USA if she had any advice for our readers, she said, "Don't let anyone change you. Hang out with people that make you feel good about yourself. That way, it is easy to be yourself."What do the words “on cloud nine” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
| A．frightened |
| B．troubled |
| C．very happy |
| D．very angry |
Shelley takes her dance teacher as a role model mainly because she i s ________.
| A．determined |
| B．friendly |
| C．strict |
| D．experienced |
How many children did the Hennings have according to the text?
| A．1. |
| B．2. |
| C．3. |
| D．4. |
What did Shelley often do after she became Miss Louisiana Teen?
| A．She visited drunken drivers. |
| B．She gave dance performances. |
| C．She made speeches on safe driving. |
| D．She helped other teens with their studies. |
What suggestion does Shelley give to the teens?
| A．Be yourself with the support of friends. |
| B．Meet friends whenever possible. |
| C．Go easy on yourself and others. |
| D．Have a good role model. |
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