I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly. As a doctor, mother and scientist in child development I believe there is nothing to recommend it, from the baby's point of view.
Mothers, doctors and nurse alike have no idea of where a baby's blood sugar level lies. All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.
It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. The first of the experts to advocate a strict clock-watching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night. I've never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldn't follow a timetable set by the mum. What is important is feeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.
Well, at last we have copper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8, their IQ （智商）scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable. This research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample （样本）of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s,taking account of parental education, family income, a child's sex and age, the mother's health and feeling style. These results don't surprise me. Feeling according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels.
I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeling practices.
| 1． |
According to Paragraph 2, one reason why a baby cries is that it feels.
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| 2． |
What does the author think about Dr King?
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| 3． |
The word copper-bottomed in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to.
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| 4． |
What does the research tell us about feeling a baby on demand?
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| 5． |
The author supports feeling the baby.
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If you feel at present that you don’t have enough friends in your life, one reason may be that you have let yourself become too busy to make time for the relationships you already have. Starting and keeping friendship requires effort and commitment.
Many of us let our lives become so busy with work and other commitments that we don’t get around to scheduling time for pleasure and renewal（叙旧）with the friends, relatives and acquaintances we already have.
Making the effort to call your friends more regularly and to accept more of the invitations you receive from others can improve your social life in a hurry!
Are there any people you could call right now and be assured of a pleasant welcome? Are there people that you could count on to help you in time of difficulty? Can you have close talks with them? Do you have fun when you are together? Are you happy to have them in your life?
If you haven’t seen much of them lately, is it because you have become too busy? Have you grown apart? Was there an argument?
If the main reason you haven’t been getting together with the people you already know is that you have got too busy, take a good look at how you spend your time. Compare it with your real values and priorities（优先考虑的事）in life. Is your busy lifestyle really bringing you the quality of life that you want?
If you have become too busy for friends, why has this happened? Are you seeking material toys in your life at the expense of relationships with other human beings? Have you allowed your time to be over-committed because you never say “No” to anyone? Do you insist on doing things yourself that could be appointed to others? If so, why? Do you believe that everything depends on you?
Examine whether the way you are now spending your time accurately reflects your deepest values and priorities. Make sure that you schedule adequate time for the things that are truly most important to you.
If you really want to keep friends in your life, make a space in your schedule, and a space in your heart for them.
68.In this passage the author mainly discusses ____.
A. how to balance friendship and work
B. how to spend our spare time
C. whether we should keep friendship
D. whether we should invite friends to dinner
69. Which of the following doesn’t indicate a good relationship?
A. You have someone to count on when you are in trouble.
B. You have someone to have close talks with.
C. You have fun when you are with someone.
D. You feel depressed with others in life.
70 .The reason why you have become too busy for friends may be the following EXCEPT that ____.
A. you spend too much time seeking material toys in your life
B. you feel it difficult to keep friendship
C. you stick to doing everything all by yourself
D. you never refuse whatever other people ask you to do
Let children learn to judge their own work．A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time．If corrected too much，he will stop talking。He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use．Bit by bit．he makes the necessary changes to make his language like what other people say．In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught---to work，run，climb，whistle，or ride a bicycle．They compare those performances with those of more skilled people，and slowly make the needed changes。
But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself , let alone correct them．We do it all for him．We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him．or correct it unless he was made to．Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher．Let him do it himself, Let him work out．with the help of other children if he wants it，what this word says，what answer is to that problem，whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not If it is a matter of fight answers，as it may be in mathematics or science，give him the answer book．Let：him correct his own papers．Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find a way to get the right answer．
Let’s end this nonsense of grades，exams and marks．Let us throw them all out，and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn，that is，how to measure their own understanding and how to know what they know or do not know．Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them，with our help as school teachers if they ask for it．The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one，s life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours．Anxious parents and teachers say, “But suppose they fail to learn something essential，something they will need to get in the world?” Don’t worry! If it is essential，they will go out into the world and learn it．
64．What does me author think is the best way for children to learn things?
A．By making mistakes and having them pointed out by others．
B．By having their mistakes corrected．
C．By noticing their problems and making changes．
D．By listening to explanations from skilled people．
65．The passage suggests that learning to speak and leaning to ride a bicycle are_______．
A．not really important skills
B．more important than other skills
C．basically the same in that we learn by practicing and making changes
D．quite different in terms of the way of learning
66．The author fears that if adults always correct mistakes for children，children will grow up to be_________ ．
A．unable to use basic skills B．too critical of themselves
C．fearful of making mistakes D．unable to think for themselves
67．Exams，grades，and marks should be removed because children’s progress should only be assessed by___________．
A．educated persons B．children themselves C．teachers D．parents
Shedding tears(流泪) is a natural way of making us feel more comfortable．When our eyes are made uncomfortable by some small pieces of pollution, or when we are cutting onions, or when we are exhausted(精疲力竭; 疲劳) and have “red-eyes” from overwork and late hours, tears form in our eyes to clean and refresh them．
Tears are also a sign of strong emotion．We cry when we are sad and we cry when we are happy．
And tears seem to be uniquely (惟独) human．We know that animals also experience emotion ——fear, pleasure, loneliness——but they do not shed (流) tears．From this, we can conclude that tears are closely related to the emotional and biological make-up(结构；组成) of the human species．
Biologically speaking, tears are actually drops of saline fluid, which is a little bit salty, produced by a gland (腺) in the body．Because salt is an important component, tears may actually constitute the most conclusive evidence that the human animal is the end product of a long evolutionary process that began in the sea．
And it is clear that, in addition to (除了) the emotional benefits (好处), the shedding of tears has a specific biological function as well．Through tears, we can eliminate from our body certain chemicals which build up in response to stress and create a chemical imbalance(不平衡) in the body．Crying actually makes us feel better by correcting that imbalance and making us feel good again．And thus the emotional and biological functions of tears merge (合并) into one and make us even more “human” than we would otherwise be．
60、According to the passage, human beings may have originated (起源于) in_______．
A. the sea B. the salt C. chemicals D. animals
61、Which of the following is NOT a function of tears?
A. Biological B. Emotional C. Political D. Chemical
62、The underlined word “eliminate” probably mean_______．
A. add B. produce C. replace D. remove
63、Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. Tears are a sign of strong emotion．
B. Tears are always making us feel more comfortable．
C. Tears are uniquely human．
D. Tears have certain biological function．
第三部分阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Marco Polo was born in Venice in 1254．He was the most famous Westerner to visit Asia during the Middle Ages．He wrote a book about his travels．In his book he wrote about all the things he saw and heard．Many people read the book, but few believed what Marco Polo said．He spoke of strange people and places that nobody knew about at that time．But, he even said, “What I have written down is only half of what I have seen．”
As a young man, Marco Polo decided to travel together with his father．It took them more than three years to travel to China．He became the Chinese emperor’s (皇帝)friend．He learned the Chinese language when he traveled around and talked to many people．Before he reached the age of 30 he was made a Chinese official．After nearly 17 years in the east, Marco and his father prepared to return home．When they finally arrived in Venice, their family and friends were surprised to see them again．They had been away for almost 25 years and everybody thought that they must have died a long time ago．
56、What did Marco Polo write about in his book?
A. About Venice． B. About the Chinese emperor．
C. About what he saw and heard in Asia． D. About how he returned home．
57、What did Marco Polo learn Chinese for?
A.To become a Chinese official．
B.To become the Chinese emperor’s friend．
C.To become a translator for his father.
D. To travel around conveniently in China．
58、Which is NOT true according to the text?
A. Marco Polo and his father had been in China for 17 years．
B. Marco Polo and his father spent nearly 5 years returning home．
C. Marco Polo’s father died on the way home．
D. Marco Polo spent more than three years traveling from Venice to China．
59、By saying “What I have written down is only half of what I have seen…”, Marco Polo meant that_________．
A.he only saw half of the country during his stay in China
B.there were still a lot more he couldn’t write down
C. half of the people went to China during that time
D. he wanted to write down the other half of what he saw in China
Harald Kaas was sixty. His back became rounded, and he bent a little. His forehead, always of the broadest－no one else’s hat would fit him － was now one of the highest, that is to say, he had lost all his teeth, which were strong though small, and blackened by smoking. Now, instead of “deuce take it” he said “deush take it”. He had always held his hands half closed as though grasping something; now they stiffened so that he could never open them fully. The little finger of his left hand had been bitten off. According to Harald’s version of the story, the fellow swallowed the piece on the spot.
He was fond of showing off the left part, and it often served as an introduction to the history of brave adventures, which became greater and greater and greater as he grew older and quieter. His small sharp eyes were deep set and looked at one with great intensity. There was power in his individuality. He has no lack of self-respect.
His house, raised on an old foundation, looked out to the south over many islands; farther out were more islands and the open sea. Its eastern wing was barely half furnished, and the western inhabited by Harald Kaas. These wings were connected by a gallery, behind which were the fields and woods to the north.
In the gallery itself were heads of bears, wolves, foxes and lynxes and stuffed birds from land and sea. Skins and guns hung on the walls of the front room. The inner rooms were also full of skins and filled with the smell of wild animals and tobacco-smoke. Harald himself called it “man-smell”; no one who had once put his nose inside could ever forget it. Valuable and beautiful skins hung on the walls and sat, and walked on skins, and each one of them was a subject of conversation. Harald Kaas, seated in his log chair by the fireside, his feet on the bearskin, opened his shirt to show the scars on his hairy chest (and what scars they were) which had been made by a bears teeth, when he had driven his knife, right up to the end, into the monster’s heart. All the tables, and cupboards, and carved chairs listened in their silence.
68．Who or what most probably bit harald Kaass’ little finger off?
A．On of his fellow hunters
B．An adversary in a boxing match
C．A wild animal
D．One of his hunting dogs
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69．Which of the following pictures shows the right description of Harald Kaas’ home?
70．What can we say about Harald Kaas in the story?
A．Brave and strong now , he was the best bunter in the neighborhood.
B．Old and lonely now, he never forgot his great past hunting life.
C．Always greedy and cruel, he was rich by hunting and selling animals.
D．Still active and busy, he managed to protect his neighborhood by killing animals.
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