How much sleep do we need? We are all different. Some people need only three hours of sleep a night. Others need ten hours of sleep a night. Most Americans sleep an average (平均值) of seven to eight hours a night. After the age of fifty the average sleep time goes down to 6.5 hours a night.
Most people have a bad night when they can not sleep. About one in three Americans has a problem with sleep. Many of these people can not fall sleep. This problem is called (叫做) insomnia. This is not a new problem. Many famous people in history had insomnia. Some of these people had special (特别的) ideas to another to make them sleep. Benjaming Franklin, the famous stateman (政治家) and inventor (发明家)，had four beds. He moved from one to another to fall asleep. King Lousis XIV of France had 13 beds and hoped that he could fall asleep in one of them. Mark Twain, the famous American writer, had a different way. He lay on his side on the end of the bed!.Most American people need________ hours of sleep a night.
| A．3 | B．10 | C．7-8 | D．5-6 |
People need_________ sleep as they get older.
| A．more | B．less（更少的） | C．no | D．little |
“The problem is called insomnia.” Here “insomnia” means_________.
| A．going to sleep easily | B．sleep at daytime |
| C．the ways of sleep | D．not being able to(能够)go to sleep |
Mark Twain lay on his side on the end of the bed because he_________.
| A．was an old man | B．thought it was easy to go sleep |
| C．was a famous writer | D．didn’t have much room to sleep in |
The passage is mainly (主要地) talking about_________.
| A．sleep | B．insomnia |
| C．how to go to bed | D．the famous person |
There are only 24 hours in a day，and usually about a third of that is spent sleeping.So is it possible to make use of this time and learn a new skill or even a language？In other words，is sleep learning possible？
Many studies have found that a basic form of learning called conditioning can happen during sleep.In a 2012 study published in the magazine Nature Neuroscience，for example，Israeli researchers found that people can learn to connect sounds with smells during sleep.The scientists played a tone to sleeping study participants while putting some rotten（腐烂的）fish beside their beds.Once awake when hearing the tone.The people held their breath in anticipation of a bad smell.
"This was a dear finding showing participants formed new memories during sleep， " said Andrillon，a scientist in this held.
Although the now memory was implicit （暗示性的），it could influence how people behave，researchers found in a 2014 study published in the Journal of Neuroscience.In that research，after spending a night in a room full of cigarette（香烟） smell mixed with rotten eggs or fish，smokers use fewer cigarettes.
Andrillon and his team members have found that learning in sleep can also go beyond simple conditioning.In their 2017 study published in Nature Communications，participants were able to pick out sound features that they had heard during sleep.
Learning abilities in sleep may spread to learning of words.In a study published in Current Biology，researchers played pairs of made﹣up words and their supposed meanings like "guga" means elephant，to sleep participants.After this，when awake，the participants did better in picking the right translation of made﹣up words in a multi﹣choice test.
So far，research suggests it may be possible to learn about the tone and pronunciation of a language or even the meaning of words while sleeping，although it is to a weaker level than what we do during the day without noticing.
（1）What is the main purpose of the text？
A.To show that sleep learning is possible.
B.To study how to make use of sleep learning.
C.To report some famous research findings.
D.To prove sleep learning is implicit and weak.
（2）What does the phrase ''new memories'' in the third paragraph refer to（指的是）？
A.Connection between participants and scientists.
B.Connection between sounds and smells.
C.The tone's influence on the rotten fish.
D.The rotten eggs' influence on cigarettes.
（3）What is the main idea of the last two paragraphs？
A.Sleep can do good to learning.
B.Language learning can happen in sleep.
C.People learn in sleep in a different language.
D.Sleep learning is better than daytime learning.
Durbeyfield sat down upon the grassy land by the roadside，putting his basket before him.In a few minutes，a youth from his village appeared in the distance.On seeing him，Durbeyfield held up his hand，and the boy quickened his steps and came near.
"Boy，take up that basket!I want you to do something for me. "
The skinny boy frowned（皱眉）， "Who are you then，John Durbeyfield，to order me about and call me 'boy'？You know my name as well as I know yours!"
"Do you，do you？That's the secret — That's the secret!Now obey my orders，and Fred，I don't mind telling you that the secret is that I'm one of noble race（贵族） —it has been just found out by me this present afternoon." And as he made the announcement，he luxuriously（奢侈地） lay himself upon the land among the flowers.The boy stood before Durbeyfield，and looked at him from head to foot.
"Sir，John D' Urberville — that's who I am， " continued Durbeyfield. " Do you know such a place as Greenhill？ "
"Yes.I have been there to Greenhill fair（集市）. "
"Well，under the church of that city there lie my ancestors（祖先） —hundreds of them — in coats of jewellery.There is not a man here who's got greater and nobler ancestors than I. "
"Oh？ "
"Now take up that basket，and go on to the Pure Drop Inn，telling them to send a horse and carriage（马车） with a servant（仆人） here quickly，to carry me home.And when you've done that，go on to my house with the basket，and tell my wife to put away that washing，because she needn't finish it，and wait till I come home，as I've news to tell her. "
As the boy stood in doubt，Durbeyfield put his hand into his pocket.And produced a shilling （a unit of money used in Britain until 1971）.
"Here is for your work，son. "
This made a difference.
"Yes，Sir John.Thank you. "
The boy took up the basket and set out at once.
（1）What did Durbeyfield ask Fred to do？
A.Listen to a story.
B.Find out a secret.
C.Send messages for him.
D.Drive a horse and carriage for him.
（2）Which of the following about Durbeyfield is TRUE？
A.He did believe he was a noble.
B.He wanted to play a trick on Fred.
C.He was the richest man in the city.
D.He used to live in Greenhill.
（3）What made the boy willing to work for Durbeyfield？
A.Durbeyfield's secret.
B.Durbeyfield's order.
C.His visit to Greenhill fair.
D.The unit of money.
（4）What is most probably the relationship between Durbeyfield and Fred？
A.Father and son.
B.Neighbors.
C.Close friends.
D.Master and servant.
In the Spring and Autumn period （475 ﹣ 221 BC） there lived a man called Ji Zha.He was the fourth son of the king of the Kingdom of Wu.Because of Ji Zha's sticking to righteousness（正义）and wide learning，he was his father's favorite and the king wanted to make him his heir（堆承人）.However，Ji Zha refused because he thought the king's eldest son should be the one to receive the throne.Later，Ji Zha served as an ambassador（外交大臣） of Wu to other kingdoms in China.
Once，on a mission to the Kingdom of Lu，Ji Zha passed through the Kingdom of Xu.The king of Xu received him as a friend，and admired the valuable sword（剑） Ji Zha was wearing.Although his host didn't mention it，Ji Zha could see he wanted to own it very much.However，as he still needed to go to Lu，Ji Zha didn't give the king of Xu his sword as a present.
After finishing his mission to Lu，on his way back，Ji Zha once again passed through Xu.This time he decided to give the sword to the king of Xu.But when he arrived，his friend had already passed away.Ji Zha didn't expect it and felt very sad.He took off his sword and gave it to the dead man by hanging it on a tree near his tomb（坟墓）.
Ji Zha's attendants （随从）didn't understand his action，saying， "Sir，the king of Xu is already dead.Why do you still give up your sword to him？ "
Ji Zha shook his head， "When I came to the Kingdom of Xu last time，I noticed that my friend admired my sword and I decided that when I came back I would give it to him.However，I never expected this turn of events.But how could I change my mind just because the man had died？" With these words，he left the place，low﹣spirited and heart﹣broken.
（1）What do we know about Ji Zha from the passage？
A.He was born in 221 BC.
B.He didn't have the ability to be a king.
C.He was a careful and generous man.
D.He lost his fight for the throne to his brother.
（2）Why did Ji Zha give up his sword to the king of Xu although he had died？
A.He was loyal to his country.
B.He was loyal to righteousness.
C.He wan guilty of his friend's death.
D.He was guilty of not seeing his friend before his death.
（3）What is the best title of this story!
A.Ji Zha and His Friend.
B.Ji Zha and His Country.
C.Ji Zha Gives Up His Throne.
D.Ji Zha Gives Up His Sword.
In modern times.our clothes seem good enough to meet our needs both in color and style.However，are you impatient with washing your clothes so often？Are you tired of the same color？If your answer is "Yes".Let's meet the fashion in the future.
Sun﹣No﹣Spot
To clean this shirt，just stand in the sun!A special material on the surface receives UV light from the sun.This heats it up enough to make stains（污渍） missing.You stay cool but stains disappear!Some stains disappear in minutes—others might take a day.
New Fabric Suit
Are you sick of holes in your clothes？This new material repairs itself!If this cloth gets a hole.just rub （搓揉） the broken place quickly.Heat from the rubbing will cause the materials to connect with each other again，repairing the hole.Hole？What hole？
New Wiggle Vigor
This cloth gets a charge（充电） from running around.As you move，the thin wires in the material turn your movement into power.This can charge a computer，an ipad，a hair﹣dryer，and many other small things that need power.
Chameleon Cloth
Tired of the same old look？How about clothes that change colors？This material is made with dyes（染料） that change colors when they get warm.A small battery heats up thin metal threads（金属线） in the cloth.to change colors or forms.
（1）If your Sun﹣No﹣Spot shirt is dirty with stains，what can you do to clean it？
A.Warm it in the sun.
B.Rub it quickly.
C.Connect it to a computer.
D.Change its color.
（2）If your mobile phone has no power.which one can help you？
A.Sun﹣No﹣Spot.
B.New Fabric Suit.
C.New Wiggle Vigor.
D.Chameleon Cloth.
（3）Which of the next pictures goes well with Chameleon Cloth？
A. 
B.
C.
D. 
Rice is one of the most commonly eaten basic foods around the world.Buying it and cooking it is a daily matter.Yet for many，its presence has been a matter of life and death.It is a main food because it is easy to grow，besides low cost and convenience.A poor community in the developing world may find it difficult to bring in foreign fruits or raise cattle for meat，but it can almost certainly use the land it has in order to grow plenty of rice.
This was the great achievement of Yuan Longping，who passed away on May 22 this year.A great Chinese scientist，Yuan successfully developed what is known as "hybrid rice" which can produce up a 30% higher output.Yuan Longping was born in the year 1930，a time when China was very different.It was a nation，without modern industry，depending on the rice which they grew.The first few decades （十年） of his life were met with major social events，and a rapidly growing population that made food supply not last all the time.This experience left its mark on Yuan Longping，which made him focus on （关注） farming science and work on his research of hybrid rice.
His achievement would see the rice supply in China increasing from 56.9 million tons in 1950 to 194.7 million tons by 2017.By 1991，20% of the world's rice output came from hybrid rice，even if only being planted in 10% of fields.
Always remember，human development begins first with the most basic and sample things，such as developing rice.We should be thankful for scientific thinkers like Yuan.
（1）Why is rice a main food around the world？
（2）What did Yuan develop successfully？
（3）When was Yuan Longping born？
（4）What made Yuan focus on farming science？
（5）How many tons was the rice supply in China by 2017？
粤公网安备 44130202000953号