Astronauts on shorter shuttle missions（使命）often work very long days. Tasks are scheduled so tightly that break times are often used to finish the day’s work. This type of schedule is far too demanding for long missions on the International Space Station（ISS）. ISS crewmembers usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year. They work five days on and two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible . Weekends give the crew valuable. Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework. They can communicate with family and friends by email , internet phone and through Private video conferences.
While astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in orbit, there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy . Before a mission. The family and friends of each ISS crewmember put together a collection of family photos, messages, videos and reading material for
The astronauts to look at when they will be floating 370 kilometers above the Earth. During their mission, the crew also receives care packages with CDs, books, magazines, photos and letters . And as from early 2010, the internet became available on the ISS , giving astronauts the chance to do some “web surfing （冲浪）”in their personal time. Besides relaxing with these more common entertainments, astronauts can simply enjoy the experience of living in space.
Many astronauts say that one of the most relaxing things to do in space is to look out the window and stare at the universe and the Earth’s vast land mass and oceans. What does the word “mimic ”in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
| A． Find | B． Copy |
| C．Change | D．Lose |
Which of the following best describes the families of the astromauts on the ISS ?
| A． The are caring and thoughtful. |
| B． The are impatient and annoyed. |
| C． The are impatient and annoyed. |
| D． The are excited and curious. |
In the final paragraph, the author shows that astronauts .
| A． get more pleasure in space than on the Earth |
| B． find living in space a bit boring and tiring |
| C． regard space life as common |
| D． love to see the Earth from space |
The passage mainly discusses how astronauts .
| A． work for longer missions in space |
| B． connect with people on the Earth |
| C． observe the Earth from space |
| D． spend their free time in space |
Phil Donahue，the former television talk show host，had something of a reputation for giving clergy（神职人员）a hard time，and he has said the reason he’s that way is that he has little respect for them．Most clergy will do anything for some media attention，he says．In his autobiography(自传)，however, he tells about an encounter with a minister who was different．It happened while Donahue was a young television reporter in Ohio，and one day he was sent to West Virginia in the bitter cold winter to cover a mine disaster．He went by himself in a battered little car, carrying a mini camera to film the story．
It was so cold when he got there，however, the camera wouldn’t work．So he put it inside his coat to warm it up enough to run．In the meantime，the families of the trapped miners were gathered around．The),were just simple mining people—women，old men，and children．Several of the trapped men were fathers．
Then the local minister arrived．He was tall and thin，and he didn’t speak well at a11．But he gathered all the families around in a circle，and the held one another in their arms while he prayed for them．
As this was going on，Donahue was still trying to get his camera to work，and he was extremely disappointed because he couldn’t film the scene．Finally，after the prayer was over，Donahue managed to get his camera operating．So he told the minister he had his camera working now and asked if the minister would please do the prayer again so he could film it for the evening news．
This simple West Virginia preacher, however，told Donahue，“Young man，we don’t pray for the news．I’m sorry，but we’ve already prayed，and I will not pose．”
To this day，Donahue remembers that minister with respect．You don’t forget that kind of character，no matter who you are or what you believe．We can learn from Paragraph 1 that Donahue _______________．
| A．used to show much respect for clergy |
| B．thinks most clergy tend to attract media attention |
| C．used to have a hard time dealing with clergy |
| D．always misunderstands clergy |
For what purpose did Donahue go to West Virginia one day?
| A．To report on an accident． |
| B．To rescue the miners． |
| C．To film the praying of a minister． |
| D．To witness a disaster． |
What do we know about Donahue’s camera?
| A．It was advanced and hard to operate． |
| B．The low temperature prevented it working properly． |
| C．It was all right before the prayer started． |
| D．It needed to be repaired． |
What did the minister refuse to do?
| A．To pray for the accident． |
| B．To make up the news． |
| C．To cooperate with the reporter． |
| D．To pray for the trapped miners on TV |
What’s the main idea of the passage?
| A．The clergy are having a hard time． |
| B．Praying saved the trapped miners． |
| C．A minister who gains Donahue’s respect． |
| D．A mine disaster happened in Virginia． |
Shirley Temple, who died on February 10, 2014, was that rare example of a Hollywood child star who, when the cameras stopped rolling, carved out a new career.
For four years, she was Hollywood’s biggest box-office star representing the kind of sweet, innocent girl that everyone wanted as their daughter. However, years later, she reappeared as a successful politician.
Shirley Temple was born in Santa Monica, California on 23 April 1928. Encouraged by her mother, she learned to dance while she was just three.
In 1934, Stand Up and Cheer became her first film and the film was a great success. At the age of six she was earning $1,250 a week — more than $21,000 at today’s values.
Across the world, audiences flocked to see her in films such as Little Miss Marker, The Little Colonel and The Littlest Rebel.
In 1935 she was awarded a special Oscar (Academy Award) and her foot and hand prints were added to those of stars such as Jean Harlow and Mary Pickford outside Grauman’s Chinese theatre in Hollywood. The peak of her film career came in 1939 when The Little Princess became a box-office success.
Temple starred in a total of 43 feature films. But she found it difficult to maintain her film career in adulthood and retired from Hollywood in 1950.
She disappeared from the spotlight for nearly 20 years. She returned to the public eye in 1967, as a Republican candidate for Congress. When Nixon became president, he rewarded her with an appointment to the American delegation to the United Nations. Then, in 1974, President Ford appointed her the United States Ambassador(大使) to Ghana. George Bush Snr, appointed her Ambassador to Czechoslovakia.
Shirley Temple drew a line between her childhood stardom and her later political career. “Some people are stuck on this image of the little girl,” she once said. “She is not me. We shouldn’t live in the past; my life is now.” Nevertheless, for many across the world, the name Shirley Temple always called to mind a superstar child.Shirley Temple died at the age of _____.
| A．75 | B．80 | C．86 | D．90 |
What happened to Shirley Temple when she was 7 years old?
| A．She won a special Oscar. | B．She began to learn to dance. |
| C．She appeared in her first film. | D．She retired from Hollywood. |
Which of the following represents the peak of Shirley Temple’s film career?
| A．Stand Up and Cheer. | B．Little Miss Marker. |
| C．The Little Colonel. | D．The Little Princess. |
We can infer that _____.
| A．the films in which Shirley Temple starred in adulthood were not popular |
| B．Jean Harlow and Mary Pickford appeared in the same film with Temple |
| C．Shirley Temple succeeded in being elected as Congresswoman in 1967 |
| D．Shirley Temple was the youngest person to receive an Academy Award |
Human civilization has truly come a long way．From using animals for transport to the super fast automobiles that we have today．From using flint to making fire to using one touch lighters．But there are some things that we will never let go of．Some ancient traditions that have been brought down through the ages are still followed today．
Groundhog Day(土拔鼠节)，falls on the 2nd of February every year．It is observed in the United States and Canada．While this day may be a public holiday and a bank holiday，it is not a compulsory holiday declared by the government．But this is not so for all the states．State-wise holidays may vary．
Ever heard of Punxsutawney Phil? Groundhog Day is observed because of this groundhog．The day is indeed about a groundhog．Punxsutawney is the name of an apparently weather forecasting groundhog．He lives in his burrow(洞穴)on Gobler’s Knob，Punxsutawney in Pennsylvania，for a short period before the 2nd of February every year．On the 2nd of February，Phil comes out from his burrow and looks for his shadow．If he sees his shadow and goes back into the burrow，then America will have an extended winter of six weeks，But if he cannot see his shadow，and he remains outside．It means winter will soon end and spring will arrive very shortly .Phil has been‘predicting’the length of winter in this manner for almost a century and they have always been almost 100％ accurate．
Groundhog Day is celebrated in some parts of the USA and Canada．The largest celebration is held at Punxsutawney，Pennsylvania．People come in scores to visit Punxsutawney Phil．They wait eagerly, camping days in advance，to see the small groundhog appear from his burrow，check for his shadow and either go back in or stay out．People cheer when they hear it is time for winter to end and celebrate by eating sweets and singing and dancing．Today．the Groundhog Day is a widespread tradition and an exciting event．People celebrate Groundhog Day because ______________.
| A．some sweets are provided on Groundhog Day |
| B．more and more people love groundhogs |
| C．the groundhog predicts the beginning of spring |
| D．Punxsutawney Phil is worth respecting |
What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 1？
| A．Human civilization has a long history． |
| B．Some old traditions should be carried on． |
| C．Human civilization develops very fast． |
| D．Some old traditions have disappeared． |
We learn from the passage that Punxsutawney Phil ____________．
| A．forecasts the weather based on his shadow |
| B．witnesses the history of human development |
| C．organizes celebrations on Groundhog Day |
| D．gives performances on Groundhog Day |
We may infer from the passage that ________________．
| A．groundhogs will replace TV weathermen soon |
| B．groundhogs can forecast the weather accurately |
| C．Groundhog Day is becoming popular in the US and Canada |
| D．a longer shadow of a groundhog indicates a longer winter |
Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
| A．Winter will end if the groundhog goes back into the burrow. |
| B．Groundhog Day is a compulsory’holiday in the US and Canada． |
| C．A groundhog will remain outside if he sees his shadows on 2nd，Feb． |
| D．The celebration in Punxsutawney attracts large numbers of visitors． |
Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured(施肥)a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars (纪念柱) in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized.
Animals fight; so do savages (野蛮人); hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently －this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done －is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And it not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.
That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or disabled. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets －while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life － nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.In the opening sentence the author indicates that ________.
| A．conquerors, generals and soldiers should not be mentioned in history books. |
| B．history books focus more on those who helped civilization forward. |
| C．those who truly helped civilization forward is rarely mentioned in history books. |
| D．most history books were written by conquerors, generals and soldiers. |
In the author’s opinion, the countries that ruled over a large number of other countries are
| A．certainly both the greatest and the most civilized |
| B．neither the most influential nor the most civilized. |
| C．possibly the most civilized but not the most powerful. |
| D．likely the greatest in some sense but not the most civilized. |
The meaning of “it means saying that might is right.”(The last sentence of Paragraph 2) is that ________.
| A．in a war only those who are powerful will win. |
| B．those who are right should fight against those who are wrong. |
| C．only those who are powerful have the right to go to war. |
| D．those who fight believe that the winner is right and the loser wrong. |
In the third paragraph, what the author wants to convey to us is that ________.
| A．we have fought fewer wars but suffered heavier casualties. |
| B．modern time is not so civilized compared with the past. |
| C．our age is not much better than those of the past. |
| D．World War I and World War II are different from previous wars. |
According to the passage, who helped civilization forward?
A. The pioneers in science and technology.
B. Conquerors and generals.
C. Those setting disputes by force.
The experts in military matters This passage is most likely taken from an article entitled ________.
| A．Who Should Be Remembered |
| B．Civilization and History |
| C．War and World Peace |
| D．Great conquerors in the world |
Scientists have long puzzled over how iguanas, a group of lizards(蜥蜴) mostly found in the Americas, came to live in the isolated Pacific islands of Fiji and Tonga. Some scientists used to suppose that they must have traveled there on a raft, a journey of around 5,000 miles from South America to the islands. There are documented cases of iguanas reaching remote Caribbean islands and the Galapagos Islands on floating logs. But new research in January by Brice Noonan and Jack Sites suggested that iguanas may have simply walked to Fiji and Tonga when the islands were still a part of an ancient southern supercontinent.
The ancient supercontinent was made up of present-day Africa, Australia, Antarctica and parts of Asia. If that’s the case, the island species would need to be very old. Using “molecular (分子) clock” analysis of living iguanas’ DNA, Noonan and Sites found that, sure enough, the lineage of iguanas has been around for more than 60 million years—easily old enough to have been in the area when the islands were still connected by land bridges to Asia or Australia.
Fossils (化石) uncovered in Mongolia suggest that iguanid ancestors did once live in Asia. Though there’s currently no fossil evidence of iguanas in Australia, that doesn’t necessarily mean they were never there. “The fossil record of this continent is surprisingly poor and cannot be taken as evidence of true absence,” the authors write.
So if the iguanas simply walked to Fiji and Tonga from Asia or possibly Australia, why are they not also found on the rest of the Pacific islands? Noonan and Sites say fossil evidence suggests that iguana species did once inhabit other islands, but went extinct right around the time when humans settled in those islands. But Fiji and Tonga have a much shorter history of human presence, which may have helped the iguanas living there to escape extinction.
The researchers say that their study can’t completely rule out the rafting theory, but it does make the land bridge theory “far more reasonable than previously thought.” What did some scientists previously believe about the iguanas?
| A．They were once discovered in America. |
| B．They traveled by raft to Fiji and Tonga. |
| C．They could survive in poor living conditions. |
| D．They moved to Fiji and Tonga from Australia. |
According to Noonan and Sites, 60 million years ago ____.
| A．the land of the world was a supercontinent |
| B．Fiji and Tonga were connected to Asia or Australia |
| C．Africa, Australia and America were a continent |
| D．iguanas walked to Fiji and Tonga from Africa |
The underline word “lineage” in Paragraph 2 probably refers to ____.
| A．conditions in which creatures can survive |
| B．the change in ancient plants and animals. |
| C．the line of generations of an ancestor |
| D．the habitat of a type of an ancient animal |
What is the main topic of this passage?
| A．The life span of animals living on the ancient supercontinent. |
| B．The two islands being home to several iguana species in the Pacific region. |
| C．The fossil evidence suggesting iguanas’ ancestors’ swimming to Fiji and Tonga |
| D．By raft or by land — how did iguanas reach the tiny Pacific islands? |
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