If you are lost in the mountains, stay calm in the face of darkness, loneliness, and the unknown. It will greatly increase your chances of survival. Many people think that preparing necessary equipment and knowing how to use it are very important, but in fact eighty percent of mountain survival is your reaction(反应) to fear.
Finding a hiding place
Unnecessary labor (劳动) will make you sweat and make you cold. Find a hiding place around you before trying to start your own construction. If you are in a snow-covered area, you may be able to dig a cave in deep snow for protection from the wind. You should try to hide yourself in the middle of the mountain if possible. Stay out of the valleys--- cold air falls, and the valley floor can be the coldest area on the mountain.
Signal(发信号) rescuers for help
The best time to signal rescuers is during the day. Signal for help from the highest point possible--- it will be easier for rescuers to see you, and any sound you make will travel farther. If you take a box of matches and a space blanket ( a special blanket for traveling ), build three smoky fires and put your blanket ---gold side facing out --- on the ground.
Do not walk away
It will make finding you more difficult , as search teams will be trying to follow your path and may miss you if you have gone off in a different direction. Searchers often end up finding a car with no one in it. If you get frostbitten(冻伤) , do not rewarm the affected area until you are out of danger.
You can walk on frostbitten(冻伤) feet, but once you warm the area and can feel the pain, you will not want to walk anywhere. Try to protect the frostbitten area and keep it dry until you are rescued. When lost in the mountains, you can increase your chances of survival if you _____.
| A．take a space blanket with you | B．do more physical labor |
| C．try to find a car immediately | D．walk as far as possible |
According to the passage, people most probably fail to survive if they ______
| A．do not take enough equipment | B．stay in the middle of the mountain |
| C．do not keep themselves warm | D．stay in a snow-covered area |
What can we infer from the passage?
| A．Don’t travel by yourself | B．Mountain traveling is dangerous |
| C．Don’t get frightened in danger | D．Avoid going to unfamiliar places |
Which statement is not true according to the passage?
| A．If lost in the mountains, you must try to find a way out quickly. |
| B．Stay out of the valleys when looking for a hiding place |
| C．The best time to signal rescuers is during the day |
| D．With a space blanket, you can put it on the ground---gold side facing out |
As a leading Chinese language school and a cultural exchange institute in China， Global Exchange Education Center has been providing Mandarin (or Putonghua) language courses and cultural exchange programs for over a decade.
How to apply for our programs
■In order to apply for all of our programs, you must be
at least 18 years old.
in good health,
a senior high school graduate.
■Application Procedure for Chinese Language Programs
Step 1. Send us a completed application form by email or fax.
Step 2. Send us $ 60 application fee after receiving our email confirmation.
Step 3. Arrange the payment transfer.
Step 4. Plan the trip to Beijing.
■Application Procedure for Chinese Business Internship (实习）Program
Step 1. Send us a completed application form with your CV and personal statement for the program by email or fax.
Step 2. Send us $ 310, including $60 application fee and $ 250 internship placement deposit, after receiving our letter of acceptance for the program.
Step 3. Arrange final payment transfer after receiving our second confirmation.
Step 4. Plan the trip to Beijing.
■Personal Statement for applicants for Chinese Business Internship Program
You should state why you want to take this program and what your expectations of the program are. How you will make use of this program in your future career.
■ APPLICATION DEADLINES
The applications for most programs are reviewed on a rolling basis. You are encouraged to submit your application ahead of the application deadlines.
■Confirmation
Having received your application, Global Exchange Education Center usually sends out an email confirmation for the booking within 2-5 working days.The text is probably written for ______.
| A．junior high graduates | B．international students | C．job seekers | D．language trainers |
If you apply for both of the programs, the total application fees will be ______.
| A．$310. | B．$ 120. | C．$250. | D．$ 370. |
If you want to apply for Chinese Business Internship program successfully, you'll ______.
| A．send the application form by post | B．send personal statement and CV only |
| C．have to get confirmed at least twice | D．have to make a travel plan in Beijing |
Which of the following is not necessarily included in applicants，personal statement?
| A．Their purposes of taking the program. | B．Their expectations of the program. |
| C．Their future practice of the program. | D．Their feedbacks on the program. |
Archaeology, like many academic words, comes from Greek and means, more or less, “the study of old things”. So, it is really a part of the study of history. However, most historians use paper evidence, such as letters, paintings and photographs, but archaeologists learn from the objects left behind by the humans of long ago. Normally, these are the hard materials that don't break down or disappear very quickly—things like human bones and objects made from stone and metal.
It is very unusual to find anything more than the hard evidence of history—normally, the bacteria in the air eat away at soft materials, like bodies, clothes and things made of wood. Occasionally, things are different.
In 1984, two men made an amazing discovery while working in a bog called Lindow Moss, in the north of England. A bog is a very wet area of earth, with a lot of plants growing in it. It can be like a very big and very thick vegetable soup—walk in the wrong place and you can sink and disappear forever. The men were working when one of them saw something sticking out—a human foot! Naturally, the men called the police, who then found the rest of the body. Was it a case of murder? Possibly—but it was a death nearly two thousand years old. The two men had found a body from the time of the Roman invasion of Britain. Despite being so old, this body had skin, muscles, hair and internal organs—the scientists who examined him were able to look inside the man's stomach and find the food that he had eaten for his last meal!
Why was this man so well preserved? It was because he was in a very watery environment, safe from the bacteria that need oxygen to live. Also, the water in the bog was very acidic. The acid preserved the man's skin in the way that animal skin is preserved for leather coats and shoes.
How did he die? Understandably, archaeologists and other scientists wanted to know more about the person that they called “Lindow Man”. His hands and fingernails suggested that he hadn't done heavy manual work in his life—he could have been a rich man. They found that he hadn't died by accident. The archaeologists believe that he was sacrificed to three different gods.The underlined word “these” in the first paragraph refers to ________.
| A．letters | B．photographs |
| C．paintings | D．objects |
Which of the following helped to preserve “Lindow Man”？
| A．Ice and low temperature |
| B．Acid and water |
| C．Soil and energy |
| D．Bacteria and oxygen |
According to the passage, which of the following statements is right?
| A．“Lindow Man” was named after the person who first found him. |
| B．Historians usually use paper evidence, while archaeologists use hard evidence. |
| C．“Lindow Man” was found by two archaeologists in the south of England. |
| D．“Lindow Man” was good at work by hand. |
Which is the best title for the passage?
| A．An Amazing Archaeological Discovery |
| B．Archaeology and History |
| C．What Is Archaeology? |
| D．The Death of “Lindow Man” |
Steven Spielberg was not a scholar, and his classmates teased him. Rather than read, the kid really preferred running around with an 8mm camera, shooting homemade movies, which he showed to friends for a small fee.
In his first year of high school, he dropped out. But when his parents persuaded him to return, he was mistakenly placed in a learningdisabled class, which lasted one month. Only when the family moved to another town did he land up in a more suitable high school, where he eventually graduated.
After being denied entrance into a traditional filmmaking school, Steven Spielherg enrolled in English at California State University at Long Beach. Then in 1965, he recalls, in one of those serendipitous moments, his life took a complete turn. Visiting Universal Studios, he met Chuck Silvers, an executive in the editorial department. Silvers liked the kid who made 8mm films and invited him back sometime to visit.
He appeared the next day. Spielberg, dressed in a dark suit, carrying his father's briefcase with nothing inside but a sandwich and candy bars walked confidently up to the guard at the gate of Universal and gave him a casual wave. The guard waved back. He was in.
“For the entire summer，” Spielberg remembers, “I dressed in my suit and hung out with the directors and writers, including Silvers, who knew the kid wasn't a studio employee, but winked at him. I even found an office that wasn't being used, and became a squatter (擅自占用他人房子的人). I bought some plastic tiles and put my name in the building directory: Steven Spielberg, Room 23C.”
It paid off for everyone. Ten years later, the 28yearold Spielberg directed Jaws, which took in $470 million, then the biggest grossing movie of all time. Dozens of films and awards have followed because Steven Spielberg knew what his teachers didn't—talent is in the eyes of the filmmaker.Why was Steven Spielberg laughed at by his classmates?
| A．He was the youngest boy. |
| B．He was too short for his age. |
| C．He liked to fight with other boys. |
| D．He didn't care much about his lessons. |
Why did Steven's friends pay him some money?
| A．To see his movies. |
| B．To use his camera. |
| C．To look at his photos. |
| D．To include them in the movie. |
What did Steven Spielberg intend to do after graduating from high school?
| A．Study English at a college. |
| B．Become a newspaper editor. |
| C．Work for Universal Studios. |
| D．Go to a traditional filmmaking school. |
What could have changed Steven Spielberg's life?
| A．Being dressed in a suit. |
| B．Meeting Chuck Silvers. |
| C．Missing a filmmaking school. |
| D．Working for Universal Studios. |
What can we learn from the story?
| A．Always follow our dream and we can make it. |
| B．We need someone to help us realize our dreams. |
| C．Anyone can become a film director if he wants to. |
| D．We should grasp the opportunity that comes our way. |
Here I'd like to talk about how to develop your curiosity and make use of it to make discoveries. Asking questions is the first step to make discoveries and find interesting answers when you are curious about something and want to know more about it.
Firstly, write down the subject that you are interested in on a note card or piece of paper. Just put the main idea down, such as “Discover more about dinosaurs.”
Next, think for a moment about what you already know about your subject and list information like the sentences below：
1. Dinosaurs lived long before human beings appeared.
2. Dinosaurs lived on the earth for more than 150 million years.
3. Some dinosaurs fed on plants, some on meat.
Thirdly, ask yourself “What can I do with what I want to learn？” On your paper, start writing down questions about the dinosaurs as you think of them：
1. What's the best weather for dinosaurs to live in?
2. How many kinds of dinosaurs are there?
3. Have dinosaurs really disappeared?
Fourthly, armed_with_your_list_of_questions,_you can now visit the nearest library or turn to computer to begin your research. As you learn more about your subject, you'll probably discover some new questions.
For example, you might discover that dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. Why? What happened? Asking new questions can help you research your subject more deeply.
The next time you find something interesting to research, take time to organize your thinking by asking good questions. And remember—learning more always bring more questions.While doing some research, you should take the following steps________.
①list what you want to know
②choose a research subject
③list what you already know
④discover new problems
| A．①④③② | B．①②④③ |
| C．②③①④ | D．②①④③ |
What does the underlined sentence “armed with your list of questions” mean?
| A．Taking your list of questions with you to do more research. |
| B．Writing down your list of questions before turning to the computer. |
| C．Discussing your questions with your classmates for solution. |
| D．Putting your questions aside before going to the library. |
According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
| A．You can find all the answers online. |
| B．Learn more, and you'll have no questions. |
| C．Asking questions is the only way for research. |
| D．During the research, more questions may arise. |
The best title for this passage is________.
| A．Discovering Dinosaurs |
| B．Asking Good Questions |
| C．Finding Suitable Subjects |
| D．Having Interesting Answers |
Research shows that much of our predisposition (倾向) towards determination, sociability and selfcontrol and sense of purpose is in our genes. In fact, our DNA plays a bigger role in influencing these traits (characteristics) than our upbringing (儿童期的教养) and the company we keep. Taken together, these aspects of personality can make the difference between success and failure, say the Edinburgh University researchers.
They questioned more than 800 pairs of twins about their attitudes to life to tease apart the influences of nature and nurture. Comparing identical twins, who share all their DNA and their upbringing, with nonidentical twins, who have a shared background but are no more genetically alike than other brothers and sisters, is a technique often used by researchers to quantify the influence of genetics.
The results, published in the Journal of Personality, showed that genes play a much bigger role than lifestyle, with selfcontrol particularly etched (铭刻) into our DNA.
Our genes also largely determine how determined and persistent we are. This is important in terms of success, as someone who refuses to give up is more likely to achieve their dreams than someone_who_throws_in_the_towel_at_the_first_hiccough.
Researcher Professor Timothy Bates said, “Ever since the ancient Greeks, people have debated the nature of a good life and the nature of a virtuous life. Why do some people seem to manage their lives, have good relationships and cooperate to achieve their goals while others do not? Previously, the role of family and the environment around the home often controlled people's ideas about what affected psychological wellbeing. However, this work emphasizes a much more powerful influence from genetics.”
However, those who haven't been dealt a helpful hand of genes shouldn't be too depressed. The professor says a sense of purpose is the key and advises those who are eager for success to focus their thoughts on making a difference.What does the result of the research indicate?
| A．Our DNA is the only factor to decide our traits. |
| B．Our DNA plays a decisive role in achieving success. |
| C．Education plays little part in the formation of our character. |
| D．Society has little effect on us in our personality. |
The underlined part in Paragraph 4 refers to someone who ________.
| A．is born successful |
| B．determines to make a difference |
| C．makes great effort |
| D．admits defeat easily |
Timothy Bates mentions the ancient Greeks in order to indicate that ________.
| A．some people can live a good life because they can manage their lives |
| B．people haven't made it clear yet what is the key personality trait to be a success |
| C．in ancient Greece the role of family and the environment was ignored |
| D．the relationship between personality and success has always been people's concern |
According to the passage, the key personality trait is ________.
| A．determination | B．kindness |
| C．politeness | D．sociability |
What is the best title for the passage?
| A．How do people work hard? |
| B．Why can some people succeed? |
| C．DNA determines success or failure. |
| D．Several factors determine personality. |
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