Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers.
Their study found that theobromine（可可碱）, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.
The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful it can have a major effect on the quality of life, and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem,” said Professor Peter Barnes.
Ten healthy volunteers were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicines are stopping coughs.
The team found that, when the volunteers were given theobromine, the capsaicin needed to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they needed only slightly higher levers of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo.
The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a nerve activity(神经活动), which cause coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments, theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.According to Professor Barnes, theobromine ______.
| A．cannot be as effective as codeine |
| B．can be harmful to people’s health |
| C．cannot be separated from chocolate |
| D．can be a more effective cure for coughs |
What was used in the experiment to cause coughing?
| A．Theobromine. | B．Codeine. | C．Capsaicin. | D．Placebo. |
We learn from the text that volunteers in the experiment _____.
| A．were patients with bad coughs |
| B．were divided into the three groups |
| C．received standard treatments |
| D．suffered little side effects |
Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
| A．Codeine: A New Medicine |
| B．Chocolate May Cure Coughs |
| C．Cough Treatment: A Hard Case |
| D．Theobromine Can Cause Coughs |
Welcome to Hannibal!
HANNIBAL CONVENTION & VISITORS BUREAU
505 N. Third, Hannibal, MO 63641
(573) 221-2477·Fax: (573) 221 -6999
www. VisitHannibal. com
Hannibal, Missouri, founded in 1819, is known worldwide as the boyhood home of Samuel Langhorne Clemens (Mark Twain), 1835-1910. The Clemens family moved to Hannibal in 1839 from nearby Florida, Missouri when Sam was four years old. He spent his formative years here, leaving such a lasting impression that his childhood memories provided the basis for much of his writing. In later life during an interview in India he said, “All that goes to make the me in me is a small Missouri village on the other side of the globe”.
Besides Mark Twain, famous Hannibal residents(居民) that may interest tourists include:
Margaret Tobin Brown, known as “Unsinkable Molly Brown” after he survived the sinking of
the Titanic in 1912, was born in Hannibal in 1867.
William P. Lear, inventor of the automobile radio, the automatic pilot for airplanes and the Lear
Jet, was born here in 1902.
Cliff Edwards, actor and musician, was born here. He was known in Hollywood as “Ukelele
Ike”, provided the voice for “Jiminy Cricket” in Pinocchio and appeared in many films.
Admiral Robert E. Coontz, a native of Hannibal, became Commander of the United States
Fleet(舰队) in 1923.
Jake Beckley, known as “Old Eagle Eye”, played baseball for three major league teams. He was
inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1971.
Helen Cornelius, country and western singer, is a Hannibal native.
William Henry Hatch, Hannibal lawyer who, while as a congressman (议员), played an
important role in making sure of the passage of agricultural legislation that established the position of Secretary of Agriculture in the Cabinet(内阁) of the President of the United States.
64. Hannibal, Missouri is known worldwide ________.
A. because the Clemens family used to live there
B. as the birthplace of Mark Twain
C. because Mark Twain spent his boyhood years there
D. for a number of notable people who once lived there
65. What Mark Twain said during an interview in India implies that _______.
A. the life he lived in Hannibal had a decisive influence on his whole life
B. he spent all his life in a small Missouri village
C. the years he spent in Hannibal left the deepest impression on his memory
D. if he had not been a native of Hannibal, he couldn’t have become famous
66. Among the famous Hannibal residents, __________.
A. Helen Cornelius was a western singer singing in the country
B. Cliff Edwards acted in the film Pinocchio
C. Jake Beckley made contributions to the American navy
D. William Henry Hatch worked as a politician
In 1901, H. G. Wells, an English writer, wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. When the explorers landed on the moon, they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities. They expressed their surprise to the “moon people” they met. In turn, the “moon people” expressed their surprise. “Why,” they asked, “are you traveling to outer space when you even don’t use your own space?”
H. H. Wells could only imagine travel to the moon. In 1969, human beings really did land on the moon. People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon. However, the question that the “moon people” asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.
Underground systems are already in place. Many cities have underground car parks. In some cities, such as Tokyo, Seoul and Montreal, there are large underground shopping areas. The “Chunnel”, a tunnel connecting England and France, is another representative project of underground systems.
But what about underground cities? Japan’s Taisei Corporation is designing a network of underground systems, called “Alice Cities”. The designers imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats, offices, shopping and so on. A solar dome would cover the whole city.
Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space. The surface, they say, can be used for farms, parks, gardens, and wilderness. H. G. Wells’ “moon people” would agree. Would you?
60. The explorers in H. G. Wells’ story were surprised to find that the “moon people” ________.
A. knew so much about the earth
B. understood their language
C. lived in so many underground cities
D. were ahead of them in space technology
61. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Discovering the moon’s inner space.
B. Using the earth’s inner space.
C. Meeting the “moon people” again.
D. Traveling to outer space.
62. What sort of underground systems are already here with us?
A. Offices, shopping areas, power stations.
B. Tunnels, car parks, shopping areas.
C. Gardens, car parks, underground cities.
D. parks, shopping centres, tunnels.
63. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Alice Cities cities of the future.
B. Space travel with H. G. Wells.
C. Enjoy living underground.
D. Building down, not up.
第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题.每小题2分,满分40分）
阅读下列短文,从每小题所给的四个选项（A,B,C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Now, it’s time for some brief news items.
1. China wins women’s 3,000m short track relay, S. Korea disqualified
VANCOUVER, Feb. 24 2010(Xinhua) -- Twice Olympic champion Wang Meng led the Chinese short track speed skating team to the top podium of women's 3,000m relay with a world record at the Vancouver Winter Games here on Wednesday, as South Korea was later disqualified. Canada took the silver, with the United States picking up the bronze. South Korea's skaters had already started waving flags in joy after crossing the line but later the judges decided Kim Min-jung had impeded(阻碍) during an exchange push.
2. Severe drought cracks Airport’s runway
KUNMING, March. 18 2010(China Daily)Severe drought continues to plague southwestern China's Yunnan Province.
In the provincial capital Kunming, the surface of Wu Jiaba International Airport's only runway has been fractured(断裂的). Repairs have been going on since Tuesday. The airport is closed every day from midnight to seven-thirty in the morning. Airport authorities say the severe drought is the cause of the damage. The airport also needs to repair its plane taxiing and parking area. Chen Zhiwei, Security Dept., Kunming International Airport, said, "The drought has greatly lowered the underground water level. And this has affected the runway foundations. The damage to its surface is severe."
3. School Soldiers
Russian school students will have to do basic military training in their final year of school, the government has decided. The lesson will include learning to fire guns, marching drills and how to deal with a chemical, nuclear or biological attack. The activity is seen as part of a drive toward the education of their love for their country.
4.
Is it hard for you to get up early and get ready for classes? Some students at Winter Park High School just roll out of bed in their pajamas(睡衣)and go to class in their own bedrooms, Of course, their teachers and classmates do not see them because all their class work is on the computer. The Florida High School, the state’s only online program take classes in algebra, American government, chemistry, computer, economics, and web-page design. They also have to go to regular school to attend other classes.
56. Which country ranks fourth in the women’s 3,000m short track relay according to the first news?
A. S. Korea. B. Canada. C. The USA. D. Not known.
57. Which of the following is correct according to the second news?
A. The airport has been closed since Tuesday.
B. Drought caused the trouble for repairs.
C. The underground water level became lower, and that’s why the Airport's runway cracked.
D. Flights were not really stopped during the day, because Wu Jiaba International Airport had another runway.
58. Why will Russian school students have basic military training?
A. To get ready for a military parade.
B. To learn to protect themselves.
C. To gain some military knowledge.
D. To develop their love for the country.
59. The news from Florida can be given a title “________”.
A. Get up Late B. Online School
C. The Special Pajamas D. The Popular Subjects
If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise and as a result, we are aging unnecessarily soon
Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of aging could be slowed down.With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and jobs.
Computer technology enabled the researchers to get right measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect and emotion, and determine the human character. Contraction (收缩) of the front and side parts as cells died was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not clear in some sixty and seventy-year-olds.Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy (补救) to the contraction normally associated with age using the head.
The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in towns. Those least at risk, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking (萎缩) brains as farm workers, bus drivers and shop assistants.
Matsuzawa's findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. "The best way to keep good blood circulation is through using the brain," he says, "Think hard and engage in conversation. Don't rely on pocket calculators.”
62.The team of doctors wanted to find out ______.
A. why certain people age sooner than others
B. how to make people live much longer
C. the size of certain people's brains
D. the people with more intelligence
63. On what are their research findings based?
A. A survey of farmers in northern Japan.
B. Tests performed on a thousand old people.
C. The study of brain volumes of different people.
D. The latest development of computer technology.
64.Matsuzawa thinks that _______.
A. our brains grow as we grow older
B. the front section of the brain does not shrink
C. sixty-year-old people have better brains than thirty-year-olds
D. the contraction of brains is connected with brain exercise
654.According to the passage, which people seem to age slower than others?
A. Farmers. B. Lawyers. C. Government workers. D. Shop assistants.
Our “Mommy and Me” time began two years ago. My next-door neighbor and fellow mother, Christie, and I were out in our front yards, watching seven children of age 6 and under ride their bikes up and down. “I wish I could take one of my children out alone,”said Christie.
Then we worked out a plan: When Christie takes one of her children out, I'll watch her other three. And when she watches two of mine, I'll take someone out.
The children were extremely quick to accept the idea of “Mommy and Me” time. Christie's daughter, McKenzie, went first. When she returned, the other children showered her with tons of questions. McKenzie was smiling broadly. Christie looked refreshed and happy. “she's like a different child when there's no one else around,” Christie shared with me quietly. With her mother all to herself, McKenzie didn't have to make an effort to gain attention.
Just as Christie had noticed changes in McKenzie, I also discovered something different in each of my children during our alone times. For example, I am always surprised when my daughter, who is seldom close to me, holds my hand frequently. My stuttering（口吃的） son, Tom, doesn't stutter once during our activities since he doesn't have to struggle for a chance to speak. And the other son, Sam who's always follower when around other children shines as a leader during our times together.
The “Mommy and Me” time allows us to be simply alone and away with each child--talking, sharing, and laughing, which has been the biggest gain. Every child deserves（应得到） to be an only child at least once in a while.
58.What is the text mainly about?
A. The basic needs of children.
B. The advantage of spending time with one child at a time.
C. The happy life of two families.
D. The experience of the only child being with mother.
59.Right after McKenzie came back, the other children were ________.
A. happy B. curious C. regretful D. friendly
60.What is one of the changes the author finds in her children?
A. Tom has less difficulty in speaking. B. Sam holds her hand more often.
C. The boys become better followers. D. The daughter acts like a leader.
61.The author seems to believe that ________
A. having brothers and sisters is fun B. it's tiring to look after three children
C. every child needs parents' full attention D. parents should watch others' children
粤公网安备 44130202000953号