It was a simple letter asking for a place to study at Scotland’s oldest university which helped start a revolution in higher education. A 140-year-old letter written by a lady calling for her to be allowed to study medicine at St Andrews University has been discovered by researchers. Written by Sophia Jex-Blake in 1873, the seven-page document, which urged the university to allow women to study medicine at the institution, was released yesterday on International Women’s Day.
The document was discovered buried in the university archives (档案) by part-time history student Lis Smith, who is completing her PhD at St Andrews Institute of Scottish Historical Research. She said: “We knew that Sophia Jex-Blake and her supporters, in their effort to open up university medical education for women, had written to the Senatus Academicus (校评议委员会) at St Andrews in an attempt to gain permission to attend classes there, but we didn’t know documentary evidence existed. While searching the archives for information about the university’s higher certificate for women, I was astonished to come across what must be the very letter Jex-Blake wrote.”
In the letter, Sophia and her supporters offered to hire teachers or build suitable buildings for a medical school and to arrange for lectures to be delivered in the subjects not already covered at St Andrews. Although her letter was not successful, it eventually led to the establishment of the Ladies Literate in Arts at St Andrews, a distance-learning degree for women. The qualification, which ran from 1877 until the 1930s, gave women access to university education in the days before they were admitted as students. It was so popular that it survived long after women were admitted as full students to St Andrews in 1892.
Ms Jex-Blake went on to help establish the London School of Medicine for Women in 1874. She was accepted by the University of Berne, where she was awarded a medical degree in January 1877. Eventually, she moved back to Edinburgh and opened her own practice. Sophia wrote a letter to St Andrews University because she wanted _______.
| A．to carry out a research project there |
| B．to set up a medical institute there |
| C．to study medicine there |
| D．to deliver lectures there |
Lis Smith found Sophia’s letter to St Andrews University _______.
| A．by pure chance |
| B．in the school office |
| C．with her supporters’ help |
| D．while reading history books |
Sophia’s letter resulted in the establishment of _______.
| A．the London School of Medicine for Women |
| B．a degree programme for women |
| C．a system of medical education |
| D．the University of Berne |
When did St Andrews University begin to take full-time women students?
| A．In 1873. |
| B．In 1874. |
| C．In 1877. |
| D．In 1892. |
How do successful people think? What drives them? Interviews and investigations indicate that there are several keys to success that successful people share.
First of all, successful people never blame someone or something outside of themselves for their failure to go ahead. They realize that their failure lies in their own hands. They understand that they cannot control things in life, such as nature, the past and other people. But in the meantime, they are well aware that they can control their own thoughts and actions. They take responsibility for their life and regard this as one of the most empowering(给人以权利的) things they can do. Perhaps what most separate successful people from others is that they live life “on purpose”-they are doing what they believe they are put here to do. In their opinion, having a purpose in their life is the most important element that enables them to become fully functioning people. They hold that when they live their life on purpose, their main concern is to do the job right. They love what they do-and it shows. People want to do business with them because of their commitment(投入、献身). To live their life on purpose, successful people find a cause they believe in and create a business around it. Besides, they never easily give up. Once they have set up goals in their life, they’re willing to do whatever it takes to achieve their goals. Top achievers always bear in mind that they don’t have forever.
Rather than seeing it negative or depressing, they use the knowledge to support themselves and go after what they want energetically and passionately.
56. Successful people owe their failure to ___.
A. others B. the society C. themselves D. their fate
57. Successful people know that they can only control ___ forever.
A. society B. the past C. their thoughts and actions D. other people
58. The biggest difference between successful people and general people is that ___.
A. successful people have a purpose in life B. successful people can work hard
C. successful people have better minds D. successful people can always win support
59. People like to do business with successful people because of their ___.
A. money B. cleverness C. fame D. devotion to work
60. The writer wants to tell us ___.
A.how people live on purpose B. how people can be successful
C. how people make plans D. how people do business
So you have been called for an interview－well done. Your effort has paid off. Now go to get the job. You will feel better at the interview if you show an understanding of the nature of the organization.
Ask someone who already does it or check it out with one of the advisers.
Ask a member of family or a friend to act as the employer and to give you a practice interview. Afterwards discuss how
it went.
Think about how the employer would prefer to see your look. Remember most of the employers are over 30. It is not wise to buy new clothes that will be worn for the first time at the interview. It’s best to wear a familiar dress.
Carelessness in any of these could cost you the job. Arrive at least 15 minutes ahead of time. This will give you a chance to have a look around， read the notice board and get the feel of the place. Being late at interviews produces a bad impression. The first impression the interviewer gets of you is formed as you walk through the door， so take a couple of deep breaths.
Be ready to shake hands if the interviewer offers.
Don’t take a seat until asked. Then sit comfortably.
Remember the interviewer’s name and use it from time to time.
Be ready for the question “Is there anything you want to ask？” Before the interview you should get ready for two or three such questions. Look on these not just as a chance to get information but as a means to leave a better impression. Asking can show knowledge and avoid asking about holidays， pension(养老金)and so on. You can check on these later when the hopedfor job is offered.
And if you fail， look upon the interview as an experience in itself. Learn from it.
We wish you good luck and good job hunting.
44. To make a good impression on the interviewer， it is important for you .
A. to walk through the door quickly B. to be a little late for the interview
C. to wear your new clothes for the first time
D. to remember the interviewer’s name and use it sometimes
45. Which of the following can you do during a job interview？
A. Remain quiet to show your calmness.
B. Discuss the pay， holidays and such things with the interviewer.
C. Ask the interviewer some personal questions such as age， marriage.
D. Be brave enough to say something about your advantage in choosing the job.
46. In which order do people usually do these steps before a job interview？
a. Asking a friend to give you a practice interview.
b. Understanding the nature of the organization.
c. Paying attention to your clothes.
d. Arriving at the place of the interview ahead of time.
e. Getting some information from the advisers.
A. a， e， b， c， d B. d， c， b， a， e
C. b， e， a， c， d D. e， d， a， b， c
47. The underlined sentence “Carelessness in any of these could cost you the job” means .
A. if you are careless， you’re sure to pay some money for the interview
B. carelessness might lead to your failure in the interview
C. to be successful in job hunting， you should pay for it
D. it sometimes needs carelessness to make you feel comfortable
第二部分：阅读理解（共25小题；每小题2分，满分50分）
第一节 阅读下面的短文，然后从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C或D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
Susan Williams went to a boarding(寄膳宿)school. Here is one of the letters she wrote to her parents from the school.
Dear Mom and Dad，
I’m afraid I have some very bad news for you. I have been very naughty and the school headmaster is very angry with me. She is going to write to you. You must come and take me away from here. She does not want me in the school any longer.
The trouble started last night when I was smoking a cigarette in bed. This is against the rules， of course. We are not supposed to smoke at all.
As I was smoking， I heard footsteps coming towards the room. I did not want a teacher to catch me smoking， so I threw the cigarette away. Unfortunately， the cigarette fell into the wastepaper basket， which caught fire. There was a curtain near the wastepaper basket which caught fire， too. Soon the whole room was burning. The headmaster phoned for the fire department. The school is a long way from the town and by the time the firefighters arrived， the whole school was in flames. Many of the girls are in the hospital.
The headmaster says that the fire was all my fault and you must pay for the damage. She will send you a bill for about a million dollars.
I am very sorry about this.
Much love， Susan.
P. S. None of the above is true， but I have failed my exams， I just want you to know how bad things could have been！
41. In this letter Susan wanted .
A. to tell her parents about the fire B. to ask for a million dollars
C. to tell her parents she had failed her exams D. to tell her parents she had to leave school
42. The headmaster might be angry with Susan because .
A. she had failed her exams
B. she had been caught smoking in bed
C. she had not phoned for the fire department in time
D. it was her fault that the school had caught fire
43. Susan told her parents about the fire .
A. to warn them about what the headmaster would do
B. to make them less angry at her real news
C. to make them feel worried
D. to make them laugh
It’s not easy being a teenager（13至19岁青少年）—nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your child feel angry, hurt, or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself. It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while gently letting him know that you you’ll still be there for him when he needs you.
Expect a lot from your child, just not everything. Except for health and safety problems, such as drug use or careless driving; consider everything else open to discussion. If your child is unwilling to discuss something, don’t insist he tell you what’s on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that he’ll clam up. Instead , let him attempt to solve（解决）things by himself. At the same time, remind him that you’re always there for him if d he seeks advice or help. Show respect for your teenager’s privacy （隐私）. Never read his mail or listen in on personal conversions.
Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family. If your child talks on the family’s telephone for too long, tell him he can talk for15 minutes, but then he must stay off the phone for at least an equal period of time. This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls, but teaches your teenager moderation（节制）. Or if you are open to the idea, allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part –time jobWhat does the phrase “clam up” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
| A．become excited | B．show respect |
| C．refuse to talk | D．seek help |
The last paragraph is about how to teach a teenager
| A．to use the phone in a sensible way |
| B．to pay for his own telephone |
| C．to share the phone quickly |
| D．to answer the phone quickly |
What should parents do in raising a teenager according to the text?
| A．Nor allow him to learn driving or take drugs |
| B．Give him advice only when necessary |
| C．Let him have his own telephone |
| D．Not talk about personal things with him |
When I met him, I had a lot of anger inside of me. I have lived my whole life in Spanish Harlem, but in my neighborhood, there are shoot-ups all the time. I know kids who have been shot or beaten up. I have friends who ended up in prison. I could have ended up that way, too, but Mr. Clark would not let that happen.
Mr. Clark worked long hours, making sure I did my work. My grades rose. In fact the scores of our whole class rose. One day, he took our class to see The Phantom of the Opera, and it was the first time some kids had ever been out of Harlem. Before the show, he treated us to dinner at a restaurant and taught us not to talk with our mouths full. We did not let him down.
Mr. Clark was selected as Disney’s 2000 Teacher of the Year. He said he would draw three names out of a hat; those students would go with him to Los Angeles to get the award. But when the time came to draw names, Mr. Clark said,”You are all going.”;
On graduation day, there were a lot of tears. We did not want his class to end. In 2001, he moved to Atlanta, but he always kept in touch. He started giving lectures about education, and wrote a bestselling book based on his classroom rules, The Essential 55. in 2003, Mr Clark took some of us on a trip to South Africa to deliver school supplies and visit orphanages. It was the most amazing experience of my life. It is my dream to one day start a group of women’s clubs, helping people from all backgrounds.Without Mr. Clark, the writer______.
| A．might have been put into prison. |
| B．might not have won the prize. |
| C．might have joined a women’s club. |
| D．might not have moved to Atlanta. |
The Essential 55 is______.
| A．a show. | B．a speech | C．a classroom rule | D．a book. |
How many students’ names were finally drawn out of a hat by Mr. Clark?
| A．None. | B．Three. | C．Fifty-five. | D．all |
In the passage, the writer intends to tell us that______.
| A．Mr. Clark went to South Africa because he liked travelling. |
| B．Mr. Clark helped to set up a group of women’s clubs. |
| C．a good teacher can help raise his or her students’ scores. |
| D．a good teacher has a good influence on his or her students. |
粤公网安备 44130202000953号