Kong Zi , also called Confucius (551-479 B.C) , and Socrates（苏格拉底） (469-399 B. C) lived only a hundred years apart , and during their lifetimes there was no contact （联系）between China and Greece, but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers（哲学家） came from shaped their ideas , and how these ideas in turn ,shaped their societies.
Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life:” Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.” He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some bad more potential than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on the individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that the superior class should rule the inferior(下层的)classes.
For Socrates, the family was of no importance, and the community of little concern. For Confucius, however, the family was the centre of the society, with family relations considered much more important than political relations.
Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes.Which of the following is TURE according to the first paragraph?
| A．Socrates and Confucius had much in common, |
| B．Confucius had much influence on Socrates’ ideas. |
| C．The societies were influenced by the philosophers’ ideas. |
| D．There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece. |
Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that .
| A．all men were equal when they were born |
| B．the lower classes should be ruled by the upper class |
| C．the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdom |
| D．people should not ask others to do what they did not want to |
What made some people different from others according to Confucius?
| A． Family. | B．Potential（潜力）. | C．Knowledge. | D．Community. |
I am a professor of sports and exercise so I often deal with nervousness ill my research with sports people. Actually, most people experience nervousness at some time or another.
If you are feeling anxious, my advice is to first find the causes. Make a list of those things that are making you nervous and work out which ones you can do something about. Focus all of your efforts on managing the causes that you can control.
Most people cannot tell the difference between controllable(可控制的)and uncontrollable causes, so things they can't control become a big reason for nervousness. Dealing with this is very important if people want to keep a healthy mind.
Simply try to accept the uncontrollable causes of nervousness. You might be worried about the weather on a big day, an accident or an attack on the train, or perhaps just things that other people are doing at work. The results may be very important but there is still no use worrying because you can't control any of these things. Accept that you can't control everything. Once you understand this, it becomes easier not to worry.
If a situation, such as swimming, is causing you to be anxious, try to face it as often as possible so that you can get used to it.
It can often help to think about yourself doing the thing that makes you nervous-then close your eyes and imagine it going well. Imagine how the flight or job interview is going to happen so that you can get used to it. This will help you understand that the thing you fear most is probably not going to happen. Who wrote this passage?
| A．A reporter. |
| B．A sportsman. |
| C．A patient. |
| D．A professor. |
The writer thinks there is no use worrying aboutsome causes of nervousness because _________.
| A．most are not very important |
| B．they are not the real causes of the problem |
| C．they cannot be controlled by people |
| D．it's better to deal with one cause at a time |
If swimming makes you nervous, what should youdo according to the writer?
| A．Go swimming often to get used to it. |
| B．Avoid going to the swimming pool. |
| C．Find a swimming teacher. |
| D．Imagine watching others swim. |
What is true about nervousness according to the passage?
| A．It usually has only one cause. |
| B．It is usually caused by people. |
| C．People can easily manage it. |
| D．Most people suffer from it. |
What is the main purpose of this passage?
| A．To introduce the writer's sports experience. |
| B．To advise on how to deal with nervousness. |
| C．To help people remember their fears. |
| D．To explain the dangers of nervousness. |
China's first female astronaut Liu Yang, together with her two male crew mates Jing Haipeng and Liu Wang, met the media on Friday. The three astronauts boarded the ShenzhouⅨ spacecraft on Saturday at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China to fulfill China's first manned space docking mission.
"I am grateful to the motherland and the people. I feel honored to fly into space on behalf of hundreds of millions of female Chinese citizens, "said Liu Yang. She said that to be an astronaut, one has to obtain a lot of theoretical knowledge, go through very challenging space living environment training and survive examinations on operation skills with no error.
"The sense of mission and responsibility as well as the passion for aerospace undertakings is the source of courage to overcome difficulties," she said.
"When I was a pilot, I flew in the sky. Now I am an astronaut, I will fly in space. That will be a higher and farther flight, "Liu said.
She said many tasks had been arranged for this space trip. "Aside from fulfilling the tasks, I want to experience the fantastic environment in space and appreciate the beautiful Earth and our homeland from space."
She said she would keep a detailed record of her feelings and experiences and share with scientists and future astronauts when she came back.
"I will live up to your expectations and work with my teammates to fulfil this space mission," she said.
All three crew members are former pilots of the People's Liberation Army (PLA). They are all members of the Communist Party of China.
Enlisted in the army in 1997, Liu was an experienced pilot with 1,680 hours of flying experience and the deputy head of a flight unit of the PLA's Air Force before being enlisted into China's second group of prospective astronauts in May 2010. She is now an air force major.
After two years of training that has shored up her astronautic skills and adaptability to the space environment, Liu excelled in testing and was selected in March this year as a candidate to crew the ShenzhouⅨ. According to Liu Yang, we know all the following are necessary for an astronaut except _____.
| A．obtaining a lot of theoretical knowledge |
| B．surviving examinations on operation skills |
| C．experiencing space living environment training |
| D．keeping calm and confident in any case |
Which of the following is TRUE about Liu Yangfrom the passage?
| A．Liu once was head of a flight unit of the PLA's Air Force. |
| B．Liu Yang has become an air force major in 1997. |
| C．She was enlisted into China's second group of prospective astronauts in 2010. |
| D．After three years of training Liu was selected as a candidate． |
The underlined phrase in the last paragraph probably means“______”．
| A．build up |
| B．put up |
| C．take up |
| D．bring up |
Hallmark arrived in my hometown of Calcutta, India when I was 16. On Valentine's Day, I waited in line with many other teenagers just for a chance to get into the store. I remember wishing two things. One of them is that the good-looking boy whom I could see through the store window was picking out a gift for me. Unfortunately, Valentine's Day passed and I received nothing but a lecture from my father on how Western capitalism (资本主义) was ruining our culture.
The next Valentine's Day, I still didn't have a boyfriend, but I did receive a greeting card from a secret admirer. I can't remember what it exactly said inside the card, but it hardly mattered. I know I'm not the only one who's had the blues because of being single on Valentine's Day.
It's not just on Valentine's Day that I'm reminded of these feelings. One night, my friend and I were at the subway station in New York City waiting for the local to arrive. The station was mostly full of college students, and later an older couple walked in. Just at that moment, a street musician started playingShe's only a Woman to Me. The couple began dancing around the station and was lost in their own world. On the train. I found myself recalling the time when I was with a date at the subway station, and there he picked me up in his arms like I was a ballerina(芭蕾舞女演员).
My view of romance has changed from when I was 16 in Calcutta to now, 23, and living in Manhattan. This year, I won't focus all my romantic expectations on one particular day. I'll spend Valentine's Day with friends in New York City. But I won't try to hide somewhere or turn off my cellphone. Instead, I'll help my coupled-up friends pack for their weekend trips to Rome.The underlined word "Hallmark" in Paragraph 1 probably refers to a ______.
| A．city |
| B．street |
| C．store |
| D．man |
According to Paragraph 2, if someone has the blues, he is probably ______.
| A．lonely |
| B．angry |
| C．excited |
| D．sad |
Who made the writer recall her romantic experience at the subway station?
| A．One of her friends. |
| B．The college students. |
| C．The dancing couple. |
| D．The street musician. |
What is implied in the passage?
| A．The writer now has a boyfriend. |
| B．The writer now is afraid of Valentine's Day. |
| C．The writer will go to Rome with her coupled-up friends. |
| D．The writer's attitude towards Valentine's Day has changed. |
Teachers battle student stress
Teachers of Anna University participate in a workshop on helping students deal with stress. How do you handle an adolescent who refuses to speak, even about his project, or a student who is very attentive in class but fails to perform in examinations?
Two months the before a new group of students enter engineering colleges, lecturers and professors of Anna University are being advised on how to handle students and help them handle stress better.
In a series of workshops organized by the Centre for Empowerment of Women, Anna University, the lecturers are trained in specific ways to help students understand personal and academic stress.
"Students come here from varied backgrounds and the biggest challenge is to get them to open up and speak boldly," said HemaAchyuthan, director of Centre for Empowerment of Women.
The workshop on Friday was handled by Counsellor PrabhaArun who said that students tend to approach only those teachers who make them feel relaxed. Lecturers assume that college students are more responsible but the transition from school often takes time.
"Observing students' behaviour helps a lot, "said teachers. Y. Vidhya Lakshmi, a physics lecturer, said, "We might observe a student behaving differently but only when we talk to hostel wardens do we get a better picture of his recent activities. Also, the fact that teachers keep changing every semester does not allow students to establish longer relationships with them."
Teachers say that the 45 minutes allocated every week for counselling students is hardly adequate to understand their problems. Also, teachers are expected to shoulder more responsibilities, such as handling additional programs and submitting research papers. This leaves them with very little time to communicate with students. Teachers of Anna University attend the workshop so that they can help students _______.
| A．have the ability to speak |
| B．fight with their stress |
| C．adapt to the university life well |
| D．gain higher grades in exams |
We can know from the passage that _ _
| A．two months after the new students enter the college, teachers will be trained in workshops |
| B．the biggest difficulty for the new students entering the college is to speak freely and boldly |
| C．PrabhaArun is a physics lecturer and also a director in Anna University |
| D．lecturers think that school takes up more responsibility for the students' stress |
Students have difficulty in setting up longer relationships with teachers because _______.
| A．teachers are not always available at any time |
| B．teachers keep changing every semester |
| C．students are busy with their project all the time |
| D．students are bearing too much pressure |
The underlined' word in the last paragraph probably means "______".
| A．set aside |
| B．put down |
| C．set up |
| D．cut out |
News One
Much of Pakistan faces more storms in the coming days. Heavy rains have already caused more than two weeks of record flooding. Health officials worry about disease spreading because of a lack of clean drinking water. The United Nations wants four hundred and sixty million dollars to provide immediate help for fourteen million people affected by the flooding. About l,600 people have died because of the floods.
The Pakistani ambassador(大使) to the UN says the floods could limit his country's economic growth this year. The cotton industry has been hit especially hard. Pakistan has cancelled official Independence Day celebrations that were set for Saturday.
News Two
Russian officials are reporting progress against wildfires that have blackened parts of the country and polluted the air. Russia has requested technical assistance. President Obama called President Dmitri Medvedev on Thursday to tell him that American firefighting equipment is on the way.
A girl in Moscow wears a mask to protect herself from thick smoke caused by wildfires last week. The fires are not the only problem. President Medvedev says Russia has lost about one-fourth of its grain crops this year because of heat and dry weather. Prime Minister Vladimir Putin has banned grain exports until the end of the year. Russia is a major wheat exporter. But crops have been hit hard by the record heat this summer. During the past week, bread prices in Russia have jumped by twenty percent.
But skies cleared over Moscow after days of heavy pollution, and there were cooling rains. The city set a new record for itself when temperatures reached thirty-nine degrees Celsius on July 30.
News Three
American scientists reported on Friday that this July was the second warmest worldwide in records dating back to 1880. The government report said the average temperature for January through July was the warmest on record. Global warming keeps the temperature growing year by year.What does News One talk about?
| A．The record floods happened in Pakistan. |
| B．The celebrations of Independence Day. |
| C．The reason of the floods. |
| D．The trouble of Pakistan caused by wildfires. |
It is implied in News One that _____
| A．Pakistan is often hit by heavy storms |
| B．the floods have caused a loss to Pakistan's economy |
| C．many countries are willing to help Pakistan |
| D．most people in Pakistan are threatened by diseases |
What does the underlined word "assistance" in News Two mean?
| A．Help. |
| B．Information. |
| C．Skill. |
| D．Guide. |
From the passage we know that the wildfires in Russia ______.
| A．were started by human activities |
| B．have been put off by cooling rains |
| C．have affected the prices of bread in the country |
| D．caused the country to import wheat from other countries |
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