WhenaSwedishshipthatsank（沉）in1

更新 2022-09-03
科目英语
题型阅读理解
难度中等
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When a Swedish ship that sank（沉） in 1628 was recovered from the port of Stockholm, historians and scientists were overjoyed with the chance to examine the remains of the past. The ship construction showed how ships were built and operated during the seventeenth century. In this way, artifacts, objects made by human beings, provided a picture of daily life almost 400 years ago.
Underwater archaeology(考古)-the study of ships, aircraft and human settlements that have sunk under large bodies of water-is really a product of the last 50 years. The rapid growth of this new area of study has occurred because of the invention of better diving equipment. Besides the Swedish ship wreck(残骸），underwater archaeologists have made more exciting discoveries such as the 5000-year-old boats in the Mediterranean Sea.
Underwater archaeology can provide facts abut the past. In ancient ports all over the world are ships sunken in the past 6, 000 years. There are also sunken settlements in seas and lakes telling of people’s way of life and their systems of trade in ancient times. Underwater archaeologists want to study these objects to add to the world's knowledge of history, but they have to fight two enemies. One enemy is treasure hunters who dive for ancient artifacts that they can sell to collectors. Once sold, these objects are lost to experts. The second enemy is dredging machines(挖掘机）often used to repair ports. These machines destroy wrecks and artifacts or bury them deeper under sand and mud. By teaching the public about the importance of underwater “museums” of the past, archaeologists are hoping to get support for laws to protect underwater treasures.
What purpose does Paragraph 1 serve in the passage?

A．To provide background information of the topic

B．To attract readers' attention to the topic

C．To use an example to support the topic

D．To offer basic knowledge of the topic

The aim of underwater archaeology is to .

A．exploit(开发)water bodies	B．search for underwater life
C．study underwater artifacts	D．examine underwater environment

Underwater archaeologists are worried because_____.

A．sea hunters have better diving equipment　

B．their knowledge of world history is limited　

C．dredging machines cause damage to the ports　

D．sold artifacts can hardly be regained for research

What is the main purpose of the passage?

A．To introduce a young branch(分支) of learning.

B．To discuss the scientists’ problems. 　

C．To explain people’s way of life in the past. 　

D．To describe the sunken ships.

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I'm a 34-year-old man, married, lived in a nice house, and have a successful career as an educational consultant. But my life was not always so great. I had a learning disability from an early age. I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help. Still, I suffered the rest of my school days in public schools.

My life improved remarkably when I discovered art. The art world gave me a chance to express myself without words. I went to a workshop and gradually got good at making things with clay(黏土). Here I learned my first important lesson: disabled as I was in language. I could still be smart and well express myself with clay. And my confidence came along.

I got my next lesson from rock climbing. It was a fun thing but I was scared from the start. I soon noticed it wasn't a talent thing; it was practice. So I did it more. After about five years of climbing, I found myself in Yosemite Valley on a big wall. I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time, you will get better at it.

Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write. Every day I practiced reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. After two hard years, I was literate.

Having gone through the long process with art, rock climbing, and reading and writing, now I've got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown, hard, but interesting.

56. What made the author's school days difficult? (No more than 5 words)

57. Why did art give the author confidence? (No more than 10 words)

58. What lesson did the author learn from rock climbing? (No more than 15 words)

59. What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 4? (No more than 5 words)

60. How does the author's story inspire you to overcome difficulties in life? Put it in your own words. (No more than 20 words)

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Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.

We experience this tiredness in two ways: as start-up fatigue(疲惫) and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it has either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel.

Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first.

Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical(按字母顺序), never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the day's work with the difficult task of essay-writing. Experience proved that the rule works.

Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can-then let the unconscious take over.

When planning E n cyclopaedia Britannica(《大英百科全书》), I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after dat I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.

One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relived, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.

An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind provided correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.

Human beings, I believe must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.

51. People with start-up fatigue are most likely to .

A．	delay tasks
B．	work hard
C．	seek help
D．	accept failure

52. What does the author recommend doing to prevent start-up fatigue?

A．	Writing essays in strict order.
B．	Building up physical strength.
C．	Leaving out the toughest ideas.
D．	Dealing with the hardest task first.

53. On what occasion does a person probably suffer from performance fatigue?

A．	Before starting a difficult task.
B．	When all the solutions fail.
C．	If the job is rather boring.
D．	After finding a way out.

54. According to the author, the unconscious mind may help us .

A．	ignore mental problems
B．	get some nice sleep
C．	gain complete relief
D．	find the right solution

55. What could be the best title for the passage?

A．	Success Is Built upon Failure
B．	How to Handle Performance Fatigue
C．	Getting over Fatigue: A Way to Success
D．	Fatigue: An Early Sign of Health Problems

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When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.

These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. "Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society," said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. "And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them."

Vaillant's study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men's mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.

The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. Working----at any age----is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence---the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn't everything. As Tolstoy once said, "One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one's work."

46. What do we know about John?

A．	He enjoyed his career and marriage.
B．	He had few childhood playmates.
C．	He received little love from his family.
D．	He was envied by others in his childhood.

47. Vaillant's words in Paragraph 2 serve as _____.

A．	a description of personal values and social values
B．	an analysis of how work was related to competence
C．	an example for parents' expectations of their children
D．	an explanation why some boys grew into happy men

48. Vaillant's team obtained their findings by _____.

A．	recording the boys' effort in school
B．	evaluating the men's mental health
C．	comparing different sets of scores
D．	measuring the men's problem solving ability

49. What does the underlined word "sharp" probably mean in Paragraph 4?

A．	Quick to react
B．	Having a thin edge
C．	Clear and definite
D．	sudden and rapid

50. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．	competent adults know more about love than work.
B．	Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.
C．	Love brings more joy to people than work does.
D．	Independence is the key to one's success.

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Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps. As he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for. But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions.

My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports weren't written until the final threat.

I've been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master's degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a "vo-tech" student(技校学生). They're called "motorheads" by the rest of the student body.

When a secretary in my office first called him "motorhead", I was shocked. "Hey, he's a good kid," I wanted to say. "And smart, really."

I learned later that motorheads are, indeed, different. They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes. And they don't often make school honor rolls(光荣榜).

But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. We who labor in clean shirts in offices don't have the abilities that motorheads have. I began to learn this when I had my car crashed. The cost to repair it was estimated at ＄800. "Hey, I can fix it," said Jody. I doubted it , but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.

My son ,with other motorheads, fixed the car. They got parts(零件）from a junkyard, non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbours and co-workers trust their car repair to him.

Since that first repair job, a broken air-conditioner, a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repairs to him.

These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes.

I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need builders. Most important, I have learned that fathers don't need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.

My son may never make the school honor roll. But he made mine.

41. What used to be the author's hope for his son?

A．	To avoid becoming his clone.
B．	To resemble him in appearance.
C．	To develop in a different direction.
D．	To reach the author's unachieved goals.

42. What can we learn about the author's children?

A．	His daughter does better in school.
B．	His daughter has got a master's degree.
C．	His son tried hard to finish homework.
D．	His son couldn't write his book reports.

43. The author let his son repair the car because he believed that_______.

A．	His son had the ability to fix it.
B．	it would save him much time.
C．	it wouldn't cause him any more loss
D．	other motorheads would come to help.

44. In the author's eyes, motorheads are _______.

A．	tidy and hardworking
B．	cheerful and smart
C．	lazy but bright
D．	relaxed but rude

45. What did the author realize in the end?

A．	It is unwise to expect your child to follow your path.
B．	It is important for one to make the honor roll.
C．	Architects play a more important role than builders.
D．	Motorheads have greater ability than office workers.

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A Language Programme for Teenagers

Welcome to Teenagers Abroad! We invite you to join us on an amazing journey of language learning.

Our Courses

Regardless of your choice of course, you'll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively.

Our Standard Course guarantees a significant increase in your confidence in a foreign language, with focused teaching in all 4 skill areas----speaking, listening, reading and writing.

Our Intensive Course builds on our Standard Course, with 10 additional lessons per week, guaranteeing the fastest possible language learning (see table below).

Course Type	Days	Number of Lesson	Course Timetab le
Standard Course	Mon－Ｆｒｉ	２０　ｌｅｓｓｏｎｓ	９：００－１２：３０
Intensive Course	Mon－Ｆｒｉ	２０　ｌｅｓｓｏｎｓ	９：００－１２：３０
Intensive Course	Mon－Ｆｒｉ	１０　ｌｅｓｓｏｎｓ	１３：００－１４：３０

Evaluation

Students　are　placed into classes according to their current language skills. The majority of them take on online language test before starting their programme. However, if this is not available, students sit the exam on the first Monday of their course.

Learning materials are provided to students throughout their course, and there will never be more than 15 participants in each class.

Arrivals and Transfer

Our programme offers the full package-students are take good care of from the start through to the very end. They are collected from the airport upon arrival and brought to their accommodation in comfort. We require the student's full details at least 4 weeks in advance.

Meals/Allergies( 过敏 )/Special Dietary Requirements

Students are provided with breakfast, dinner and either a cooked or packed lunch(which consists of a sandwich, a drink and a dessert). Snacks outside of mealtimes may be purchased by the student individually.

We ask that you let us know of any allergies or dietary requirements as well as information about any medicines you take. Depending on the type of allergies and/ or dietary requirements, an extra charge may be made for providing special food.

36. How does Intensive Course differ from Standard Course?

A．	It is less effective
B．	It focuses on speaking
C．	It includes extra lessons
D．	It give you confidence

37. When can a student attend Standard Course?

A．	13:00-14:30 Monday
B．	9:00-12:30 Tuesday
C．	13:00-14:30 Friday
D．	9:00-12:30 Saturday

38. Before starting their programme, students are expected to _____.

A．	take a language test
B．	have an online interview
C．	prepare learning materials
D．	report their language levels

39. With the full package, the programme organizer is supposed to_____.

A．	inform students of their full flight details
B．	look after students throughout the programme
C．	offer students free sightseeing trips
D．	collect students' luggage in advance

40. Which of the following may require an extra payment?

A．	Cooked dinner.
B．	Mealtime dessert.
C．	Packed lunch.
D．	Special diet.

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