In the West, advertisements are the fuel that makes mass media (大众传媒) work. Many TV stations, newspapers, magazines, radio stations are privately owned. The government does not give them money. So where does the money come from? From advertisements. Without advertisements, there would not be these private businesses.
Have you ever asked yourself what advertising is? Through the years, people have given different answers to the question. For some time it was felt that advertising was a means of “keeping your name before the public”. And some people thought that advertising was “truth well told”. Now more and more people consider it in this way: Advertising is the paid, non-personal, and usually persuasive presentation of goods, services and ideas by some certain sponsors (赞助商) through various media.
First, advertising is usually paid for. Various sponsors pay for the advertisements we see, read, and hear over the various media. Second, advertising is non-personal. It is not face-to-face communication. Although you may feel that a message in a certain advertisement is aimed directly at you, in fact, it is directed at large groups of people. Third, advertising is usually persuasive. Directly or indirectly it asks people to do something. All advertisements try to make people believe that the product, idea, or service advertised can benefit them. Fourth, the sponsors of the advertisement must show their names. From the advertisement, we can see if the sponsor is a company, or a single person. Fifth, advertising reaches us through old and modern mass media. Included in the old media are newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and films. Modern media include emails, matchbox covers, and boards on top of buildings.The existence of the privately owned mass media depends on the support of ________.
| A．the government | B．their owners families |
| C．advertisements | D．the TV stations |
The passage seems to say that different ideas about what advertising is are given due to ________.
| A．the change of time | B．the subject of the advertisements |
| C．people’s age difference | D．people’s different opinions |
Which of the following is considered modern mass media? ________.
| A．Newspapers | B．Emails | C．Magazines | D．Films |
According to the passage, which of the following statements about advertisements is NOT true?
| A．The sponsors are always mentioned. |
| B．Advertising must be honest and humorous. |
| C．There is the description of things advertised. |
| D．Advertising is directed at large groups of people. |
The train was already half an hour late. I had to arrive in Vienna at 7:15 in time to catch the 7:20 train to Paris, but there was no hope of that now. I told my problem to the conductor (列车员). He advised me to get off two stops before Vienna Station and take a taxi. When the time came, he even helped with my bag. He wished me good luck as I jumped off. A few minutes later I was racing towards the center of the city in a taxi. It was almost 7:25 when we stopped outside the station. I paid the driver quickly, picked up my bag and hurried inside. “Paris train?” was all I had time to say to the official I saw. You can see how I felt when he pointed to a train that was just moving out of the station.The writer couldn’t arrive in Paris in time because .
| A．he didn’t pay the driver | B．he took the wrong train |
| C．the train was late | D．the conductor advised him to get off early |
The conductor advised the writer to get off before Vienna and take a taxi .
| A．as soon as the train stopped | B．after he heard the writer’s explanation |
| C．after he was passing the writer | D．when the train arrived in Vienna at 7:15 |
Which of the following did the conductor do to help the writer?
| A．The conductor advised him to get off two stops before Vienna. |
| B．The conductor took him to the center of the city in a taxi. |
| C．The conductor carried the bag for him. |
| D．The conductor showed him out of the station and called a taxi. |
When the writer saw that the train was just moving, he felt .
| A．happy | B．angry | C．disappointed | D．sorry |
Which of the following is TRUE?
| A．The writer was lucky to catch the train. |
| B．The driver helped the writer catch the train. |
| C．The writer paid the bus driver quickly. |
| D．The conductor was very kind to the writer. |
King’s College Summer School
King’s College Summer School is an annual(每年的) training program for high school students at all levels who want to improve their English. Courses are given by the teachers of King’s College and other colleges in New York. Trips to museums and culture centers are also organized. This year’s summer school will be from July 25 to August 15. More information is as follows:
| Application (申请) date ·Students in New York should send their applications before July 18, 2009. ·Students of other cities should send their applications before July 16, 2009. ·Foreign students should send their applications before July 10, 2009. |
Courses ·English Language Spoken English: 22 hours Reading and, Writing: 10 hours ·American History: 16 hours ·American Culture: 16 hours |
| Steps · A letter of self-introduction · A letter of recommendation(推荐) · The letters should be written in English with all the necessary information. |
Cost ·Daily lessons: $200 ·Sports and activities: $100 ·Travels: $200 ·Hotel service: $400 ·You may choose to live with your friends or relatives in the same city. |
| Please write to: Thompson, Sanders 1026 King’s Street New York, NY 10016, USA E-mail: KC-Summer-School@ yahoo.com |
You can most probably read the text in __________.
| A．a newspaper | B．a travel guide | C．a textbook | D．a telephone book |
Which of the following is true about King’s College Summer School?
| A．Only top students can take part in the program. |
| B．King’s College Summer School is run every other year. |
| C．Visits to museums and culture centers are part of the program. |
| D．Only the teachers of King’s College give courses. |
If you are to live with your relatives in New York, you will have to pay the school________.
| A．$200 | B．$400 | C．$500 | D．$900 |
As a Chinese student, you can send your application__________ .
| A．before July 18, 2009 | B．on July 16, 2009 |
| C．on July 10, 2009. | D．before July 16, 2009 |
What information can you get from the text?
| A．The program will last two months. |
| B．You can write to Thompson only in English. |
| C．You can telephone Thompson. |
| D．You can get in touch with the school by e-mail or by telephone. |
Put an ice cube from your fridge into a glass of water. You have a piece of string(线) 10 centimeters long. The problem is to take out that piece of ice with the help of the string. But you must not touch the ice with your fingers.
You may ask your friends to try to do that when you are having dinner together. There is a saltcellar on the table. You must use salt when you carry out this experiment.
First you put the string across the piece of ice. Then put some salt on the ice. Salt makes ice melt(融化). The ice round the string will begin to melt. But when it melts, it will lose heat. The cold ice cube will make the salt water freeze again. After a minute or two you may raise the piece of string and with it you will raise your piece of ice!
This experiment can be very useful to you. If, for example, there is ice near the door of your house, you must use very much salt to melt all the ice. If you don’t put enough salt, the water will freeze again. We must use _______ when we carry out this experiment.
| A．fridge | B．some food | C．a table | D．some salt |
How long will it take to carry out this experiment?
| A．More than three minutes. | B．Five minutes or so. |
| C．Only one minute or two. | D．About ten minutes. |
What is the task of this experiment?
| A．Put the ice cube into the glass of water with the help of the string. |
| B．Take out the ice cube in the glass of water with the help of the string. |
| C．Take out the ice cube in the glass of water with your fingers. |
| D．Put some salt on the ice cube and then put the string across it. |
How many things at least are used in this experiment?
| A．Three. | B．Four. | C．Six. | D．Seven. |
We can learn something about _______ from the passage.
| A．physics | B．biology | C．chemistry | D．maths |
If you go into the woods with your friends, stay with them. If you don’t, you may get lost. If you do get lost, though, this is what you should do. Sit down and stay where you are. Don’t try to find your friends—let them find you. You can help them to find you by staying in one place.
There is another way to help your friends or other people nearby to find you. Give them a signal by shouting or whistling three times. Stop. Then shout or whistle three times again. Any signal given three times is a call for help. You will be helped by others.
Keep up the shouting or whistling, always three times together. When people hear you, they will know that you are not making noise for fun. They will let you know they have heard your signal by giving two shouts, two whistles or two gunshots. When a signal is given twice, it is an answer to a call for help. If you don’t think that you will get help before night comes, try to make a little house with branches, lots of leaves and grass.
What would you do if you get hungry or need drinking water? You have to leave your little branch house to look for a brook. Don’t just walk away. Pick off small branches and drop them as you walk so that you can find your way back.
The most important thing to do when you are lost is--- stay in one place.
36. How do you let people believe that you are not just making noise for fun?
A. Stop now and then. B. Shout at the top of voice again and again
C. Go on shouting or whistling. D. Shout or whistle three times once in a while.
37. What does the underlined word “brook” mean?
A.小 溪 B.沙漠 C.山峰 D. 大海
38. Which of the following is an answer to a call for help?
A. A whistle B.Three shouts C. Two gunshots D.Repeated loud shouts
39.If you feel thirsty when you are lost in the forest, what should you do?
A. Leave your branch house and walk away B. Light a fire and make yourself some tea．
C. Go to find a brook and leave branches behind you. D. Find something to hold the water.
40. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. What Do Three Shots and Two Shots Mean in a Forest
B. What to Do If You Get Lost in a Forest
C. How to Find Your Friends When You Are Lost in the Woods
D. The Most Important Thing to Do is to Stay in One Place
CHICAGO ---Call it a reward, or just “bribery(贿赂)”.
Whichever it is, many parents today readily admit to buying off their children, who get goodies(好东西) for anything from behaving in a restaurant to sleeping all night in their own beds.
That’s what worries parenting experts.
“I think that reward systems have a time and a place and work really well in certain situations,” says Marcy Safyer, director of the Adelphi University Institute for Parenting.
“But what often gets lost for people is being able to figure out how to communicate to their kids that doing the thing is rewarding enough,” Safyer says.
Parents and experts alike agree that the dynamic(动力) is partly a reflection of the world we live in. It’s unrealistic to think a parent wouldn’t reward their children with material things sometimes, says Robin Lanzi, a clinical psychologist and mother of four who’s the research director at the Center on Health and Education at Georgetown University.
“But you want to make sure that they match the behavior, so it’s not something huge for something small,” Lanzi says.
She recalls hearing about a father who offered his child a Nintendo Wii game system for scoring a couple goals in a soccer game.
Elizabeth Powell, a mother of two young daughters in Austin, Texas, knows what she means.
“You want to raise them in a way that they’re respectful and appreciate things,” Powell says of her children. “But sometimes, you wonder now if kids appreciate even a new pair of shoes. ”Parenting experts are worried that ____ .
| A．today’s children are fed up with material things |
| B．parents are rewarding their kids improperly |
| C．today’s children are more and more demanding(苛求的) |
| D．there is lack of communication between parents and children |
What Safyer says suggests that ____ .
| A．reward systems are quite limited in developing abilities |
| B．reward systems work well regardless of（不管） time and place |
| C．reward systems are still not made full use of to develop abilities |
| D．reward systems are often used at the wrong time and place |
What can we learn from what Robin Lanzi says?
| A．She holds a different opinion from other parenting experts. |
| B．She thinks children can’t behave well without being rewarded. |
| C．She holds a similar belief to Safyer and gives further explanation. |
| D．She doesn’t believe in rewarding children for good behavior. |
The father who offered his child a Nintendo Wii game system can be regarded as
_____.
| A．over-rewarding his child |
| B．giving his child proper reward |
| C．respecting and appreciating his child |
| D．giving something small for something huge |
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